Five actions of 0 ~ 1 year-old baby.

Parents help focus on developing five movements of 0 ~ 1 year-old baby.

The baby's 0 ~ 1 year is the biggest change stage in the growth process. In addition to height and weight, babies before the age of one will also experience extremely important movements such as turning over, sitting, climbing, standing and walking. What is the development time and behavior pattern of these five movements? What points should parents pay attention to?

According to the statistics made by Professor Wang from the Department of Special Education of Chung Yuan Christian University in 2004, Cai, a physical therapist in Zhongxing Campus of Taipei United Hospital, said that as far as turning over is concerned, more than 50% babies can turn over well within six months, and 95% babies can do it within nine months. In the sitting part, about 50% of 5-month-old children can sit by themselves; Usually 6 ~ 9 months old babies can sit up independently. As for the baby of 12 months, about 95% can already crawl; 50% of babies can stand. About 50% children can learn to walk in 13 months. Kelly Chen, a pediatric attending physician in Guotai General Hospital, pointed out that the incidence of children's stunting is about 6-8%.

The importance of the five movements is most obvious in children's development.

Generally speaking, the five coarse movements can clearly observe the development of children and understand their development order; In addition, we can also check whether the brain nerves develop at a normal speed through gross exercise. Dr Kelly Chen pointed out: "Some diseases, such as brain problems, will be reflected in gross exercise first. For example, if the baby can't turn over and sit still after 8 months, it is necessary to consider whether there is abnormal brain development. Therefore, for children who are obviously backward in gross movements, we should check whether there are brain nerve development problems, which may be related to abnormal brain development, premature delivery or other congenital syndromes.

Therapist Cai Yiru added: "Turning over, sitting, climbing, standing and walking are all related to the development of nerves, bones and muscles. If they are all mature, children will gradually realize these actions, but not exactly in this order. According to the observation of therapist Cai, some children will stand first, walk first and climb first. You don't have to climb before you can stand up and walk. The most important thing is to know what mobility your child will have according to his age.

But in principle, most babies will turn over first, then sit up and learn to stand and walk slowly. For children, these sports are the earliest way to explore the environment. From turning over, he can see different worlds. Unlike lying on your back, you can only see the scenery above the ceiling or eyes. When he began to sit, climb and stand, his vision was different and he had more interaction with the environment.

Generally speaking, if you are not obviously backward, you can still catch up. For example, Dr. Kelly Chen explained that a 6-month-old baby usually turns over, but it will not turn over until 9 months, and its development will be slower. Parents should pay attention to whether their children have problems such as coordination and sensory integration, or other fine motor or language development problems.

Most of the factors of poor development are due to the lack of * * *

If the five movements are not well developed, Dr. Kelly Chen said, "First of all, we should rule out brain nerve problems, including congenital brain dysplasia or brain inflammation such as brain injury or even meningitis. In addition, it may be complicated with other genetic syndromes or some metabolic problems. In addition, skeletal and muscular dysplasia will also affect the development of the five movements, but doctors need to make differential diagnosis. For example, spinal muscular dystrophy is caused by the problems of spinal nerves that dominate muscles, which leads to the backwardness or degeneration of gross movements. But part of the reason for the poor development is that * * * is not trained enough. For example, some parents often hold or carry their children because they are afraid of crying, which reduces the chances for their children to practice rock climbing.

According to the clinical experience of therapist Cai, most of the reasons for children's five major motor stunts are * * *. Especially now that there are fewer children, parents cherish their children. Sometimes babies cry because they are uncomfortable lying down. Parents often immediately pick them up and comfort them, without giving them the opportunity to learn to turn over, sit and stand. Gradually, the child's skeletal system can't mature, and it is becoming less and less energetic and inactive. Therapist Cai pointed out: "Even some parents think that their children will leave when they are older, which is actually a misunderstanding. 」

The five major movements of children's development "1" turn over.

