Traditional stories of women in China.

Cai Wenji, Zhuo Wenjun, Li Qingzhao, Ban Zhao

Wenji Cai

At the end of the Han dynasty, the governors supported their troops with self-respect, and Dong Zhuo finally took control of the state affairs.

Later, Cao Cao used Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty as an excuse to forge a secret edict, killed Dong Zhuo and dumped his body in broad daylight, which made passers-by ashamed and spurned.

Cai Yong was a celebrity at that time, and had a good relationship with Cao Cao and Dong Zhuo before. Now, when he saw Dong Zhuoren dead and separated from his friends, he felt sad when he remembered the old friendship. Regardless of Cao Cao's ban, he cried on Dong Zhuo alone, scaring onlookers around him to flee.

When Cao Cao learned that, he couldn't help flying into a rage. I think, Cai Yong, Cai Yong, you really have no eyes. I just took power and haven't settled down yet. How dare you go against me in public? So he ordered the execution of Cai Yong and ordered people to go to his house to arrest everyone and send them to a remote and desolate place.

Cai Yong had a daughter named Cai Wenji, who was a famous talented woman at that time. She is knowledgeable, eloquent and proficient in music. At that time, her husband had just died, and she had not given birth to a son and a half to her husband's family, and was practicing at her parents' home. Cai Wenji was playing the piano at home when her father had an accident. When she heard the servant report that her father had gone to mourn Dong Zhuo, she couldn't help sighing, thinking that disaster was imminent.

Sure enough, Cao Cao's soldiers rushed in and surrounded Cai Fu. The whole house, men, women and children, was tied up and pushed to the front yard. If you are negligent, you will be beaten with a disorderly stick.

At that time, the northern border of the Han Dynasty was extremely restless, and the Hu people often attacked and invaded. Every time they captured the ideal city, they slaughtered all the people inside, and the bodies piled up like mountains and rivers of blood. Teams of horses in Hu Bing are hung with strings of men's heads, and the robbed women are carried behind the horses.

On the way north, Cai Wenji met Hu Bing and was captured. When they were taken to the north with other captured women, along the way, they saw bodies everywhere, stinking.

After arriving in Xiongnu, Cai Wenji was chosen by South Attila for his literary talent and became his wife. He lived there for twelve years and gave birth to two boys. When Cai Wenji people were in Xiongnu, they missed their relatives in the Central Plains day and night, and spent all day in Lacrimosa, where they wrote Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, which was handed down from generation to generation. This song was widely circulated and finally flowed into the Central Plains. Cao Cao was deeply moved by its sad tune. Cao Cao recalled his rudeness to the Cai family and felt ashamed. He sent people to Xiongnu to redeem Cai Wenji with gold and silver.

On the one hand, South Attila hoped to maintain a good relationship with Cao Cao, on the other hand, she lusted after those gold treasures, thought twice, and finally promised to send Cai Wenji back to the Central Plains.

When Cai Wenji left, her two sons knelt down, hugged Wenxi's legs and burst into tears: "Mom, where are you going? Everyone says you are going back to the Central Plains. Will you come back? You are so kind at ordinary times, why are you so cruel today? We haven't grown up yet, why don't you give up on us? "

Hearing these words, Cai Wenji only felt deeply grieved and in a trance. She stroked the heads of her two sons and shed tears in pain. "How can you be a mother?" ? Your father took me away by force, and today he sent me back by force. How can a mother be the master? "

At this time, the sisters who were arrested from the Central Plains with Cai Wenji came to see her off. They knelt on the ground and cried, "Why is Wenxi the only one who can return to the Central Plains, but we have to die of old age in this desolate foreign land and never have a chance to see our relatives again?" In this case, even the horse was so sad that he forgot to walk and the driver forgot to turn when driving. The onlookers hugged each other and cried.

After returning to the Central Plains, Cao Cao comforted Cai Wenji. Seeing that Yueshi was alone, Cao Cao ordered Yueshi to marry a scholar named Dongsi and ask her for advice.

Wenxi said coldly, "At the beginning, you and my father were close friends. In memory of Dong Zhuo, you killed my father and sent my family away. So far, I don't know if they are still alive. Twelve years later, I'm a mother, and you used gold and silver to break up our mother and son and take me back to the Central Plains. I'm not me anymore. What else can I decide for myself Now that you have made up your mind, why do you ask my opinion? The words made Cao Cao blush and speechless.

Later, Cai Wenji died of old age in the Central Plains. She and her two sons can only exchange letters and meet each other for life.

