The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lord Guan and the Moral Self-Discipline of the Human Heart

Confucius, Guan Yuzi, the two Husbandmen of all ages; cultivating the Spring and Autumn Annals, reading the Spring and Autumn Annals, the one Spring and Autumn Annals of all ages.

In Chinese history, Confucius is the Sage of Literature, Guan Yu is the Sage of Martial Arts, a literary and a martial arts, intertwined, literary and martial arts, blessing China.

Guan Yu is the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties since the community **** with worship, the people of the moral model and moral idol. In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Chinese society, sacrifice, worship, worship activities, almost into all the social activities and spiritual thought field. Religious ceremonies, government rituals, social education, business contacts, gatherings and associations, literary creations, opera singing, interpersonal contacts, customs and folklore and other fields, there are Guan Gong and Guan Gong loyalty and righteousness, integrity, courage and faith in the spirit of emulation and inheritance. Just as the Ming Shenzong fixed the jiao ceremony dedication: "Congratulations to Guan Sheng Di Jun, life of loyalty and righteousness, vibration of the order of the ages; after the spirit of might, to protect the dynasty of the Tai Yun". Worshipping Guan Gong has become the most brilliant and widespread social and cultural phenomenon in the long history of China.

Guan Gong as a moral model and moral idol has been constantly upgraded, Guan Gong worship as a moral cultural phenomenon has been widely popularized, for the formation of the cohesion of the Chinese nation, as well as moral consciousness, moral behavior norms and enhancement, has had a certain positive effect.

Guan Gong in the Confucian system is not only because he is a loyal, courageous and brave military general, but also mainly because of Guan Gong's preference for and concrete practice of the Confucian classic Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. The history book "Three Kingdoms" has a lot of records: "Three Kingdoms" Jiang table biography "cloud:" Yu good Zuo's biography, satirical recitation slightly all mouth", "Three Kingdoms" Lv Meng biography "cloud:" S man (Guan Yu) long and studious, read "Zuo Zhuan" slightly all mouth, terrier bright with male spirit."

"Zuo Zhuan Spring and Autumn Annals" is the first of the five Confucian classics, with a distinct political and moral tendency. Its concepts emphasize civilized order and patriarchal ethics, and attach importance to the difference between the eldest and the youngest, as well as the idea of "people-oriented" and patriotism. The Zuo Zhuan embodies its moral evaluation through detailed descriptions of people and events. The Zuo Zhuan explains the Spring and Autumn Period's general principle of praising and depreciating the good and the evil with a complete record of the facts.

Southern Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi, based on the Spring and Autumn Annals, honored Shu Han as the orthodoxy in his book Tong Jian Compendium, which was later promoted by various literary and artistic works, making the concept of "Kou Wei Di Shu" popular, and Guan Gong's familiarity with the Spring and Autumn Annals and his spirit of practicing the spirit of Spring and Autumn Annals were also more and more revered.

Hubei Province, Hankou Shanxan Association Hall, "Han Guanfuzi Spring and Autumn Annals Building monument" cloud: "Examination of the Spring and Autumn Annals", the Department of Lu Shi East Zhou also, the king's program to fall, I fear that the great righteousness of the Confucius of the world's officials and ministers is unknown, and have no choice but to Zonglu Zunzhong Zhou, to the Spring and Autumn Annals to see the will. ...... Guanfuzi want to save Shu who save Han, Zhi "Spring and Autumn" of the Zhi, this "Spring and Autumn" the reason why there is also its people."

Henan Province, North Dance ferry Shan-Shaan Association Hall "to create a theater building monument" cloud: "The left side of the mountain has Confucius, moral higher than ten thousand mountains, the world heavy its text. However, there is a text for the latitude, there must be martial arts for the warp. Only I Guan Fu Zi was born on the right side of the mountain, served in the Han Dynasty, the strategy covers heaven and earth, the God of martial arts crown the three armies. Especially can be said to uphold the candles up to the day, the section hanging in the annals of history, Xun enough comparable to Confucius, bow when the name of the Wu Fu Zi."

