What is the genre of Shandong Guzheng in Mountain Flowing Water?

"Mountain Flowing Water" is a representative work of guzheng music. But there are three versions of Running Water in the Mountains, one is Shandong Zheng School, the other is Zhejiang Zheng School, and the other is Henan Zheng School. There are three versions because the tunes are completely different, not because of the different playing techniques.

Shandong Guzheng School has a long history and tradition, and has accumulated rich playing experience and techniques. Shandong Zheng music is full of rich, beautiful and rich artistic features, just like Shandong people's simple, enthusiastic and bold character.

According to the "Warring States Policy Qi Ce" records:

Linzi is rich and practical, and the people are happy, playing drums and playing the piano.

Therefore, many people call Shandong Zheng "Zheng Qi". Its spread is mainly in Heze and Liaocheng in western Shandong, especially in Heze, where folk music is very popular and has produced many talents in folk rap, opera and folk instrumental music, and is known as the "hometown of guzheng".

The guzheng teaching system in these two areas is different, and the repertoire is also different. However, most of the traditional ancient music is a title song with the structure of "eight boards" with a length of 68 boards, and there is not much difference in playing techniques. There are few guzheng inheritors and guzheng songs in Liaocheng area, and their traditional guzheng songs are mainly handed down by Mr. Jin Zhuonan and Mr. Jin in Liaocheng area. Because the traditional guzheng music in Liaocheng area has not been circulated in Shandong and the whole country, its history and spectrum need to be further sorted out and explored, so the concept of "Shandong Guzheng" customarily refers only to the guzheng in Heze area.

Shandong Zheng music is mostly directly related to Shandong Qin Shu and folk music. Most of them are Gongdiao, which consists of eight boards. Some of them are piano pieces that appear as a prelude to the piano book, similar to Henan Bantou, and there are 68 "big banqu", such as Autumn Moon in Han Palace and Book Delivered by Hongyan.

In the folk, Shandong Zheng music often uses the form of divertimento ensemble to express various musical images, such as bamboo, nightingale and so on. In addition, it also evolved from Qin Shu's singing and qupai, such as Fengxiang Song and Broken Bridge.

Cao Zhi wrote a poem: "Playing the zither is exciting and loud, and the new sound is as wonderful as a god", which vividly describes the prevailing situation of guzheng art at that time. Shandong Zheng music changes its music according to local rap and folk tunes. Its structure is simple, the rhythm is changeable, the melody is beautiful and soft, and it has a strong local flavor. By using concise and effective methods, his works exude the flavor of the times in the folk atmosphere.

Shandong Zheng used to use 15 string, with seven old string outside and eight strings inside, commonly known as "seven old Ba Shao". Shandong Zheng School, known as the "Qilu Grand Board", frequently uses the big finger when playing "Running Water in the Mountains", which is vigorous and powerful. Even if it is a "flower finger", it is mostly a big finger playing with a "brace"; But the left hand is both rigid and soft, sonorous and deep, and the playing style is simple.