Time: 4 ~ 6 months

Turning over is an important development of baby's pre-sitting movements, and it also represents the gradual development and maturity of nerves, bones, muscles and other parts. Usually the order of turning over is from lying to lying, and then from lying to lying, but not every child develops like this. In addition, the 4-month-old baby will turn over slightly, but may not turn over. Dr. Kelly Chen reminded: "Parents should pay special attention during this period, and don't let the baby accidentally fall off the bed at the moment of turning over. 」

When the baby turns over, he is also practicing the coordination of movements. Therapist Cai explained: "First of all, when he turned over, he didn't have a section. His hands and feet fell to the same side together. At 6 months, it is a stage turning point, that is, the hand moves first and the foot moves again; Or move your feet first and then change hands. 」

Give your child more training and take him to do it.

Situation: Small hands get stuck easily.

When the baby 1 ~ 2 months old, there will be "asymmetric neck tension" reflex. Dr Kelly Chen explained that the "asymmetric neck tension" reflex usually disappears, so the baby can turn over. This reflex is a primitive reflex, which exists in the brain at birth. But as the brain matures with age, this reflex will gradually disappear, and then the baby will turn over. Therefore, when the baby turns over, the hand will get stuck, which is not necessarily related to the strength of the left and right hands. In principle, if his brain is mature enough, he can do this action, as long as the adults help him a little.

Sometimes the baby just starts to turn over, and may not know how to turn over, and his hands don't press down. Therapist Cai pointed out: "You can give your child more training and take him to do it. Sometimes he learns from his mistakes and becomes better and better. If you are still stuck in one hand when you turn over in 6 or 7 months, you may wish to observe whether your baby can stand up by himself at ordinary times. Is his hand weak? And pay attention to whether there is anything wrong with his nerves, muscles or bones.

Parents' supplementary points: let him play more on his stomach and don't wear too many clothes.

When parents help the baby turn over, they advise him to lie down. When he lies down, his head will want to be lifted. At this time, he can train the muscle strength of the trunk, and he can control the strength by himself. Therefore, when the baby's muscle strength is not enough to turn over, Dr. Kelly Chen pointed out: "Let him play on his stomach when he is awake. In addition, in autumn and winter, don't let children wear too many or too thick clothes, so as not to hinder the baby from turning over. If the baby's figure is round, you can help the baby put his hand under his body to make it easier for him to turn over.

In addition, when parents are training their baby, the therapist Cai suggested: "You can put him on a bed sheet or a big towel and let him tilt slightly, so that the child has some strength to turn to the other side." You can also use it when practicing in bed or on the ground. His parents took his hand and foot and turned to the same side together.

Action 2 Sit down.

Time: 6 ~ 8 months

Sitting steadily, Dr. Kelly Chen analyzed: "It means that the baby's neck development is slowly stable, and the development of bones, nervous system and muscle coordination ability is gradually mature; It also means that the trunk is getting stronger and stronger. Generally speaking, children need help and support from adults when they start sitting up in 6 months. Therapist Cai pointed out, "It takes about 7 to 8 months to sit alone. 」

A 6-month-old baby can't sit still and usually needs support, so it is not recommended to let him sit for too long, depending on his development and ability. By 7 months, the baby can stand up by himself, but he may still lean to the right or left or even lean forward. It takes about 8 or 9 months to sit still.

Situation problem: Don't let the child sit for more than half an hour.

In an unnatural sitting position, such as putting the child in a stroller or car seat, it is not recommended to stay for more than half an hour to avoid bending the child's spine. Dr Kelly Chen pointed out: "Even if parents put their children in a cradle made of cloth for a long time, it will make the spine bend more severely. 」

Parents' auxiliary focus: creating a safe environment

As for the help of parents, when the baby is practicing sitting posture for 5-6 months and still learning to support the body, he can sit behind or in front of the baby and hold his pelvis or waist with his hands to help him sit still. Therapist Cai Yiru explained: "If the child sits steady, let him try to play with toys with one hand and the other. If he sits steadily, parents can occasionally let go of his hand and observe his sitting posture. If he is unstable, he will soon stabilize.

Adults should accompany the baby when he practices sitting. Never let the baby sit on the bed alone, lest he fall off the bed. In addition, a child sitting on the floor can put a cushion on the floor to prevent him from falling to the ground and hitting the floor. Generally speaking, 6-month-old children are still restless. Dr. Chen suggested: "You can surround him with big towels and quilts as a safety aid. 」

In the development of crawling, at first, children used crawling methods.

