Vertical Writing in Chinese

1. Why the Chinese characters were written vertically

Because the Chinese characters appeared early, and the Chinese characters were square characters. If we look at the character "册", we will know that in ancient times, we first used bamboo slips to carve characters, because of the convenience of carving (it is easier to carve vertically than horizontally, and it is better to keep the bamboo slips stable), and our characters are square, so we can read them horizontally and vertically, so naturally, we adopted the vertical way. But why use the right-to-left way, rather than left-to-right more convenient to write (in line with the habits of the right hand)? The reason is also because of the bamboo slips, which are carved piece by piece and then linked together with a string, so there is no question of whether it is easier to write (carve) from left to right or from right to left. On the contrary, the linking was done in such a way that it was easier to read with the right hand, so it was right-to-left.

Impact on later generations:

1, the formation of calligraphy and the shortness of the article: Until later generations, the carrier of the book became paper, the writing tool became a brush, due to the habit of writing, but also has maintained the original vertical lines, which brings a certain amount of problems to the writing, because writing from the right to the left, the sleeve will be easily touched by the ink of the just finished writing. This makes the writing time to be very careful, but also with the left hand to hold the right sleeve, which creates a very concentrated state of mind, so that writing is not only a writing process, but also a kind of sentiment of the palliative and exercise, and I think that this gave rise to the calligraphy and developed into an art. Instead of saying that the square character created Chinese calligraphy, I think it is better to say that the vertical line writing created calligraphy - in fact, the vertical line writing than the horizontal line writing embellishments are also much more flexible and beautiful. However, although the vertical line has brought some inconvenience to the writing, but to the reading and circulation has brought great convenience, all the articles written as long as a volume, can be taken away, and the person who reads as long as the right hand a pull, you can see, which saves the binding process. As binding became an elective course, people will naturally tend to express themselves on a piece of paper, so that the article tends to be short style.

2, rolls, inscriptions, folders - simple layout in Chinese: In our minds, there is nothing deeper about rolls than the emperor's decree. About the inscription, I think China especially like to set up an inscription, I do not know how the situation in foreign countries? I don't know how it is in foreign countries, but they always like to erect a monument for fun. I think the reason why so keen, a big reason, is that the Chinese language is particularly suitable for writing inscriptions, written vertically, a line to the end, from right to left, do not have to consider what the layout, you set up a monument how wide it does not matter, you have been able to write to the end. Zaozuo, I think it is very suitable for the Chinese version of a binding, two hands outward a pull, all the contents of a glance, no need to turn the page, but the requirement is that the article can not be too long. I always think, if I can ask the ancients to help me write a phone book in the form of a sonata, then reading the phone book will be a very pleasing thing. These carriers, for the Chinese version of the same, nothing to think about, as long as your calligraphy is good words, you write out things look good, this is how strange a layout, simple and standard, as if the layout of the same thing, as in the Chinese paperwork does not exist. However, also have to think that this is a very effective layout, what kind of layout looks better than a good calligraphy?

3, turn the book backward and stand to see the book: If we pick up some of the old-fashioned point of the book, we can not help but feel strange, and even more awkward, not only inside but written vertically, turn the book to turn from the last page to turn up. In fact, imagined by the folders, the same as the relationship between the undertaking, the ancient book by the vertical line and from right to left to see the relationship between the right hand side as the first page of the inevitable. We also have an impression, that is, the feeling that the ancients often love to stand and read, they often put their hands against the back, while reading, while pacing or while reading, while looking out the window at the snow and snow in the thinking. However, I also try to stand and read, but always feel uncomfortable, one may now be too thick books, the left hand to support a very strong; two may turn the book is not as convenient as in ancient times people turn the book, ancient times is to use the right hand to the left hand of the book to the right, and now it is the right hand to the left hand of the book to the left, may be sitting down to read a book because of the habit of reasons but feel to the left to turn the book is more convenient. Third, standing to read a book will be distracted, as long as the eyes glanced outward, I do not know to see the first few lines, and those thin ancient books can be rolled up with the left hand, so that the line (vertical line) is reading in the center of the hand, want to forget to see which can not be. So now we mostly read lying down, or lying to read, and no longer stand to read. Speaking of which I would like to talk about the problem of myopia in ancient times, some people say that there are no glasses in ancient times, even if myopia we do not know, good, this is one aspect of the reason, however, the ancient books recorded a person, why not say he has eye disease, or that the reader's eyes are bad? Maybe there were not many nearsighted readers in ancient times. This is probably a matter of reading habits. However, myopia is caused by bad reading habits, no one can blame, it is true, but who has a dozen bells (this is a bad habit, but a good book in hand and who will remember to read a few bells) sitting like a plank of motionless? Instead of reading with their backs bowed, or simply lying on the bed?