Qing Wei Jiexu "Pak Heung temple records": "Since the emperor (refers to Guan Yu) to the body of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" of the unity, the righteousness of the ruler and the ministers, brilliantly re-mingled."

Qing years of Ya Ling "re-modeling Dangyang Han Shouting Hou Guan Fuzi Temple monument": "Since the Mengzi and read the "Spring and Autumn Annals" is not a lack of people, but can be in the "Spring and Autumn Annals" of the great sense of the real person, only (Guan) Hou a person only."

The Qing dynasty Zhang Penghe in the "Guan Di statue praise" that Guan Gong "the purpose of the Spring and Autumn Annals, the only one to get its ancestry". Zhang Penghe also said in the Preface to the Zhi of Guan Fu Zi: "Although Hou has not yet ascended to the Hall of Su Si, but the righteousness of the gas, loyalty and righteousness of the concept, dark and the Tao." That is to say, it is in line with the way of Confucius' "Spring and Autumn Annals".

Zhang Penghe is the Kangxi and Yongzheng years of the famous clean officials. Kangxi Emperor to him as a model of famous ministers. During his lifetime, Kangxi's comment on him is "the world's incorruptible officials, there is no right"; after his death, the Yongzheng Emperor praised him as "outstanding one generation of perfect people", and add Shaobao, posthumously "Wenduan".

Zhang Penghe life of justice and thrift, "life a cocoon cover, food without taste. The Imperial House of several rooms, a few acres of barren land only." February 19, 1725 when he died, no extra belongings at home, his son Maocheng "look around, unable to raise the funeral". Yongzheng gave a thousand taels of silver, before the funeral back to Suining burial. Yongzheng mourning reduced meals, twice the Imperial Tribute to commemorate, praised him for his "chastity, special body integrity", "Zhi Xing Xiujie, demeanor Duan condensation ...... flow of bamboo and silk, Zhuo Ran generation of perfect people".

From 1713 to 1722, Zhang Penghe served as Secretary of the Ministry of Justice for nearly 10 years. In the Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of the six Ministry of the first. Where the appointment and dismissal of national officials, the examination of the course, lift, mobilization and other matters, are responsible for the Ministry. In order to deal with some people to come to the favor, please, Zhang Penghe in the residence of the hall, the tree of a statue of Guan Sheng Di Jun, Zhou Cang holding a sword stood majestically. The side of the seat of God, set a book case. Whenever friends and relatives have private matters, he will point to the statue and say: "Guan Di Jun in the above, do not dare to camp private favoritism". Some of the friendship of people, hard to get a good messenger, Zhang Penghe slightly smile, witty, said: "General Zhou hands of the Qinglong Crescent Blade is very sharp, you are not afraid of it," and then eliminated the door to ask for a person's evil thoughts delusion.

Zhang Penghe to fear, worship Guan Di as "in solitude can be cautious and meticulous" means of strengthening moral integrity, but also thus hope that the spirit of Guan Gong can be carried out far and wide, inherited for generations. Zhang Penghe with the cabinet minister Suo Ertu and other Mongolia to Russia to negotiate peace, along the way to see the city of naturalization (now Hohhot) has Guan Di Temple, its records say: "so that people far away, know its loyalty and righteousness. Zhang Penghe in the "Guan Di Zhi" Volume III, said: "the world's future generations of people, because they can worship the gods, inspired by the excitement, to learn from its heart, examining its behavior, and I would like to see its people, read the Zhi can also be XingYi! It shows that the magical function of "Guan Gong's divine induction" and the magical power of moral conscience shaping, because the spirit comes from the heart.

"University" has said that "small people live in idleness for not good, nothing. After seeing the gentleman, he was tired of it, and covered up his badness, while recognizing his goodness. People look at themselves, such as to see their lungs and liver, it is not beneficial. This is said to be sincere in the middle, form in the outside. Therefore, a gentleman must be prudent." The meaning is that those who have no faith and no moral cultivation can do anything bad when they are living in idleness and solitude. They see good people with good character, they will be cynical rumors splash dirt, but on the surface still have to put on a look as if they have done good things, trying to find ways to show their own virtues. In fact, what is the point of deceiving oneself and others in this way? Everyone is not a fool, everyone has the tentacles of the heart, sincere people look at the hypocrite, as if they can see his internal organs as clear as the so-called true intention of the heart will be revealed on the outside. That is why the gentleman is prudent, and when he is alone he is also being honest and cautious in his behavior.

