What is petrochemical?

What is petrochemical? In different scientific fields, a lot of knowledge is inspired by us, and the market between various fields is also very valuable. Fossilization is a variable process that needs to be explored in our life. What's here? What's petrochemical?

What is petrochemical? 1 petrochemical industry, referred to as petrochemical industry. Generally refers to the chemical industry with oil and natural gas as raw materials. A wide variety of products. Crude oil is cracked, reformed and separated to provide basic raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene. From these basic raw materials, various basic organic raw materials can be prepared, such as methanol, formaldehyde, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, isopropanol, acetone and phenol.

It is an important part of chemical industry, occupies an important position in the development of national economy and is one of the pillar industries in China. Petrochemical refers to the processing industry that produces petroleum products and petrochemical products with petroleum and natural gas as raw materials.

Petroleum products, also known as petroleum products, mainly include various fuel oils (gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, etc. ) and lubricating oil, as well as liquefied petroleum gas, petroleum coke, paraffin, asphalt, etc. The process of producing these products is often called petroleum refining. Petrochemical products are obtained by further chemical processing of crude oil provided by refining process. The first step in the production of petrochemical products is to crack raw oil and gas (such as propane, gasoline, diesel oil, etc.). ) to produce basic chemical raw materials represented by ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene and xylene. The second step is to produce all kinds of organic chemical raw materials (about 200 kinds) and synthetic materials (plastics, synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber) from basic chemical raw materials.

The production of these two-step products belongs to the category of petrochemical industry. Continuous processing of organic chemical raw materials can produce more kinds of chemical products, which usually does not belong to the scope of petrochemical industry. In some data, synthetic ammonia, urea and even nitric acid extracted from natural gas, light gasoline and heavy oil are also listed in the petrochemical industry.

2. Basic raw materials

There are four basic raw materials in petrochemical industry: alkynes (acetylene), olefins (ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene), aromatics (benzene, toluene and xylene) and synthesis gas. From these basic raw materials, various important organic chemical products and synthetic materials can be prepared, such as natural gas chemical industry.

The chemical industry based on natural gas is referred to as natural gas chemical industry for short. Its main contents are: 1, making carbon black from natural gas; 2, extracting helium from natural gas; 3. Hydrogen production from natural gas; 4. Ammonia production from natural gas; 5. Producing methanol from natural gas; 6. Making acetylene from natural gas; 7, natural gas to methyl chloride; 8. Preparation of carbon tetrachloride from natural gas; 9, natural gas to nitromethane; 10, making carbon disulfide from natural gas; 1 1, producing ethylene from natural gas; 12, sulfur production from natural gas, etc.

classify

Refineries can be divided into four types. 1, fuel oil produces gasoline, kerosene, light and heavy diesel oil and boiler fuel. 2. The fuel and lubricating oil type not only produces various fuels, but also produces various lubricating oils. 3. Fuel chemicals mainly produce fuel oil and chemical products. 4. Fuel Lubricating Oil Chemical Type It is a comprehensive refinery, which not only produces various fuels, chemical raw materials or products, but also produces lubricating oil.

3. The meaning of action

1. Petrochemical industry is the main supplier of energy.

Petrochemical industry, mainly refers to gasoline, kerosene, diesel, heavy oil and natural gas produced by petroleum refining, and is the main supply oil of major energy sources at present.

Who? China produced 80 million tons of fuel oil in 1995. At present, the world oil and gas consumption accounts for about 60% of the total energy consumption; Because China uses a lot of coal, the consumption of oil is less than 20%. The energy provided by petrochemical industry is mainly used as fuel for automobiles, tractors, airplanes, ships and boilers, and a small amount is used as civil fuel. Energy is a factor that restricts the development of China's national economy. The energy consumed by petrochemical industry accounts for about 8.5% of the total energy, so energy consumption should be continuously reduced.

Second, the petrochemical industry is one of the pillars of the material industry.

Metal, inorganic nonmetallic materials and polymer synthetic materials are called three major materials. At present, the output of polymer synthetic materials provided by the world petrochemical industry is about 65.438+0.45 billion tons, which has exceeded 8 million tons in China. In addition to synthetic materials, the petrochemical industry also provides most organic chemical raw materials. In the field of chemical industry, in addition to the chemical products provided by chemical minerals, raw materials produced by petrochemical industry have shown their talents in various departments.

Third, the petrochemical industry has promoted the development of agriculture.

Agriculture is the basic industry of our national economy. Nitrogen fertilizer provided by petrochemical industry accounts for 80% of the total chemical fertilizer. The popularization and use of agricultural plastic film, the rational use of pesticides and a large number of various fuels needed by agricultural machinery have formed the main force of petrochemical industry to support agriculture.

Fourth, the industrial sector is inseparable from petrochemical products.

The development of modern transportation industry is closely related to fuel supply. It is no exaggeration to say that without fuel, there would be no modern transportation industry. Metal processing and all kinds of machinery need all kinds of lubricating materials and other supporting materials without exception, which consumes a lot of petrochemical products.