Put the toy in front of him and let him hold it.

When the baby is 4 months old, because his small muscles have developed, he will try to catch things, so parents can move some bright toys to him and let him catch them. At the age of 6 or 7 months, you can put toys in front of him, let him take the initiative to catch them, and at the same time train the opportunity of hand-eye coordination.

Action 3: Climb

Time: 8 ~ 9 months

In the development of crawling, at first, children will adopt the crawling way of crawling forward, and then gradually become the crawling way of dogs kneeling on all fours. Some parents found that the baby was climbing with his hands and worried about his feet. In this regard, Dr. Kelly Chen explained: "In fact, at this stage, the baby's foot strength development is still insufficient. If parents rule out the problem of feet, let him practice more, and gradually he will find a posture with coordinated hands and feet. For example, some children just started to climb, because the strength of their hands is great, they shrink back; It is also possible that one side is stronger than the other, causing him to turn around.

Therapist Cai Yiru further explained that some children don't like crawling because their hands and feet are not strong enough to support the whole body. There are also children who crawl with the same hands and feet at first, and then slowly learn to crawl with the opposite hands and feet, which is the beginning of early coordination.

Situation problem: leave one foot to observe first.

Sometimes when the baby is crawling, parents will find that he has one foot left behind. Don't worry, see if it gradually becomes two feet. Therapist Cai pointed out: "If after one or two months' observation, only one foot is left behind, it is recommended to ask a doctor to check it first to determine whether this foot has other bone problems. If you are sure that there is no problem, let the baby climb freely, but only if his hands and feet are symmetrical on both sides and his strength development is no problem.

Parents' auxiliary points: 1 Do a good job of safety protection, and 2 induce children to climb.

When the baby crawls, parents should pay attention to several key points when assisting. Dr. Kelly Chen reminded:

(1) When crawling, children at this stage like to put things in their mouths, so be careful with drugs, sharp objects or small things. In addition, for sharp parts of furniture, such as table corners, safety measures should also be taken. Babies should crawl within the sight of their parents. Never leave children alone in the living room when adults are cooking in the kitchen. Neglecting children can be dangerous.

(2) Try to give your baby a chance to crawl. You can use colorful, rich and interesting toys, such as colored and acousto-optic toys, to induce and attract your baby to crawl forward. But the therapist Cai pointed out: "don't let the baby crawl on the soft bed, it will make him unable to crawl;" It is recommended to crawl in hard places, such as floors and boards. In addition, it is best to lay a mat first to avoid the baby falling to the ground and getting hurt. 」

Action 4 station

Time: 9 ~ 10 months, standing with support; 10 ~ 1 1 month, let go. Usually children can learn to stand slowly through support in 9 months, and they can stand independently in about 10 months. However, the therapist Cai observed that some children are developing faster now, maybe one month faster than this time.

Situation: O-legs are normal, so don't worry.

At this stage, some parents are worried about their children's O-legs. Dr Kelly Chen explained: "It is normal to have O-legs when you are 0-2 years old. In principle, as long as the baby's walking posture is no problem, it can be observed for a period of time. 」

Therapist Cai Yiru further explained: "It is normal for newborns to have O-legs, mainly because of bones, which is physiological. It takes about 1 ~ 2 years to put the whole knee together. 」

Dr. Chen also pointed out that this is a normal phenomenon in the development process and there is no need to worry too much. However, if parents find that the baby walks steadily, but often falls down, they should pay more attention. It may be that the strength of the child's ankle or foot is insufficient, or the center of gravity of the ankle standing posture is incorrect, and the center of gravity is on the inside or outside of the foot, which will affect the coordination of walking when he grows up in the future, so he must find a doctor to check and evaluate.

0 ~ 2 years old, it is normal to have O-legs.

Standing for too long will not affect the leg shape.

