Features of Daxing City

When designing the city, Yuhou attached great importance to the use of tall buildings to control the heights of the city. He placed the imperial city, palace and important temples on the six high slopes, which on the one hand reflected the supremacy of the imperial power, power and divine power. On the other hand, it can ensure the capital city. Especially the safety of the palace at the same time also make the capital city of the building of the staggered, three-dimensional level is more distinct, the momentum is more grand and spectacular. By the palace, the Imperial City, the outer city of three parts. Palace City in the northern part of the city in the center, is the emperor and the royal family to live and deal with the place of government. Daxing Palace for its main hall. Imperial City, also known as the city, located in the south of the Palace City, is the seat of government agencies. The Outer Kuo Cheng, or Capital City, had a circumference of 367 kilometers and an area of 84 square kilometers, about 7.5 times the size of the modern city of Xi'an. The rest of the city was residential except for the Palace City and the Imperial City. Sui Daxingcheng this city structure, so that the government agencies centralized, the government and the people separate, opening a generation of capital city design precedent, for later generations to follow suit. Daxing City is not divided into north and south layout like Chang'an of Han Dynasty, but to take the structure of completely symmetrical east and west. The whole city is divided into two parts, east and west, with the north-south oriented Zhujiao Street as the central axis.

The development process of ancient Chinese cities can be roughly divided into four major stages, and Sui Daxing City was in the third stage.

(I) Pre-Qin period -- the origin of the city and the early development stage

(II) Qin and Han periods -- the formation of a new urban system stage

(III) Wei and Jin to the Sui and Tang dynasties --(D) Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties - the open street system city stage Chang'an City Longshouyuan six slopes and Qiankun relationship schematic diagram building the capital city is a major national event, the so-called "the foundation of the tripod is forever solid, no matter how much time is left. Ding Ding of the foundation of eternal solid, infinite industry in Si", it is related to the consolidation and development of the country, by the political, economic, military, cultural multiple influences, but also affects the development of the capital city in many ways. Therefore, there are always some principles and methods in the architectural layout, especially in ancient China, spiritual beliefs in people's daily life occupies a very important position, the pursuit of celestial induction, celestial integration of the ideal realm. City layout are often given some symbolic meaning, Sui and Tang capital city planning layout still can not escape this pattern. To the layout of the capital city, the so-called "state set up, must be funny Xuanxiang" of the image of the sky thought here to get a greater play and development.

Palace City, the Imperial City, outer Kuo arranged in parallel to the Palace City symbolizes the North Star, as the sky; to the Imperial City, a hundred government offices symbolize the Ziwei wall around the North Star; outer Kuo City symbolizes the north ring arch of the stars. Therefore, the Tang people that there is a poem, "the state Wei Dongjing, the city from the North Star", said this layout effect. Of course, it is also the feudal emperor according to the north and stand, face south and rule a reflection of traditional Confucian thinking, it as the emperor's general guiding ideology of governance throughout the ages, throughout, but also embodied in the planning and layout of the capital city, increasing the emperor's divine right to think of the mystical color.

According to the Song Minqiu "Chang'an Zhi" cited "Sui three rituals map" records, Daxing City, the number of streets, the number of square design are also based on. The imperial city of the south four square, like the four seasons; north and south of nine square, take the "Zhou Li" nine Kui system; imperial city on both sides of the outer city north and south of thirteen square, like a year with intercalary, regardless of whether the fact that it is the case, will be attached to the symbolic design of the design of the city is a general rule of the design of the city.

In addition, with the development of feng shui thinking in ancient China, Yuwen Kai also introduced this idea into the planning and design of Daxing City. Daxing city site selected in the Han Chang'an former city of the south, the terrain is open and far away, there are six east-west direction of the earth across the hill, if you look down on the Xi'an earth from the air, you can see that the shape of the ground is very much like the "I Ching" on the six lines of the hexagrams of the dry trigrams. Qian Gua belongs to the Yang, said nine, from top to bottom, across the ground in Xi'an, the six earth from north to south, known as nine one, nine two, nine three, nine four, nine five, nine six.

