The connotation of traditional six books and the transformation of them by later scholars

The connotation of the traditional six books and their transformation by later scholars are as follows;

The word "Six Books" comes from Zhou Li, and Xu Shen, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, wrote in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "When Li Zhou entered primary school at the age of eight, he taught the country with six books first.

One refers to things, two refers to pictographs, three refers to sounds, four refers to knowledge, five fingers to remember, and six refers to borrowing. The "six books" theory of Chinese characters, that is, the six structural laws of Chinese characters, is summarized and generalized by later generations according to the word-formation mode of Chinese characters, not word formation.

Liu Shu Shuo analyzes the structure of Chinese characters according to Biography, which reflects the structural rules of Chinese characters. Xu Shen used it to analyze Chinese characters, which is of epoch-making significance, but

There are also limitations. Chen and Qiu Xigui put forward the theory of "three books" respectively, which broke through the traditional "six books" and brought new problems. Later scholars have also made many criticisms. In fact, the theory of "Six Books" still has important guiding significance for philology and other disciplines.

"Six Books" first appeared in Zhou Li. "History of Guan Bao in Li Zhoudi": "Bao Shi is in charge of admonishing Wang's evil, and raising the country's son by Tao, which is to teach him six arts: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five controls, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers." At this time, the "six books" have no specific name and classification.

Chinese characters are one of the oldest characters in the world, and the only surviving symbol with strong vitality. This is just as Engels pointed out: "Because of the invention of writing and its application in document records, human society has become over-civilized."

There are many theories about the origin of Chinese characters, including knotting theory, gossip theory, Cangjie word-making theory, picture theory, lettering theory and so on. Among these theories, the most convincing is that the early hieroglyphics all came from the pictures of stories and were drawn by objective things. For this reason, we can say with certainty that there is only one source of Chinese characters-memorabilia pictures.

As for the structure of Chinese characters, different people have different views. Xu Shen adopted the theory of "Six Books", that is, referring to things, pictographs, sounds and shapes, knowing, transferring notes and borrowing.

Ban Gu also adopted the theory of "Six Books", but the specific name was different from that of Xu Shen. He said in "History of Han, Art and Literature": "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so the Zhou family was responsible for raising the son of the country. The six books they taught were called: pictograph, image, meaning, annotation, borrowing and word creation."

In the Interpretation of Zhou Rites, he solemnly said: "Six books: pictographic, knowing, transferring notes, doing things, borrowing and harmonic sounds." Mr. Tang Lan advocated the theory of "three books", which can be divided into three categories: pictographic characters, iconographic characters and sounds. This is progress for the traditional "six books", but it is not detailed. Until Mr. Wang Fengyang took the morphology of characters as the key link and the creation of characters as the purpose, it was divided into three categories: elephant morphology, elephant morphology and elephant morphology.