The world output of lubricating oil is about 20 million tons, and that of China is about 6.5438+0.8 million tons. Building materials industry is a new field of petrochemical products, such as plastic materials, doors and windows, floor materials, coatings, etc., which are called chemical building materials. Light industry and textile industry are traditional users of petrochemical products, and the development and promotion of new materials, new processes and new products are all petrochemical products. At present, the rapid development of electronic industry and many high-tech industries has put forward new requirements for petrochemical products, especially fine chemical products produced by petrochemical products, which has greatly promoted the development of petrochemical industry.

4. Development trend

In 20 1 1 year, the petroleum and chemical industries achieved steady and rapid growth, further improved their benefits, further improved their operation quality, accelerated the pace of industrial structure upgrading, extended their product technologies to high-end fields, achieved remarkable results in energy conservation and emission reduction, improved resource utilization efficiency, sustained and rapid growth in imports and exports, steadily accelerated investment, and basically stabilized market supply and demand, thus achieving the goal of a good start in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

20 1 1 year, the total output value of enterprises above designated size in the whole industry 1 1.28 trillion yuan, up 31.5% year-on-year; The total profit was 807.065438 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of18.83%; The main business income was 65,438+00.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 30.44%; The total assets were 7.74 trillion yuan, up by18.73%; The number of employees was 6,695,300, an increase of 8.59%. Investment in industrial fixed assets 1.43 trillion yuan, an increase of 23.4%.

Among them, the investment in fixed assets in oil and gas exploration industry was 272.035 billion yuan, up by 12.2%, accounting for19% of the total investment in the whole industry; Investment in fixed assets of petroleum processing industry147.2 billion yuan, up by 14.7%, accounting for10.29% of the whole industry; The investment in fixed assets of chemical industry was 96065438+0.26 billion yuan, up by 28.654.38+0%, which was 4.7 percentage points higher than the average increase of the whole industry, accounting for 67.654.38+0.3%. The total import and export volume of the industry was US$ 60,765,438+US$ 46 million, up 32.3%, and the trade deficit was US$ 262.46 billion, up 38%.

Among them, the total import and export volume of oil and natural gas exploration industry was 208.547 billion US dollars, up by 47.2%, accounting for 34.35% of the total import and export volume of the industry; The total import and export volume of petroleum processing industry was US$ 62.345 billion, up by 32%, accounting for 65.438+00.3% of the industry. The total import and export volume of the chemical industry was US$ 323.996 billion, up 24.6% year-on-year, accounting for 53.4% of the whole industry.

20 10 international oil price will remain at a high level, which will bring greater cost pressure to the basic chemical industry. 20 12 predicts that the global economic growth will further slow down, the European debt crisis will become the primary risk factor, and the world oil supply and demand will tend to be loose. Overall, the international oil price will be lower than 20 1 1. It is estimated that WTI oil price is 90- 100 USD/barrel, and Brent oil price is 105 USD/barrel, and the price difference between them will be reduced.

The leading factors affecting international oil prices mainly include the development of the world economy, the trend of the US dollar and the geopolitical situation in the Middle East. In the short term, the continuous warming of the situation in Iran makes this wave of international oil prices rise, but in the medium and long term, the most important factor leading the trend of international oil prices is the growth rate of the world economy. In 20 12, the European economy was struggling, the American economy was struggling to recover, the growth rate of emerging market countries slowed down, and the global economy is likely to face further decline, so it is difficult for oil prices to exceed the level of 20 1 1.

However, due to the expectation of loose liquidity and the complex evolution of the situation in the Middle East, it is expected that the international oil price will remain at a high level. High oil price operation is good for upstream oil exploration-related enterprises, but for downstream basic chemical enterprises, the squeeze of cost end is even worse in the case of low demand end. In 20 12, the total investment in global oil and gas exploration and development reached a new high, increasing by 10% on the basis of 20 18%, reaching $598 billion, with an increase of more than 10% for three consecutive years. The hot spots of exploration and development will still be deepwater and unconventional oil and gas.

China will pay more attention to the investment in oil and gas exploration and development, which is mainly determined by China's energy structure. China's energy structure is "rich in coal, poor in oil and poor in gas", and its dependence on oil and gas is getting higher and higher. 20 1 1, and the external dependence of petroleum crude oil exceeds 55%. The huge demand for oil and gas in China forces the government and enterprises to intensify oil and gas exploration and development. At the same time, the state has also issued a series of policy plans, such as the Strategic Action Plan for Prospecting Breakthrough (20 1 1-2020) and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for various sub-sectors, which emphasizes the need to strengthen the exploration and development of related oil and gas resources. The next Twelfth Five-Year Plan period is an important opportunity for oil and gas exploration and development in China. [2]

5. Output value

The operation data of petrochemical industry released by the National Development and Reform Commission on February 27th were 20 12, 12, 12, and the total industrial output value of petrochemical industry was 985.39 billion yuan, up by 12.5% year-on-year. Among them, the chemical industry was 653.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of13.6%; The petroleum refining industry was 3,048.6 billion yuan, up 9.3% year-on-year.