From the height of the six slopes, the terrain from south to north gradually lower. Then the palace city is located in a relatively low position. Not set the palace in the highest place is another reason. According to the position of the stars in the sky, the most noble Ziwei Palace in the center of the northern sky, it is extremely central to the north, east and west of the two clans **** there are fifteen stars around it. Ziwei Palace that has the meaning of the Palace, the emperor is the son of heaven, the earth's monarch and the stars in the sky should correspond to, therefore, can only be arranged in the north of the Palace in the central position. And the north side of the Wei River leaning against, from the point of view of defense, but also more secure.

Gua theory that the first nine is a submerged dragon, do not use. Nine two high slope is "see (now) dragon in the field", so can only "put the palace, when the emperor's residence". Nine three of the slopes, "the gentleman end of the day Qian Qian, evening vigilance if, Li no blame." If the government offices here, can reflect the civil and military officials, the concept of loyalty and diligence. So the palace city and the imperial city were arranged on the slopes of Nine Two and Nine Three respectively. Nine five but the most honorable, the so-called "nine five supreme", belongs to the "flying dragon" of the position, do not want ordinary people to live in, it is in this high hill in the central axis part, east and west symmetrically built two magnificent scale of the temple, the west is the Taoist Xuandu Guan, the east is the Buddhism of the Xingshanshi, hope to borrow the power of God and Buddha, the Buddha's power. It was hoped that the power of Gods and Buddhas could be borrowed to suppress the imperial aura of this place. Pei Du, the Chancellor of the Tang Dynasty, was falsely accused of "living on the Gang Yuan without being summoned" because his house was built on the high slope of the "Nine and a Half". In fact, the Tang Dynasty lived in this high hill of famous ministers are also very many, such as Zhang said, Han Yu, Li Zongmin, Yang Guozhong, Li Sheng, Liu Gongquan.

Twenty-five streets in Chang'an city interlaced east-west, north-south, the city is divided into two cities 108 square. One of the Zhuque Street as the boundary will be divided into two parts of the city: the eastern part of the Wannian County, there should be fifty-five square, because the southeast corner of the city Qujiang scenic area accounted for the land of the two square, so the real leader of the fifty-three square; the west belongs to the Chang'an County, there is a city of fifty-five square.

Hundred and eight Square arrangement of symbolic meaning: 108 Square corresponds to the symbolism of the 108 gods of the 108 stars (such as the "Water Margin" in the 108 generals); North and South arrangement of thirteen Square, symbolizing a year of intercalary; south of the Imperial City of the east and west of the four Square, symbolizing four seasons of the year; south of the Imperial City, the north and south of the nine Square, symbolizing the "Rites of the Zhou," a book of the

Fengshui Four Elephant Diagrams documented in the so-called "five city nine Kui".

In order to avoid leaking off the emperor's qi, the Sui government ordered the residents of the palace, south of the Imperial City, Rifang, cancel the north-south gate and open only the east-west gate.

Traditional feng shui in the building advocated the Meridian direction, that is, sitting in the north to face the south, this advocate has been respected by successive emperors, the Tang capital Chang'an, the original palace buildings are sitting in the north to face the south of the Meridian direction. Ancient Chinese emperor's seat, body in the north, facing south. Because the emperor is the head of a dynasty, like above, so the emperor sat in the north, the north is "on", while sitting in the south of the qunchen is inferior, the south becomes "down". In addition, the palace south of the door named "Jubilee Gate", and the palace in the north door of Taiji Palace named Xuanwu Gate, this is the source of the traditional feng shui in the "left dragon, the right white tiger, before the Jubilee, after Xuanwu" said. Have its name must be in fact, Taiji Palace, since the north door was named Xuanwu Gate, it is bound to be with its corresponding "Kan" hexagram symbolism (gossip in the Kan symbolizes trapped). Tang Dynasty around the succession to the throne and the court battle - Xuanwumen incident occurred here, coincides with the coincidence. Thus, it seems, the city streets, buildings, the naming of a great deal to say.

Also, in the Taiji Palace in the Taiji Hall north of the two Yi Hall, "two yi" of the title is also from the "Zhou Yi" , "so, easy to have Taiji, is born two yi, two yi born four elephants, four elephants born eight trigrams."