Zhuo Wenjun

Zhuo Wenjun, a native of Lin Qiong in the Western Han Dynasty, was a talented woman in the Han Dynasty. She is beautiful and talented, good at playing drums and piano, and has a rich family. She is the daughter of Zhuo Wangsun, and has been living at home since her husband died. Many celebrities proposed to her, but she took a fancy to the poor scholar Sima Xiangru. Sima Xiangru can play the piano and write poems, from which Zhuo Wenjun realized his talent and emotion and fell in love with him wholeheartedly. Sima Xiangru had nothing at home. After Zhuo Wenjun eloped with him, he opened a restaurant and became a shopkeeper himself, while Wen Jun became a busboy, not afraid of being laughed at. The grandson helped them because of their face, and they lived a rich life from then on. Later, Sima Xiangru finally became famous. The story of Wen Jun running at night is widely circulated among the people, and it is based on later novels and operas.

Sima Xiangru's literary talent, Zhuo Wenjun's beauty, white-headed resentment when selling wine, and Nagato's spirit were endowed; The suicide note of Guan Zen Temple has been circulated for a long time. There is also the famous "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix": "Feng Feng returned to his hometown and traveled all over the world to seek her phoenix. There is a beautiful girl in this hall, and the people in the room are poisoning my intestines. Why should she be a mandarin duck? " There is also Zhuo Wenjun's poem "Whitehead Poetry": "Today, we are fighting for each other, and there is no need to cry when we get married. You should be single-minded and unwilling to leave each other. What is a rod, what is a fish, and what is a man's loyalty? Why use a money knife? " There is also a sad farewell book: "Chunhua Fang Jing, five-color Su Ling, the sound of the piano is still imperial, and the new sound is replaced by the old one! Jinshui has a honeymoon period, and the Han Palace has water. This is new, and the embarrassing people in the world don't know! Zhu Xian is broken, the mirror is gone, the morning dew is exposed, the fragrance is off, the bald head sings, and it's so sad to leave. Try to eat as much as possible, don't miss my concubine and make soup with you! "

Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao, a famous poetess in Song Dynasty, was born in Jinan, Shandong Province. My father is a writer Li, and my mother is my daughter, the top scholar, and also works as an article. Li Zhao lives in a family with a strong cultural atmosphere in the early hours of the morning. 18 years old, married Zhao Mingcheng, a former student. Zhao Mingcheng wrote "Inscription" and Li Qingzhao wrote "Preface to Inscription", which recorded the common life of husband and wife and their love for calligraphy and painting in detail. His early poems mostly described boudoir life interest and natural beauty, with fresh and lively style. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao and his wife went south. In 1 129, Zhao Mingcheng died in Jiankang (present-day Nanjing), and she went through the pain of national ruin and death alone. Therefore, her later works mostly reflect the painful life of war, nostalgia for the past and homesickness, and her style is gloomy and sad. The artistic features of Li Qingzhao's ci mainly lie in using simple sketching techniques and being good at writing delicate emotional changes and clear language. Among the poets in the Song Dynasty, Zhuo Ran became a family of his own. There is also "Yu Shu Ci".

Ban Zhao

Ban Zhao word Huiban, also known as Ji, has a family background and is especially good at literary talent. Her father Ban Biao is a great contemporary writer Ban Zhao.

I am often called into the palace, and the Pope waits for dignitaries to read the scriptures, and the palace respects me as a teacher.

Ban Zhao married Uncle Cao in the same county at the age of fourteen, so people called Ban Zhao "Cao Dajia".

In terms of personality, Uncle Cao is lively and outgoing, and Ban Zhao is gentle and delicate. Husband and wife can accommodate each other and live a good life.

Very happy.

Ban Zhao's literary talent is first manifested in helping his brother Ban Gu to fix the Book of the First Han Dynasty, which is the first chapter of our country.

The biographical chronology is a well-written one in the official history, and people praise it for its informative and well-prepared, as well as the historical records and the whole book.

There are several categories: discipline, biography, expressiveness and ambition. She started writing this book when she was still in Ban Zhao's father Ban Biao. she

After her father died, her brother Bangu continued to finish the work. Ban Gu, whose name is Meng Jian, can write at the age of nine and is a little older.

After reading a lot of books, the words that a hundred schools of thought contend are all poor. Unexpectedly, when he was about to finish writing The Former Han Dynasty, it was because of the Dou Xian case.

Involved, died in prison, Ban Zhao learn from these mistakes, took over the work of my dead brother and moved on.

Fortunately, when Ban Gu was alive, Ban Zhao participated in the compilation of the whole book, and later got permission from Han and Emperor.

