（Seal (Calligraphy) Characteristics Requirements. What is the name of the chapter in the upper right corner?

The chapter in the upper right corner, called the introductory chapter, is usually stamped next to the first character or between the first and second characters.

The chapter in the lower left corner is usually the seal of the writer himself (name seal).

A work of several chapters depends on what works, generally couplets at least two, a citation chapter, a name chapter.

While large works can be more than three chapters, small works generally 2 small chapters or a single name chapter on the line.

Expanded Information

Types

Basic Classification

There are many types of seals, basically can be divided into two categories of official seal and private seal.

1, official seal: official seal. Successive generations of official seal, each system, not only the name is different, shape, size, seal text, new style also have differences. Seal issued by the royal, on behalf of the power to distinguish between the official rank and show rank. The official seal is generally larger than the private seal, solemn and stable, more quadrilateral, with a nose button.

2, private seal: official seal other than the seal of the general term. Private seal system is complex, can be divided into various categories from the meaning of the word, text arrangement, production methods, materials and composition of the seal form.

From the meaning of the word

1, name and size of the seal: seal pattern engraved with the name of the person, epithet or number. Han people's names more than one word, its three word seal, no "seal" word that is the word seal. Since the Tang and Song dynasties began to Zhuwen two words for the positive grid, there are also under the name plus "the" word. Modern people also have engraved pen names, also belong to this type.

2, Lenten Hall seal: the ancients often for their own apartments, lodges named, and often made into seals. Tang Li Qin "end room" a seal, about the earliest of such seals.

3, the brief seal: seal in the name of the name after the addition of "Kai Shi", "Bai Shi", "speech". Today, there are "again", "respectfully sealed", "Dun head". This seal is used exclusively for correspondence.

4. Collection and Appreciation Seal: This kind of seal is mostly used for inscribing calligraphy, painting and cultural relics. It emerged in the Tang Dynasty and became more popular in the Song Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Tang had "Zhenguan", Emperor Xuanzong had "Kaiyuan" and Emperor Huizong of Song had "Xuanhe", all of which were used for the imperial collection of paintings and calligraphy.

5, collection of prints more than "collection", "collection", "collection of books", "collection of paintings", "collection", "treasures", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection", "collection".

5, the collection of printing more "collection", "collection", "collection of books", "collection of paintings", "treasures", "secret play", "books" and other words. Appreciation category more than "appreciation", "precious appreciation", "clear appreciation", "heart appreciation", "appreciation", "over the eyes", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the" and "the". "over the eyes", "eyes blessed" and other words. The proofreading class prints more than "proofreading", "examination and determination", "validation", "appraisal", "appraisal", "examination and determination", "appraisal", "appraisal", "appraisal", "appraisal", "appraisal", "appraisal" and so on. "vintage" and other words.

By seal carving content

1, seal according to the content of the seal carving to points, mainly divided into the name of the seal and the seal, outside of the name of the seal, collectively referred to as the seal. Gift seals, the content of the seal face is generally engraved name mostly, but also depending on demand. If the other side of the hobby of book collecting, can send book chapter; such as the other side of the love of painting and calligraphy, in addition to send the name chapter, you can also send the first chapter.

2, in a special holiday, or need a special commemoration, such as birth, 100 days, adulthood, marriage, golden wedding, etc., can be used to express the meaning of a seal of congratulations. Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia collectors believe that the Chinese seal carving valuable seal is both the performance of the virtuous, but also a valuable gift, according to the object, the purpose of different, gift-giving has a different preoccupation.

Recognition

1, the seal to be identified, as long as the size of the seal with the known authenticity of the seal, the text of the seal in the same position of the strokes, basically.

2, a masterpiece of calligraphy and painting, its seal should also have a certain level of art. If the seal is very poor, there is the possibility of forgery. The artistic level of the seal, mainly from the calligraphy, chapter, knife to identify, especially on the text can not be wrong, a famous painter and calligrapher, is not likely to often appear to write the wrong word, with the phenomenon of the wrong word.

3, identify the seal also look at the color of the mud, an ancient painting seal color, although it may be bright, but it will also be full of years, through the vicissitudes of change, the color will become thick and calm.

4, seal mud made of cinnabar, cinnabar color is stable, but over time the seal will also occur some changes, although the changes are small. Gold properties are stable, but new products of gold and heirloom years of gold will still be different. So the color of seals on ancient paintings and calligraphy cannot be the same as the color of seals on the works of modern people.

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