What are the great scientists in China?

As humans fly into space, people know more about the moon. Nowadays, people have drawn a detailed "map of the moon". On the map of the moon on the back of the moon, you can see a mountain marked "Zu Chongzhi Mountain". It was named after Zu Chongzhi, a famous mathematician and astronomer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Zu Chongzhi, a native of Wen Yuan, was originally from Qixian County, Fanyang (now Laiyuan, Hebei Province). On April 20, 429 (the first day of March in the sixth year of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty), he was born in a family of attendants. Because of Zu Chongzhi's great contribution to world science, he enjoys a high reputation in the world. The mountain on the moon is named after him, which is a symbol.

Zu Chongzhi was smart and studious since childhood. At the age of 20, due to his academic achievements, he entered the then national research institution, Hualin University. Thanks to his bold ideas, innovation, practice and hard work, he has made amazing achievements in many scientific fields.

Zu Chongzhi's important contribution in mathematics is to calculate the ratio of circumference to diameter by secant method, which is between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927. This is the first time in the world to put forward the most accurate pi. In the 65438+5th century, an Arab mathematician surpassed him and calculated pi to 17 digits, but it was more than 1000 years later than Zu Chongzhi. In Europe, it was not until 1573 that Otto and Antuoni successively worked out the values calculated by Zu Chongzhi. Not only that, Zu Chongzhi also correctly deduced the volume formula of the ball, which was the earliest spherical formula in China. The principle he cited is consistent with the axiom cited by Italian mathematician cavalieri in17th century.

Zu Chongzhi wrote his research results into a book called Composition. This book was first listed as one of the ten classic books on computing in imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty. Later, this book was introduced to Korea and Japan, and it was also used as a textbook. Unfortunately, it was lost in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the astronomical calendar, Zu Chongzhi compiled a new calendar named Daming Calendar at the age of 33. There are two major reforms in Daming Calendar. One is to break the old leap method of "65438+7 leap in 2009" which has been used for a long time in China. After careful calculation, Zu Chongzhi found that this leap method has a difference of one day every 200 years. Therefore, he broke the traditional concept and calculated repeatedly, and accurately obtained the new leap method of adding1year to every 39 1 44 leap month. Zu Chongzhi also applied the precession principle discovered by astronomers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to calendar calculation for the first time. The so-called precession refers to the phenomenon that the earth orbits the sun once and cannot completely return to its original position. Using this principle, Zu Chongzhi accurately calculated the tropical year as 365.438+0, which is only 50 seconds away from modern scientific measurement. This is a great progress in the history of astronomy.

In addition, Zu Chongzhi has made many exquisite machines. For example, South Guide Car, A Thousand-Li Ship and Mu Niu Liu Ma. Zu Chongzhi deserves to be one of the greatest scientists in the world.

-One of the founders of modern mechanics in China. He has made many pioneering contributions in the fields of aerodynamics, aviation engineering, jet propulsion, engineering cybernetics, physical mechanics and other technical sciences. He has made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of China's rocket, missile and space undertakings, and is an advocate of China's system engineering theory and application research. 199110/0 16, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal.

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Famous Bridge Expert-Mao Yisheng

Mao Yisheng, civil engineer, bridge expert and engineering educator. In 1930s, he presided over the design and organized the construction of Qiantang River Highway-Railway Bridge, which became a bridge in the history of China railway bridge.

Chengbei has made outstanding contributions to the bridge construction in China. He presided over china academy of railway sciences for more than 30 years and made outstanding contributions to the progress of railway science and technology. It is a pioneer who actively advocates the application of soil mechanics in engineering. In engineering education, we advocate heuristic education methods, insist on integrating theory with practice, devote ourselves to educational reform, and cultivate a large number of scientific and technological talents for the country. He has been the leader of the institute for a long time and is one of the founders of engineering academic groups in China.

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Zhou Peiyuan, the founder of modern mechanics in China.

Zhou Peiyuan is a famous mechanic, theoretical physicist, educator and social activist in China, and one of the founders of modern mechanics in China. Mainly engaged in fluid mechanics.

Study on the Theory of Gravity in theory of turbulence and General Relativity. It lays the foundation of turbulence model theory. The important argument "coordinate correlation" in the theory of general relativity gravity is studied and preliminarily confirmed. It has trained several generations of famous mechanics and physicists. In education and scientific research, we always attach importance to basic theories and care for and support the research of new technologies. It has made important contributions to organizing and leading domestic academic activities and promoting exchanges and cooperation at home and abroad.

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Hou Debing, Pioneer of China Chemical Industry

( 1890— 1974)

Hou, a famous scientist, an outstanding chemical expert and a pioneer of heavy chemical industry in China. In the 1920s, he broke through the mystery of ammonia-alkali technology and presided over the construction of the first soda plant in Asia. In 1930s, he led the establishment of the first joint venture in China that could produce synthetic ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. In the 1940s and 1950s, a new process of combined soda production with soda ash and ammonium chloride, and a new process of ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer production by ammonia carbide synthesis were invented, which were industrialized and popularized on a large scale in the 1960s. He also actively disseminated and exchanged science and technology, trained many scientific and technological talents, and made outstanding contributions to the development of science and technology and chemical industry.

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