You can refer to the classics in Dongguan Library, which is handy to write.

After its publication, The Book of the First Han Dynasty has been highly praised, and scholars are scrambling to tell it, which is the most difficult one among the Books of the First Han Dynasty.

It is the seventh table of officials or officials, and the sixth table of chronicles. These two parts are Ban Zhao's independence after his brother Ban Gu's death.

It's over, but Ban Zhao humbly crowned her brother Bangu's name. Ban Zhao's knowledge is very profound, at that time.

Ma Rong, a great scholar, knelt outside the Dongguan Library to listen to Ban Zhao's explanation in order to ask Ban Zhao for advice!

Ban Zhao also has a brother, Ban Chao. We often use two idioms now: "Join the army with a pen" and "Nothing ventured, nothing gained".

"Getting the tiger" is the evolution of his spoken language, which embodies his extraordinary wisdom and courage. He went to the western regions to make contributions.

Due to the protection of the western regions, Han Wei has been promoted in Central Asia for 30 years.

In the 12th year of Han Yongyuan, Ban Chao sent his son Ban Yong back to Luoyang with An En Gong.

The emperor wished: "I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but at Yumenguan." I want to send Zi Yong to give something to Anxi.

I was born in, so I can see my motherland. "Expressed a strong idea of returning to the basics, but after the letter was sent,

Three years later, the court still ignored it. Ban Zhao remembered his dead brother Ban Gu and told it to his seventy-year-old brother Ban Chao, who was living in a foreign land.

Have a strong attachment and sympathy, so desperate to write to the emperor:

My brother and I were born in the western regions, and I protected the Hou Dynasty from a distance. Fortunately, I have a reward for my small contribution, the honor of two thousand stones.

Unique and sincere is not what I should be deceived. From the beginning of transcendence, I will die, and I will make great achievements. Will change,

The road is solitary, super-integrated, turning to the border, knowing the countries and fixing their soldiers. Every time there is an attack, you must be the first to board the ship. Covered with gold

Yi, don't avoid death, Lai Meng, the god of your majesty, and you want to prolong your life in the desert; It has been 30 years since I was born, and I have never known each other again.

With all the people at any time, everything has changed; The oldest, now 70, is old and sick, with dark hair and heartless hands.

Eyes and ears are not smart, but crutches can. Although I want to do my best to repay my kindness, I will force my son to be old and tired.

What?

Savage nature, mourning rebellion and humiliating the old, C Chao Dan went into the ground at dusk, and there was no generation for a long time. He was afraid of opening up the original research and being rebellious. but

Dr. Green is worried about everything. If there is a sudden death, he is too strong to bear from the heart, which will damage the country's eternal achievements.

It's really painful to abandon a loyal minister and use his body! Therefore, I have surpassed Wan Li to be sincere, I have been bitter and anxious, and I have craned my neck to look forward to it. It's been three years now and I haven't received it yet.

Save Lu.

I heard that the ancients were fifteen soldiers, but they are still sixty now, and they have rested and stopped serving. Fate your majesty, filial piety, get ten thousand.

The favor of this country has not left the ministers of small countries behind, and the situation is too favorable for Hou Bo's position. So if he dares to touch death and beg for more than a year, he will have a life.

Also; It's not hard to see the state of etiquette again, and the western regions can't catch up with it, which is beyond the grace of the Mongolian king.

The urgency of mourning for the elderly.

Ban Zhao wrote a letter on behalf of his brother, which is reasonable. He was moved by it, and Han and Emperor played it. special

The last two sentences of the article quoted Xu Lingtai of Zhou Wenwang as saying that digging the ground to get the bones of the dead and burying more. Tian Zifang, a teacher in Wei Wenhou,

Seeing that you abandoned your old horse, you felt it was unkind to abandon it when you were old, so you put it away and raised it. These two stories are ironic,

Han Hedi thought that he would no longer make a decision, and he was really ashamed of the old minister, so he sent Ren Shang, a captain of Wuji, to take over as the protector of the Western Regions.

Ban Chao.

Ban Zhao's literary talent enabled her brother Ban Chao to return to Korea.

Ren Shang arrived and Ban Chao explained them one by one. Ren Shang said to Ban Chao, "It is advisable to take the sea as a mirror."

I hope Ban Chao can give him some advice on managing the western regions. Ban Chao said earnestly: "The officials outside the Great Wall are not filial sons and grandchildren, but they are all."

Migration fills the border with sin; And barbarians are pregnant with birds and beasts, which are difficult to raise and easy to lose. Today, you are strict and anxious, and you can't judge politics without clear water.

