Citizens' Environmental and Ecological Awareness and Its Measurement Research Paper

Methods to realize the improvement of citizens' environmental awareness 1. Establish a cultural atmosphere of environmental protection and enhance citizens' environmental awareness. China is a nation with a complete environmental culture system. From the ancient times when our ancestors created and worshipped all kinds of nature gods, the formation of the traditional environmental culture system centered on the philosophical proposition of "the unity of heaven and mankind" is one of the most valuable treasures left to us by our ancestors. This culture has not only been the basis for the environmental awareness of the entire nation from generation to generation, but it has also always played a role in reality. It has permeated people's way of life in the form of cultural factors that provide them with a rational yardstick for dealing with the relationship between human beings and nature. The extension and development of Chinese civilization is inseparable from the profound environmental culture of the Chinese nation. If a nation loses this cultural foundation, it will lose its way in dealing with nature. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize the whole society to pay attention to and participate in the formation of a strong cultural atmosphere for environmental protection. In order to create a cultural atmosphere for environmental protection, it is first necessary to update people's concepts of the environment, correctly understand and deal with the relationship between human beings and nature, and between development and the environment, and to make the general public realize that human beings are the products of long-term development in nature, and that human beings are a part of the natural world. The Earth's environment is the wealth of all people (including modern and future generations) and all living things, and no one can disregard the stability and balance of the ecosystem for the sake of local and small-group interests. In order to build and develop, we must protect the environment, follow nature and respect its laws, and change values, ways of thinking and lifestyles that run counter to nature. The traditional concepts of "inexhaustible" and "inexhaustible" natural resources should be replaced by new concepts of "limited resources" and "resources have a price". The new concepts of "resources are limited" and "resources have a price" should be replaced by the new concepts of "resources are limited" and "resources have a price", and the ecological concept of nature, in which man and nature live in harmony and **exist** and prosper, should be replaced by the powerful concept of nature, in which man is the master of nature. Secondly, we should establish and improve an environmental education system with Chinese characteristics, strengthen public information and publicity, and create a public opinion atmosphere conducive to the development of environmental protection. A system of environmental education in schools should be gradually established, with the education department taking the lead and the environmental department actively cooperating. Various methods should be adopted to infiltrate environmental education into all aspects of education and teaching in schools, and efforts should be made to improve the quality and effectiveness of environmental education. They should also actively carry out activities to create green schools. Environmental education and training for leading cadres should be intensified. Emphasis should be placed on environmental education for farmers, and environmental publicity and education activities should be carried out in the countryside. Accordingly, the role of the press, radio, television, and other news media should be to form a multilevel pattern of environmental education, to instill in the public the concept of human dependence on the environment; to introduce the existing environmental situation and the trend of environmental change caused by human activities; to describe the human tragedy brought about by environmental degradation; and to reveal that uncontrolled human behavior will lead to our own destruction. Through publicity, a sense of environmental crisis is y implanted in the hearts of the public, stimulating a sense of responsibility and participation among the public, so that environmental awareness is strengthened through education and becomes a habit, and participation in environmental protection becomes a conscious behavior. At the same time, we carefully plan and organize activities for important environmental anniversaries, such as World Environment Day, and carry out large-scale activities such as "Environment Awareness Week" and "Environmental Culture Festival" that are creative, influential and effective, so as to widely develop and y mobilize citizens to participate in environmental protection. We will mobilize and motivate citizens to participate in these activities. This will create a cultural atmosphere for environmental protection. Once again, starting from the actual situation in each region, we will mobilize the masses*** to formulate norms of environmental behavior, and strive to infiltrate into the daily lives of citizens the awareness and action of protecting the environment and rationally utilizing and conserving resources. We are advocating green and civilized living habits, consumer attitudes and environmental values. The creation of "green communities" should be gradually incorporated into the overall goals of civilized community building and spiritual civilization building. 2. Expand environmental rights and interests and raise environmental awareness. Raising environmental awareness by expanding environmental rights and interests means linking the process of raising environmental awareness with the protection and improvement of people's immediate interests. By giving people more and more environmental rights and interests, we can enhance their understanding of, concern for, and action on environmental issues. Expanded environmental rights and interests include: 1) The right to monitor the environment. The right to environmental supervision is the right given by law to social organizations and individual citizens to supervise acts that harm the environment. Article 6 of the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "All units and individuals have the duty to protect the environment, and have the right to report and file complaints against units and individuals who pollute or damage the environment." Although the above-mentioned laws cover certain aspects of environmental rights to a certain extent, they do not have any substantive rights, and victims cannot directly invoke them in order to request specific judicial protection. This greatly discourages citizens from fighting against environmental hazards and deprives them of a solid legal guarantee to participate in environmental management. Therefore, the Basic Law on the Environment should specify the rights of citizens to sunlight, ventilation, peace, clean water, clean air, etc. If one of these rights is jeopardized, it will be impossible to directly authorize citizens to apply for judicial protection. If one of the above rights is jeopardized, citizens can take the weapon of law to defend their rights, so as to make public participation in environmental protection possible and feasible, and to raise citizens' awareness of participation in environmental protection. Expand the public's right to know about the environment. The right to environmental information is the right of citizens and social organizations to collect, know and understand information related to environmental issues and policies. Environmental information includes the following: bulletins on the state of the environment, weekly (daily) reports on air quality, and data on emissions from certain polluting enterprises. At present, there has been some expansion of citizens' right to environmental information, such as the frequent occurrence of sandstorms and dust storms in the north of China in recent years, the announcement of urban air quality on TV, and the exposure of some polluting enterprises. However, there is still a large gap in the right to environmental information. This is reflected in citizens' lack of information about the environmental behavior of individual enterprises. There are no provisions in China for an environmental information disclosure system for enterprises, and although enterprises are obligated to declare and register their emissions with the government, there is no legal requirement that the information in these declarations must be disclosed to the public. Citizens are relatively blind to these enterprises. At the same time, citizens' need for high-quality environmental information is not being effectively met. The public wants to know not only what the state of the environment is, but also the conclusions of analyses related to the state of the environment, and the reasons for the state of the environment, but the supply of this information is insufficient. In addition, citizens do not know enough about the process by which the government implements environmental policies, nor do they know much about the process by which the government protects the environment. The right to environmental information is the basis for exercising the right to environmental supervision. Only by publicizing information on the state of the environment and environmental protection work, and expanding citizens' right to know about the environment, can we provide the necessary conditions for citizens to pay attention to environmental protection and participate in environmental monitoring and consulting on the finalization of major projects. Only by publicizing information on the state of the environment and environmental protection work can we provide the necessary conditions for citizens to pay attention to environmental protection and to participate in environmental supervision and consultation on major projects. The expansion of social and environmental rights and interests is an important way to raise environmental awareness.