What are the stories in templo mayor?

At the corner of Seminario Street and Guatemala Street, about 200 meters away from Mexico's Constitution Square, there is a world-famous site of the mayor of Teocali Templo, namely templo mayor. It is the most valuable treasure house of Aztec culture.

The excavation history of this big temple is not long. 1978 February 2 1 Late at night, at the corner of Uruguay Street behind the Cathedral of Constitution Square in Mexico City, a group of power company workers are waving pickaxes and shovels to dig trenches for buried cables. Suddenly, a worker dug up a stone-carved head, and the workers reported it to the Institute of Historical Anthropology early the next morning. Experts rushed to the scene when they heard the news. After seven days of careful excavation, they finally dug up a semi-oval stone carving with a goddess engraved on it, but the body was separated and the limbs were broken. The goddess wears a big crown, a long snake belt around her waist and a string of small bells hanging on her head. Appraised by archaeologists, this is the statue of Koyolsauji, the goddess of the moon in Aztec mythology. The excavation of Chang 'e shows that the temple recorded in historical books is nearby.

Legend has it that in ancient times, Coiate Ricoey, the goddess of heaven and earth and life and death, picked up some beautiful feathers when she was cleaning the temple in Peck Mountain, and Coiate was hidden in her arms. Unexpectedly, she was pregnant. After hearing the news, her daughter, Koyolsauki, the goddess of the moon, and 400 sons, namely 400 Suriano stars, were furious and thought that their mother had committed the crime of infidelity and defiled their reputation. So, unanimously decided to kill her. When heaven and earth and the goddess of life and death knew it, they were very afraid. At this time, the children she was pregnant with, God of War and Sun, were born. He took a salamander, angrily rushed to the moon goddess, cut off her head and threw the body down. Then, 400 Suriano stars were driven away. Inspired by this myth, the Aztecs built the templo mayor in Tranche, Nositi, and held religious ceremonies to kill and sacrifice every year.

The Great Temple was built in 1330 ~ 1340. In order to prevent floods, the temple has been continuously expanded and heightened, and a larger temple has been rebuilt on the basis of the original temple. There is a temple on the big temple, with seven layers overlapping. Every temple has an altar of Tralock, the god of earth and water.

The whole temple is pyramid-shaped, and the bottom of the building is almost square. Its side is 80 meters long and its highest point is 30 meters above the ground. In the west of the temple, there are two parallel steps. You can climb the steep steps of 1 13 steps from any one, and then you can reach the highest point of the temple from there. At the highest point of the temple, there are two shrines, one dedicated to Witsilobauchetli, the god of the city god, and the other dedicated to Tralock, the god of water and soil. In front of the ancestral hall of the Great Temple, there is an open space with an area of 440 square meters, where many religious ceremonies have been held, such as offering sacrifices to the living. The whole temple is solid except for some sacrificial cabinets. This scheme of not building an inner room simplifies the design and construction of the whole temple. Aztec engineers are very innovative, and they have achieved amazing accuracy in masonry and stone carving. Because there is no effective metal cutting tool, they use tools made of hard stones to cut, and use rope, water and sand to saw and grind materials. At that time, Mexico had no four-wheeled tools and no pack animals. The Aztecs used people and boats to transport building materials. As for the color of templo mayor, like other Aztec temples, it was painted with bright colors.

The deepest excavation of the Great Temple reached the second generation of the Great Temple, on which were the walls of the surviving double temples. The architecture of the second generation of templo mayor can be traced back to the early days of the establishment of the prominent dynasty in Nostitlan City. In order to show the world the ruling power granted by the dynasty through theocracy, people built a layer of boulder on the fragile temple generation and daubed it with plaster. At that time, Trang Noci paid tribute to another city. Later, the city was defeated at about 143 1, and all localities turned to pay tribute to Trang and Nositi. From then on, Tranche and Nositi became more and more powerful, and it began to order the territory to pay tribute to them with wood, stones, lime and labor to show their respect for Tranche, Nositi and the gods. In order to commemorate this important event, the rulers at that time expanded the temple for the second time, forming three generations of temples. 65438+In 1950s, the city of Tran in Nositi suffered from floods and famines, and the rulers were relieved of the obligation to pay tribute to their territory and opened granaries for disaster relief. In return for the generous help of the rulers, various territories helped to build palaces and temples. The four-generation temple built after 1454 may be the product of these public works. One of the most striking sacrifices unearthed in the Great Temple is a group of almost life-size statues of flag officials. They lean on the steps of the third generation of templo mayor, and are covered with the filled mud and stones of the fourth generation of templo mayor. The fourth generation templo mayor refers to the west of templo mayor, including the statue of Koyol Hauji. The Five Dynasties Temple was built in the early 1980s in 15, and the site is hard to find. The sixth generation temple may have been built in 1487. At his inauguration ceremony, 80,000 people died as victims on the altar at the top of the tower.