Strict, easy to swing, wide and small, just a rough outline. But after Ban Chao left, Ren Shang privately said to his cronies, "I am convinced."

This gentleman should have some ingenious ideas, and what he said today is very dull! "Ren Shang can't rely on the experience of Ban Chao, but it has lost its edge because of its harshness and cruelty.

This is another story.

In August of the 14th year of Han Yongyuan, Ban Chao returned to Luoyang and became a captain. He has left Shule in the western regions.

I was sick, so I didn't have time to chat with my sister. I had to travel hard and died a month after I returned to China. Ban Zhao was speechless.

With his own literary talent, Ban Zhao completed his brother Ban Gu's "The Book of the Former Han Dynasty", which touched the hearts of Han and Emperor and brought his brother Ban Chao back.

Luoyang. Ban Zhao's literary talent is also reflected in her seven articles on women's commandments.

The seven precepts include: inferiority, husband and wife, cautious independence, womanhood, concentration, obedience, and uncles and sisters. Originally used for teaching.

Unexpectedly, Ben's daughter's private education books were copied by aristocratic families in Beijing and soon became popular all over the country.

Ban Zhao quoted a sentence from The Book of Songs Xiaoya in the article "Inferior and Weak": "Give birth to boys and girls."

It is believed that women can't compete with men by nature, so they must "go to bed late and get up early, and don't be afraid to stay up late;" Carry out business and things, and do not hesitate to play.

Yi. "To this end.

In the "husband and wife" article, I think that the husband is bigger than the sky, and he still needs to be treated respectfully. "If a woman is not virtuous, there will be no husband, and a woman will not."

If you are a husband, righteousness will be abolished. If you want to uphold justice, you must make women understand justice. "

In the article "Respecting Teachers", it is advocated that "men are superior to women, regardless of rights and wrongs, women"

You should obey your husband unconditionally. "Just a soft egg, can be linked to the economy, can also protect the righteousness of husband and wife forever.

In the chapter of "Women's Behavior", four standards of women's behavior are set: "Chastity and tranquility, being ashamed of what you have done; being virtuous for women;

Don't talk nonsense and be overbearing, choose the right words, enough is enough, and speak for women; Dress neatly, not dirty or humiliating, and think for women; focus one's attention on

Textile, unsmiling, cooking delicious food and entertaining guests are the business of female workers. "Women prepare four lines of virtue, speech, tolerance and behavior.

Fang won't be rude.

The article "Dingli" emphasizes that "a virgin does not marry two husbands", and the husband can remarry, and the wife can never remarry.

In her mind, begging in the next hall is an incredible paradox. A husband should "concentrate on positive color and have no obscene voice."

Otherwise. "

In the chapter of "submission", women are taught to be kind to their parents, to be obedient, and to be humble and obedient in everything.

We should be more patient and even obedient.

In the article "Uncle Big Sister", it is explained that the way to get along with husbands, brothers and sisters is to know the human body and understand the meaning of everything, that is,

It is natural to be wronged, and we must not go our own way and lose the harmonious atmosphere between us.

Ban Zhao mainly lived in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Shortly after Ban Chao's death, Han and Emperor died and Longsheng was born.

In one hundred days, he became a filial piety emperor, and Empress Dowager Deng came to the court to listen to politics. In less than half a year, the emperor died again, so he took Liu Hu, the king of Qinghe.

The heir is Xiao Andi, who is only thirteen years old, and Empress Dowager Deng still faces the court.

The emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty were short-lived. Only Liu Xiu, the founding emperor, lived a life of "flower armor" and died at the age of 62, followed by the Ming Dynasty.

Emperor, 48 years old, Johnny is 3 1 year old, others are under 20 years old, including a large number of doll emperors.

A situation in which a consortium enjoys exclusive rights.

Empress Deng came to power as the hostess, and Ban Zhao participated in confidential affairs as the host, being as loyal as possible in spirit. Deng Wu is a general.

The military department assists the military department and is the elder brother of the empress dowager. Later, after her mother died, she wrote to ask for a system, and Empress Dowager Cixi hesitated.

When asked about Ban Zhao, Ban Zhao thought: "After the general's success, it's time to retire; Otherwise, the border disaster will recur. If it is later,

Haven't you been paying for your reputation? "The queen mother Deng felt reasonable and approved the request of Deng dock.

Ban Zhao died over the years, and the Queen Mother mourned for her plain clothes.

Ban Zhao was a knowledgeable, virtuous and virtuous woman in ancient China. She is a historian and writer.

And a politician. She has a son and daughters in Cao family, and her son was appointed as Shanhaiguan Hou.