How did the hydrogen in the water come from?

Artificial hydrogen production, the most widely known method is the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. However, this traditional method is not economical. To produce hydrogen equivalent to the heat of one liter of gasoline, at least 45 kWh of electricity is needed, and human electricity is already very scarce. The key to producing clean hydrogen energy is to find a way to extract hydrogen molecules from water, which is the most abundant resource containing hydrogen. In the past decades, researchers are looking for some unique catalysts to extract hydrogen from water by using solar energy. Those catalysts first absorb photon energy from the sun, and then use this energy to accelerate the cracking speed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms in water molecules, and then form water molecules at a slow speed, so finally hydrogen and oxygen emerge from the water. This kind of catalyst is usually made of some inorganic semiconductor materials. For example, silicon used in computer chips. However, the efficiency of semiconductor catalysts is very low and the energy consumption is too large, so it is impossible to enter the real production and life field. Now, researchers are trying to find some catalysts that can absorb solar energy more effectively and make them more powerful and fast when transferring electrons between atoms. Now, such catalysts have been found, but they are no longer semiconductor inorganic substances. It is a super biomacromolecule, or a huge molecular complex. This huge molecular complex is mainly composed of two parts-two subunits of molecules, one of which is responsible for absorbing photon energy from sunlight and the other is responsible for obtaining free electrons. With this supramolecular complex as the core, a special device for extracting hydrogen atoms from water by using solar energy can be formed. This cheap and efficient method can obtain a large amount of hydrogen to drive cars, planes, trains and so on. It can also be used to produce clean water and energy after burning with oxygen in the air, and of course it can also be used to make fuel cells to generate electricity.

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