2. How to copy the old text vertically

The old text is written vertically, from right to left.

Since ancient times, they were written vertically, and people watched them from right to left in one vertical line.

Horizontal writing viewed from left to right was changed after liberation.

I. Reasons

1. Before the invention of papermaking, the ancients wrote on bamboo and wooden janitorial documents. Bamboo and wood documents are narrow and long bamboo and wood pieces, with a string can be rolled into a book. So vertical writing.

Ancient bamboo writing, is a piece of a single piece written and then bound. The word "book" is the hieroglyphics of the briefcase, open the volume is the right hand end of the right hand, the left hand to unfold the convenience. Therefore, writing is also from top to bottom, from right to left.

2. Characteristics of Chinese characters and human writing habits

From the point of view of the characteristics of Chinese characters and human physiological habits, the stroke order of a character is more convenient from top to bottom, from left to right.

Because if you write horizontally from right to left, when you write the left half of the character, the brush is bound to block the right half of the character, which is not conducive to arranging the structure and affects the aesthetics.

3. Ancient people respected the right

Ancient people have a very serious idea of inferiority and superiority, which is reflected in the fact that Chinese characters are written from top to bottom and from right to left. In ancient times, the top was the ruler, the parents: the bottom was the minister, the children. Right is big, left is small.

Expanded Information:

i. Brief introduction

Brief, ancient Chinese writing with bamboo slips and pieces of wood, for the unorganized book called.

The actual is a general term for several things, referring to bamboo slips, wooden slips, bamboo documents and wooden documents.

Before the invention of paper, the janji was the dominant form of Chinese books, and had a profound impact on the book system of later generations.

Until today, the nomenclature, writing format, and writing method of books are still inherited from the traditions formed during the period of janbao.

II. Ancient text

The ancient text. It refers to the oracle bone script, jinwen, pre-Han script, and the scripts that prevailed in the six states during the Warring States period.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Jane's Letter

3. The format of the ancient vertical version of the article is how it is like a

wjsjcz: Hello.

You asked: ancient vertical layout of the article format is what kind of ah? Where is the title written? Top of the text? Name written where? The best thing is to be able to match the illustrations! You're asking a question that's too easy to solve. All you have to do is take a trip to the bookstore and you can find books in vertical format (such as the Kangxi Dictionary, the Chinese Dictionary, etc.) and take a look at them.

The words are written from the top down; the vertical lines are arranged from right to left, i.e., the first line on the right, then the second line on the right ......; the title and the number of spaces at the beginning of each paragraph are the same as in the horizontal version; and the author's name is written in the appropriate place below the title. Word has a vertical format.

But I can't paste it here, and the layout will be messed up if I do. I can send it as an attachment, but I don't know your email address, so I can't.

It would be better to send it as an attachment.

The best thing to do is to go to a bookstore.

4. Divergent paths and lost sheep article practice

古文今译原文

简版 Yang Zi's neighbor lost a sheep, both the rate of its party, and asked Yang Zi's vertical pursuit. Yang Zi said, "Hee! Dead a sheep, why chase the many?" The neighbor said: "Many divergent paths." Both against, asked: "get the sheep?" He said, "I've lost it." Said: "Why did it die?" Said: "Among the divergent paths there are also divergent. I do not know what, so also against.

The translation of this paragraph Yang Zi's neighbor lost his sheep, so he led his friends, and also invited Yang Zi's boy servant to chase after him. Yang Zi said, "Heh! Why do you need so many people to chase after a lost sheep?" The neighbor said, "There are many forks in the road." When he came back, Yang Zi asked, "Did you find the sheep?" Answer: "I let the sheep get away." Asked, "How could that be?" Answer, "There were forks among the forks, and we did not know which way to pursue, so we came back."