Zhang Penghe "to admire the spirit of the gods, inspired by the excitement, to learn its heart, to examine its behavior, and to see its people", first of all, to put Guan Gong Spring and Autumn Annals of the spirit of the gods, to determine the absolute authority of the spirit of the Spring and Autumn Annals of the absolute authority, so that when doing things do not let the outside world will not disturb their own hearts. In the words of Mencius, "If you first set up the big one, then the small one cannot be taken away from you." The heart is right, in the face of many external temptations, can maintain inner calm, not moved by external things, to achieve "let the wind and waves rise, sitting steadily in a fishing boat," the transcendent realm, to face all kinds of challenges calmly and freely.

The most basic value of the idea of spring and autumn in the spirit of Guan Gong is to arouse people's respect for the rules, right and wrong, good and evil, praise and blame are all in their place, and the human heart is subject to the constraints of moral conscience and reward and punishment. The spirit of Guan Gong is not just a belief hidden in the heart, but must be manifested in the external behavior of moral practice. The moral principles derived from Guan Gong's beliefs will become the basis for behavioral conduct such as loyalty, filial piety, righteousness, honesty, and the constraints of conscience.

Although the modern society is a rule of law society, but "goodness is not enough for politics, law can not be by itself". Legal constraints are other law, is relying on external forces to force their own behavior constraints "exogenous" performance; moral self-discipline is relying on self-restraint of their own behavior "endogenous" performance; from the wisdom of the traditional Chinese philosophy, the external cause is the condition, the internal cause is the basis, the external cause is only through the internal cause can work. From the wisdom of traditional Chinese philosophy, external causes are the conditions and internal causes are the basis, and external causes can only work through internal causes. The extent to which the law can play a role depends on how high the moral quality of the entire population is. On the whole, the good functioning of the social order depends mainly on the moral "self-discipline" of all citizens to realize, without moral *** with the compliance, the law will only be everywhere, not the implementation of the substance.

How was the traditional Chinese social order constructed and maintained? The most common saying in Chinese civilization over the past 5,000 years has been: "The state has its own laws, and the family has its own rules". The most important thing to remember is that the Chinese government has a long history of using the Internet as a means of communication, and it has a long history of using the Internet as a means of communicating with people. Even now, some simple rural villages still adhere to the traditional customs, village rules and regulations, etiquette and order, family ancestral halls, industry norms, moral rules, each individual is consciously subject to this kind of agreed-upon etiquette constraints, the culture of Guan Gong, the spirit of Guan Gong is not only the values of the Chinese people recognized, but also an important means of social indoctrination of the people to the good, and more the rule of law can be truly carried out in the society. It is also an important means for society to educate people towards goodness, and it is also the way for the rule of law to be truly implemented. Just as Mr. Yu Youren wrote a couplet for Guan Gong Temple: the word loyalty and righteousness unites the Chinese children, and the book "Spring and Autumn" represents the national spirit.

"Taishigong preface" quoted Dong Zhongshu said: "The Spring and Autumn Annals, on the way of the three kings, the lower discernment of the personnel of the discipline, don't suspect, clear right and wrong, hesitation, good good and evil evil, virtuous virtuous bitch unworthy, survival of the dead country, following the extinction of the world, make up for the abolition of my, the king of the road of the great also ...... Spring and Autumn Annals to the moral sense. The chaotic world of the anyway, not close to the "Spring and Autumn Annals" ...... to find out its so, all lost its original already. ...... for the human king and father and do not understand the "Spring and Autumn Anniversary" of the righteousness of the person, will be blinded by the name of the first evil. If you are a courtier and do not understand the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Annals, you will be caught in the name of usurpation and execution, and the name of capital punishment. ...... Therefore, the Spring and Autumn Annals, the rites and righteousness of the bulk also." The Spring and Autumn Annals, not only is the ancient traditional society acting program, but also the modern rule of law society's guide to action.