Elements of China Ancient Gardens and China Ancient Gardens

The elements of ancient gardens in China are composed of four important parts: mountains, water, flowers and trees, and architecture.

(1) mountains

In order to express nature, mountain building is one of the most important landscape elements in gardening. Shanglinyuan in Qin and Han Dynasties pioneered artificial mountain building. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liang Yi initiated a precedent from yearning for the fairy world to imitating natural landscapes, which indicated that garden art took real life as its starting point. The true scale of the mountains built by literati in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was greatly reduced by generalization and refinement, in order to embody the shape and charm of natural mountains. This kind of freehand brushwork is an improvement compared with naturalistic imitation. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, he paid more attention to the art of overlapping mountains. The art of mountain-building in Ming and Qing Dynasties has been developed and popularized.

(2) Water

In order to express nature, water is also one of the most important elements in gardening. Naturally, the garden is dominated by still water features, and wins with the quiet and distant realm of water surface as calm as a mirror or misty waves.

There are generally three ways to control water in ancient gardens: one is to cover up. With architecture and greening, the winding pool shore is hidden. The second is separation. Or build a dike to cross the water, or cross the floating gallery to cross the water, as Ji Cheng said in "Yuanye", "If there is endless sparseness, the bridge will be broken." This can increase the depth of field and spatial level, and give the water a deep feeling. The third is to break. When the water surface is very small, such as winding streams and clear spring pools, rock banks can be used.

(3) flowers and trees

Natural gardens deliberately express natural beauty, and the selection criteria of flowers and trees are: physical beauty and color beauty. Ancient and famous trees are very important to the garden atmosphere. Besides flowers and trees, bamboo also plays an extremely important role in garden decoration, and turf is also very important. Flat or undulating or tortuous turf also makes people intoxicated with the yearning nature.

Birds, animals, fish and insects

China classical gardens attach importance to raising animals. The animals in the garden can entertain, enlarge and purify the natural realm, and make people associate through vision and hearing.

(Architecture)) Hall, building, pavilion, porch, boat, pavilion, corridor, bridge and wall.

1. The hall is a place for reception and assembly activities, and it is the main building in the garden.

2. The pavilion is a second-class building in the garden and belongs to a high-rise building. The exhibition hall requires windows and corridors on each floor to overlook the scenery.

3. The study room and the dining room can be used for banquets, with different sizes, slightly different from the hall. Lent is used for reading, and the environment is quiet, avoiding the main tourist routes in the park as much as possible.

The pavilion is built beside the water or flowers, which becomes a landscape. Usually rectangular, usually open or cased, the waterside pavilion faces the water on three sides.

5. The entrance is small and exquisite, tall and exquisite, and the interior is simple and elegant. You can watch fish in the water or judge flowers and trees outdoors.

6. A ship is a building modeled after a ship, usually built in water or a pool.

7. The pavilion is an open building. Mainly for people to rest and enjoy the scenery.

8. Roads and corridors not only have the function of transportation, but also have the function of viewing. They are the most plastic and flexible buildings in China gardens.

9. Bridges generally adopt arch bridges, flat bridges, covered bridges and curved bridges. They not only have the function of adding scenery, but also are used to isolate scenery and expand space visually.

10. The garden wall is an integral part of the enclosed space. If the buildings in the park adopt courtyard layout, the garden wall is an indispensable part.

Plaques, couplets and stone carvings

After the completion of the garden, the owner always asks some literati to name the garden and buildings according to the artistic conception and scene of the garden, with inscriptions, couplets and stone carvings. These can not only cultivate sentiment, express feelings, but also play the role of point scenery, add poetry to the scenic spots in the garden and broaden the artistic conception.