The National Development and Reform Commission predicts that the annual output value will reach 1 1 trillion yuan in 2065, with a year-on-year increase of 438+02.5%. During the period of 1- 1 1, the industrial added value of petrochemical industry increased by about 9.9% year-on-year, of which the oil refining industry increased by 6. 1% and the chemical industry increased by1.6%. It is estimated that the year-on-year growth rate will be around 10%.

6. Daily life

Petrochemical products are closely related to people's lives, ranging from spaceships, airplanes in the sky, ships at sea, trains and cars on land to computers, desks, toothbrushes, towels, food packaging containers, colorful costumes, various building materials and decoration supplies and ever-changing amusement equipment that we use every day. It can be said that everything in our daily life is inseparable from petrochemical products.

clothes

Clothes are no longer limited to keeping warm. We dress more to beautify our lives and enhance our self-confidence. The influence of petrochemical products on human clothing is mainly the clothing revolution brought by synthetic fibers and artificial leather.

● Fiber Clothing Since China began to develop the synthetic fiber industry in 1959, it has been processed into various synthetic fiber garments such as acrylic fiber, polyester fiber, vinylon and nylon, which has solved people's clothing problems. A synthetic fiber factory, which covers an area of only about 4,000 square meters, can produce 90,000 tons of fiber every year, while to produce the same amount of wool, it takes 1600 square kilometers of land to harvest 90,000 tons of cotton and 40,000 square kilometers of pasture.

● Artificial leather Natural leather is limited by resources, animal protection and processing technology, and its use cost is high. Artificial leather is the earliest invented substitute for leather fabric. It is made of polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer and other additives by calendering and compounding on cloth. It has the advantages of low price, rich colors and diverse patterns. Polyurethane PU artificial leather and composite artificial leather are a new generation of products compared with PVC artificial leather, which are closer to leather fabrics. PU artificial leather is suitable for making leather shoes, bags, jackets and sofa cushions.

eat

As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for people, and food is the most basic need for human survival.

The petrochemical industry has improved the production efficiency of agricultural products and livestock products. Due to the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the grain output has increased, and the grain production capacity of farmers has increased by at least 40%.

The plastic wrap and all kinds of food packaging boxes used in our daily life are made of synthetic resin. These food packaging materials prolong the shelf life of food and make our life more convenient and rich.

on one's pins

Housing is no longer just a shelter for modern people. People's requirements for "housing" should not only be beautiful and durable, but also be fireproof and noise-proof. The construction industry is the largest plastic user after the packaging industry, such as plastic floor tiles, carpets, plastic pipes, wallboard, paints and so on. , is also a petrochemical product. Environmentally friendly wood-plastic and aluminum-plastic composites have largely replaced wood and metal.

In addition to building materials, furniture and household items are all petrochemical products.

The use of gas freed people from the smoggy days of burning coal and firewood.

line

Nowadays, it is no longer difficult to take Wan Li Road. Modern means of transportation such as cars, trains, ships and airplanes have brought convenience and enjoyment to human travel, and it is petrochemical industry that provides power fuel for these means of transportation.

Petrochemical products such as plastics, rubber, coatings and adhesives have been widely used in transportation, reducing manufacturing costs and improving performance. The plastic parts of an automobile account for about 7% ~ 20% of its weight. For every decrease of 10%, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 6% ~ 8%.

In a word, petrochemical industry provides all kinds of daily necessities for human beings, enabling us to enjoy a comfortable and convenient high standard of life.

What is petrochemical? 2 1. Substantial difference: petroleum is one of the main targets of geological exploration, and it is a viscous dark brown liquid called "industrial blood". There are oil reserves in some parts of the upper crust. Petrochemical refers to petrochemical industry, which generally refers to the chemical industry with oil and natural gas as raw materials.

2. Different application scope: petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and it is also the raw material of many chemical products, such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics. Petrochemical has a wide range of applications and many products.

3. Different components and raw materials: the main components and raw materials of petroleum are mixtures of various alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons; The raw materials of petrochemical components are alkynes, olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic gas, from which various important organic chemical products and synthetic materials, natural gas chemical industry, can be made.

7, emission standards

This standard is formulated to implement the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Air Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and other laws and regulations, protect the environment, prevent pollution, and promote the technological progress and sustainable development of the petrochemical industry. This standard specifies the discharge limits, monitoring, supervision and management requirements of water pollutants and air pollutants in petrochemical enterprises and their production facilities. The corresponding national pollutant discharge standards apply to the odor pollutants and environmental noise discharged by petrochemical enterprises, and the corresponding national solid waste pollution control standards apply to the identification, treatment and disposal of the generated solid waste. Supporting power boilers shall implement the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boilers or the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants. This standard was first published. Emission standard of pollutants in petrochemical industry