What are the characteristics of Han's residence?

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The Han Chinese have a wide range of regions, and their traditional houses are different according to the regions and have different styles.

1, North China residential

North China Plain Han traditional residential buildings, most of the cottage, the housing structure to wooden columns to support the beams and purlins, support rafters and light tile roof, to the brick wall, brick wall, stone walls and rammed earth walls to maintain the north, east and west, the south to open the door with windows. The windows have low bay windows, and in the past, there were many windows with latticework and pasted paper on them, but now they are mostly dead windows with big glass, and there is enough light inside the house. Inside the house, there is an earthen kang, which is connected with the stove. The kang is covered with mats and felt, and a low table is placed on top, which can be used for eating or entertaining guests. The roofs are mostly herringbone shaped (commonly known as two-sided slope) with a gentle slope. In addition to the tile roof, there are also in the rafters on the mat fine branches of mud to do the roof. In order to save labor sturdy, Guanzhong Plain and Shanxi residential building roof more than one side of the slope type. The northern Han Chinese compound combination of more for the courtyard type, to Beijing courtyard as a representative.

The Beijing courtyard house has a three-room main house facing south. On both sides of the main house are the ear rooms. In front of the main house is the central courtyard, and on the south side of the courtyard are the compartments on the east and west sides, and on each side of the compartments are the ear-rooms, and on the south side of the courtyard there is a hanging door leading to the front yard, and on the south side of the front yard is the main door and the inverted seat which is side-by-side with the main door. Some courtyard in the opposite side of the gate outside the shadow wall, the main room facing south and the east and west side of the rooms connected with the corridor. In larger mansions, the backyard is left after the main house, and after the backyard, the rooms are fixed, and after the rooms, a narrow patio is left, and after the patio, the rooms are repaired, in a way that is superimposed to the rear and to the left and right.

2, northern Shaanxi residential

Shaanxi to take the Loess Plateau on the upper layer of thick, low water table features, digging kilns for residential, have the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer.

Kiln dwellings can be divided into pit-type, along the cliff type and adobe type three. Pit-type kiln dug in the ground, three or four sides of the inner cave dwelling, there are ramps in and out. Along the cliff type kiln is along the edge of the mountain and ditch side layer by layer kiln. The adobe arch type kiln is made of adobe and then covered with soil for heat preservation. There are also masonry kilns.

The pit-type kiln is also found in the western plains of Henan Province, where the loess layer is thick, such as the pit-type kiln in Gong County, Henan Province, where the whole village and street are often built below the ground level, and only the canopy of the village and the forest on the ground can be seen from afar. The land on top of the pit-type kilns can still be planted with crops. Such underground streets are also found in eastern Gansu. From the point of view of western environmental architects, this kind of pit-type kiln building is the perfect civilized building that does not destroy nature.

The combination of underground kilns still maintains the pattern of the traditional courtyard in the north, with kitchens and warehouses for storing grain, wells for drinking water and seepage wells, and sheds for raising livestock, forming a cozy underground courtyard. The use of lots, the division of courtyards, the traffic relationship between upper and lower floors, lighting and ventilation, and drainage are all handled in a very skillful way.

3, Northeastern residential

Northeastern residential and North China is similar, but its abundance of timber, housing construction in addition to wood beams and frames, there are boards for the wall, smeared with white mud and thickened, polished into a wall, the roof tiles or thatched, the rest of the doors, windows, and indoor furnishings and the same as the North China residential.

4, southern dwellings

Southern Han traditional dwellings are often seen in the building, or the evolution of the ancient nesting houses.

Traditional residential buildings are generally just two-story, still with wooden frame as the main body, wooden beams and pillars to support the larger eaves, eaves and wings, attics, hangings, etc., with precise mortise and tenon craftsmanship. Surrounding walls are mostly made of masonry, and there are also wood panels embedded in the four walls. The layout of buildings around the natural conditions and customs vary: hilly mountainous buildings more by the mountains and the water, rivers and Zhejiang waterfront buildings are the front street and the river, Fujian's earth building is huge and beautiful, Suzhou's pavilion is small and beautiful.

Han buildings generally put the staircase in a secondary, hidden position, and Western homes to the staircase as the core of the home focus on decoration, emphasizing the width of the floor at the start to show the custom of residential luxury is clearly different. Whether it is the north or the south, the Han residential architecture of the **** the same point is to sit in the north to face the south, pay attention to indoor sunlight; wooden structure beams and pillars to bear the weight of the wall maintenance of brick, stone, earth and wood; the main core of the hall as the main body of the house, carved beams and decorative curved roofs and gables is famous for.

5, modern residential

Before liberation, from the interior to the coast, from the northeast to the southwest, from the mountain townships to fishing villages, poor peasants, fishermen can only live in thatched houses. After the liberation, thatched roof houses were generally replaced by brick houses, and since the 1980s, some fishing villages and rural villages have also constructed reinforced concrete buildings.

Modern urban residential buildings are mostly reinforced concrete prefabricated panels assembled and welded to build a flat-roofed high-rise, dozens or hundreds of **** living in a building, according to the staircase unit up and down access. There are also brick buildings with tile or cement board roofs. The appearance of these residents has been modernized, but the interior furnishings are still showing ethnic characteristics.

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