In addition to worrying about the baby's O-leg, parents often ask whether the baby's standing for too long will affect the leg shape. Therapist Cai said: "It depends on how long the baby stands. Generally speaking, it will not be serious enough to affect the leg shape. After all, children will not stand for long when they start to learn to stand. In addition, some baby learning stations are developing rapidly, and parents are worried that they may oppress their children's legs and even inhibit their standing ability. In this regard, the therapist Cai believes that because children of 5 or 6 months are in the reflex pedaling stage, it is not recommended to let them stand; After about 9 months or 10 months, there is no problem standing and walking.

Parents' auxiliary focus

When the baby begins to learn to stand, parents can let him hold a short table or stable items such as bed railings and furniture, and let him practice standing and stand stably with the help of supports. If the baby is still unstable, therapist Cai suggested, "Parents can help him by holding his hips in the back. 」

Action 5 "Start"

Time: 10 ~ 15 months

Walking means that the baby has three conditions. Dr. Kelly Chen explained: "(1) can make fists independently, using fingers and toes; (2) Leg muscle strength can support its own weight; (3) can flexibly shift the center of gravity of all parts of the body and use the joints of limbs. 」

Condition: Intermittent toe pads are normal, but the durability should be checked.

When parents found the baby walking on tiptoe, Dr. Chen pointed out: "It is normal for children of this age to occasionally have intermittent toe pads, but it is best for doctors to diagnose whether the toe pads are persistent and find out whether the ankle tendons are too tight or the brain is abnormally developed. 」

Therapist Cai further added that if the baby has been walking on tiptoe, it may be necessary to check whether the angle of the ankle joint is limited or too tight. The simple way to judge is to let the baby lie down and relax. Parents try to gently push the baby's ankle with their hands. If they feel nervous and can't push, there may be a problem.

Crab carts can't help children learn to stand and walk.

Many parents will let their baby sit on a crab cart, thinking that this will help him learn to stand and walk. Therapist Cai clarified: "This is a wrong idea. Crab carts can't help children learn to stand and walk. Furthermore, when a child sits on a crab cart, he can slide far with a little toe pedal, which will make the child used to padding his toes for a long time. In addition, when children sit inside, they will hit the crab car at most during the sliding process, which makes it difficult for children to understand what is a safe or unsafe environment.

In addition, Dr. Kelly Chen added that if children's strength is not well balanced, it may cause the crab cart to overturn or hit furniture, which will increase the danger and may also delay children's walking time. Therefore, it is not recommended to let the baby be a crab cart.

Children's poor grasp of strength may lead to the rollover of crab cars.

Don't let the baby sit on his knee.

At this stage, babies often sit down by themselves after walking. Therapist Cai reminded: "Parents should pay attention to whether their children are in a W-shaped sitting position, especially children with loose ligaments and low tension like to sit like this. They should always pay attention to and correct them and gently pull out their feet and swing forward. In addition, for children with unstable hip joints, W-shaped sitting posture is easy to cause dislocation.

Parents' auxiliary focus

At the beginning of the safe environment, let the baby practice walking sideways and let him follow the table slowly. However, the therapist Cai reminded: "Parents should pay attention to the surrounding environment, and the baby may catch something on the table when walking sideways. Choose shoes suitable for your baby If your baby walks steadily, parents can choose shoes suitable for walking. Dr. Kelly Chen suggested, "Give priority to shoes with hard soles and ankles. It is not recommended to let children wear sandals or slippers. Because the ankle support and stability of children at this stage are not so good, choosing shoes with strong ankle coverage has a plus effect on the stability of children's walking. In addition, it is best to choose shoes with hard soles instead of soft soles. Shoes with soft soles will make it harder for your baby to walk. The five movements of children's development have a certain order. If the maturity is enough, naturally he can do it. Dr. Kelly Chen often meets parents and asks if the baby is ready to stand too early. In principle, there is no need to restrain a child if he is strong enough to stand up quickly. However, the most common thing is that parents are overprotective, such as picking up the baby when crying, or not letting him practice crawling on the ground because he is worried about the dirty floor, which will affect the child's development.

Once it is found that the baby's sports ability can't keep up with the development speed, it is recommended to ask a doctor to evaluate whether there are other complications. For example, children with congenital hypotonia may need more training to catch up with sports development, which must be found and trained early to achieve better results.

Infant growth chart