Classification of pumps, uses and application scope of various pumps.

1, positive displacement pump

The movement of the working part makes the working volume increase and decrease periodically to suck and discharge the liquid, and the extrusion of the working part can directly increase the pressure of the liquid.

According to the different motion modes of moving parts, it can be divided into two categories: reciprocating pump and rotor pump. According to the structure of moving parts, there are piston pumps and plunger pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps, vane pumps and water ring pumps.

2. Impeller pump

The impeller pump drives the liquid to rotate at high speed through the impeller, and transfers mechanical energy to the conveyed liquid.

According to the structural characteristics of pump impeller and flow passage, different impeller types can be divided into:

Centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, mixed flow pump, vortex pump.

3. Jet pump

Jet fluid is a high-speed jet generated by working fluid, and then the energy of jet fluid is increased through momentum exchange.

The pump can also be divided into:

Vertical pump, horizontal pump.

According to the number of suction ports, it can be divided into:

Single suction pump, double suction pump.

According to the prime mover driving the pump:

Electric pump, steam turbine pump, diesel pump, pneumatic diaphragm pump.

Application area

In the production of chemical and petroleum departments, raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are mostly liquid, and raw materials need to go through complicated technological processes. In these processes, pumps play the role of conveying liquids and providing pressure and flow for chemical reactions. In addition, in many devices, pumps are used to adjust the temperature.

In agricultural production, water pump is the main irrigation and drainage machinery. China's rural areas are vast, and a large number of pumps are needed in rural areas every year. Generally speaking, agricultural pumps account for more than half of the total output of pumps.

In mining and metallurgical industries, pumps are also the most used equipment. Mine drainage needs a pump, and mineral processing, smelting and rolling all need pump water supply.

In the power sector, nuclear power plants need nuclear main pumps, secondary pumps and tertiary pumps, while thermal power plants need a large number of boiler feed pumps, condensate pumps, oil-gas mixed pumps, circulating pumps and ash pumps.

In the national defense construction, the adjustment of airplane flaps, tail rudder and landing gear, the turret rotation of warships and tanks, and the take-off and landing of submarines all need pumps. High pressure and radioactive liquid, some also require that the pump does not leak.

In short, whether it is airplanes, rockets, tanks, submarines, drilling, mining, trains, ships or daily life, pumps are needed everywhere, and pumps are running everywhere. This is why the pump is listed as a general-purpose machine, which is the main product of the machinery industry.

Electric pump, that is, pump driven by electricity. An electric pump consists of a pump body, a lifting pipe, a pump seat, a submersible motor (including cables) and a starting protection device. Pump body is the working part of submersible pump, which consists of water inlet pipe, guide shell, check valve, pump shaft and impeller. There are two ways to fix the impeller on the shaft.

Extended data

Matters needing attention

1. If the water pump has any minor faults, remember not to let it work. If the packing of the pump shaft is worn, it should be added in time. If the pump is used continuously, it will leak. The direct impact of this is that the energy consumption of the motor will increase and the impeller will be damaged.

2. If the pump vibrates strongly during use, it must be stopped to check the reason, otherwise it will also cause damage to the pump.

3. When the bottom valve of the water pump leaks, some people will fill the inlet pipe of the water pump with dry soil and flush the bottom valve with water, which is really undesirable. Because when dry soil is put into the water inlet pipe, it will enter the pump when the pump starts to work, damaging the impeller and bearing of the pump, thus shortening the service life of the pump. When the bottom valve leaks, it must be repaired. If it is serious, it needs to be replaced with a new one.

4. Pay attention to the maintenance of the water pump after use. For example, if the water pump is used up, clean the water in the pump. It is best to unload the water pipe and then rinse it with clear water.

5. Remove the adhesive tape from the water pump, then rinse it with water and dry it in the sun. Don't put the tape in a dark and damp place. The adhesive tape of the water pump must not be stained with oil, and it must not be coated with sticky things.

6, carefully check whether there is any crack on the impeller, impeller fixed on the bearing is loose, if there are cracks and loose phenomenon, should be repaired in time, if there is dirt on the pump impeller, should be cleaned up.

Baidu encyclopedia-water pump

Baidu encyclopedia-water pump