What are the tit-for-tat views of philosophers

I. The two most important philosophical oppositions ("the two pairs of philosophy"):

1. The opposition about what the nature of the world is

Materialism holds that matter determines spirit and that matter is the essence of the world.

Idealism holds that spirit determines matter and that spirit is the essence of the world.

2, about the state of the world how the opposition

Dialectics that things are connected and in motion;

Metaphysics that things are isolated and static.

2. The opposition between gnosticism and agnosticism (the fundamental opposition of epistemology)

Gnosticism holds that people are able to know the real world correctly;

Agnosticism holds that it is impossible for people to know the real world.