5. 文言文 牧竖巧逮狼

① From "Liaozhai Zhiyi". Author Pu Songling, the word Liuxian, No. Liuquan, Zichuan, Shandong (now Zibo, Shandong Province), the Qing dynasty literati. Shepherd vertical, shepherd boy; vertical, child servant.

② seek to share the catch: discuss each person to catch a coyote.

③ go: distance.

④ into the cave lost son: into the nest, found two coyotes lost.

⑤ ⑤意甚仓皇：神情非常惊慌。

⑥嗥（háo）: the cry of a wolf.

⑦号（háo））且爬抓：while roaring loudly, scratching the tree.

⑧ To: to attract.

⑨ Four Guards: looking in all directions.

⑩趋：快走，这里是 "跑向 "的意思。

11. run (páo): the same as "planing", the beast with his front paws to plow the ground.

12. Mouth without stopping sound, feet without stopping toes: the mouth keeps howling, feet keep running.

13. Amorphous: the appearance of weak breath.

14. rigid: stiff.

15. absolute: broken.

Tens of paces away from each other to reach

The wolves looked around and stopped

They were lying stiffly, with a weak breath

They called their disciples and ordered them to

Therefore, they howled and let them

Originally

The two shepherds went into the mountain to the cave of the wolves, where there were two coyotes, and they tried to catch them separately. The two shepherds went into the mountain to the wolf's den where there were two young wolves, and tried to catch them separately. The two wolves were in the cave, and they were in a hurry to get to the cave. A vertical in the tree twisted the coyote hooves, ears, so that the howl, the big wolf heard the sound look up, angrily ran under the tree, the number and scratch. The big wolf looked up at the sound and ran angrily down the tree, horning and scratching. Another vertical was in the tree again, causing the coyote to wail. The wolf heard the sound and looked back, then looked at it and saw it, and then tended to the other side of the tree, and then grabbed it as it had done before. The wolf then sounded in the tree before it, and ran to it. Mouth without stopping sound, feet without stopping toes, dozens of back and forth, running gradually late, sound gradually weaker. Both are dying and stiff, long time not move. The two shepherds erected a number of down to see, the gas has been dead

carry on, so the coyote two

Translation

The two shepherd boys went into the mountains and forests (and it happened) to walk to a wolf's nest in front of the den, there are two coyotes in the den, (the two shepherd boys) plotting to catch one each. （Each of them climbed a tree a few dozen paces away from the other. After a while, the old wolf came back, he entered the den and saw that the coyotes were gone, and looked quite anxious.

A shepherd boy twisted the feet of the coyote in the tree, and pulled its ears, making it wail; the old wolf heard the coyote's cries, and looked up and saw (the shepherd boy and the coyote), and rushed angrily to the tree, and howled as he climbed and scratched the trunk of the tree, trying to climb up. (At this time) another shepherd boy was also bullying the coyote in another tree, and the coyote wailed sharply; the old coyote (heard) stopped (its) howling and looked around, and only then did it see from afar the coyote and the shepherd boy in another tree, and it gave up this tree and ran to the other side, and ran and howled as it had done a moment before. The coyote in the first tree barked again, and it turned back and ran to the first tree. Mouth barking, feet running more than, back and forth dozens of times, running gradually slow, barking gradually weakened; in a short while, (on the exhaustion) dying, straight down on the ground, after a long time, will not move. The shepherd boy climbed down the tree to see that the old wolf was already out of breath, and got two young wolves

Feelings:

Today, the world's mighty man, furious and fierce, his hand pressed the sword, as if he were going to fight with others and even hate to eat others, but they ignored him, closed the fan, and went away peacefully. After this powerful man had made his voice heard, since there was no one to argue with him, was he not proud of himself and thought he was great? But he did not realize that this was a beast's power, and that he was only being teased by people who ignored him. (Now there is a strong son of the magnates, angrily pressing the sword, as if he will wrestle and devour; for the one who is angry, he will close the fan and go away. The man who is angry, closes his fan and goes away. He is so powerful that his voice is hoarse, and there is no one who can defeat him. I don't know the power of this beast, but people make it a play. The first is to make a play on the animal's power.

Revelation

To use wisdom to defeat enemies stronger than oneself.

Revelation Do everything with concentration, and do not be easily deceived by others