What were the environmental problems in ancient China?

From the point of view of historical development, the creation of environmental problems on earth has roughly gone through four stages:

The first stage - the primitive agricultural stage, the quality of the environment is good. When mankind is still in the primitive society, due to the productivity is extremely backward, for the dependence of the natural environment can only be very passive adaptation, the ability to transform nature is very weak; the natural population growth rate is quite low, the growth of pollutant emissions is almost equal to zero. At that time, the so-called "environmental problems" were mainly caused by indiscriminate mining and fishing, misuse of resources, and famine caused by the lack of means of subsistence.

The second stage - the traditional agricultural stage - was characterized by better environmental quality. About 7,000 or 8,000 years ago, with the emergence of primitive agriculture, mankind's ability to utilize and transform nature increased, and its impact on the natural environment grew. Over the past several thousand years, the agricultural revolution has pushed forward human civilization, while at the same time destroying the natural environment to a certain extent. Population and economic growth are still very slow, but massive deforestation and destruction of grasslands have caused serious erosion of soil and water, and frequent floods and droughts.

The third stage - the modern industrial stage, industrial pollution increased rapidly, and the quality of the environment deteriorated sharply. The Industrial Revolution, which emerged in 1750 AD, is another milestone in human history, especially the rapid progress of modern industrial production and science and technology, which has brought unprecedented prosperity and splendid civilization to the human society, and made the whole world face a sea change. The footprints of mankind have spread over the surface of the Earth, from space to the depths of the oceans. At the same time, the population has increased dramatically, the size of cities has expanded, and the natural environment has been seriously damaged and polluted, so much so that even the sparsely populated north and south poles of the Earth have not been spared. Little by little, mankind is destroying the foundations of its own existence and life, creating new environmental problems. Humanity is committing "chronic suicide"! At the beginning of the twentieth century, some capitalist countries established polluting industries on a large scale (such as the coal industry, the iron and steel industry, and the building materials industry, etc.), and widely adopted polluting technologies (such as the massive input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides into agriculture, and the massive use of coal in industry, etc.), and the population continued to grow rapidly, and the process of urbanization was accelerated. By the 1950s, pollution from petroleum and organic chemical industries was added, giving environmental problems a socially universal character.

The fourth stage - the modern industrial period, the serious deterioration of environmental quality. After the fifties, mankind began to enter into the modern industrialization of the full development of the period, but also into the period of serious environmental pollution, the emergence of global environmental problems. Summarize the global environmental pollution has the following ten aspects:

1, atmospheric pollution and "greenhouse effect".

2. Destruction of the ozone layer.

3. Soil erosion and soil degradation.

4. Expansion of land desertification.

5, water pollution and water crisis.

6. Indiscriminate deforestation.

7, Sharp decrease of biological species.

8. Severe shortage of mineral resources.

9, vicious population explosion.

10, poverty and frequent wars.

Since the seventies, environmental problems have attracted the great attention of governments all over the world, and various practical measures have been taken to curb the continued deterioration of the environment and to make the environment develop in the direction favorable to mankind, and preliminary results have been achieved. Environmental problems are mainly caused by the excessive consumption of natural resources and the massive emission of pollutants by developed countries in the course of industrialization. That unsustainable mode of production and consumption was the main cause of the continuous deterioration of the Earth's natural environment. Developing countries should learn from the historical experience and lessons of developed countries, and take into account the "three synchronizations" of environmental, economic and social benefits while developing their economies.