When did the traditional drama in China begin?

1, the gestation and formation of China opera.

China opera originated from primitive songs and dances. In the Han Dynasty, there was a kind of "corner play" with performance elements, especially "East Sea Huang Gong". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there appeared a "musical drama" combining singing and dancing with performance, with more intense performance elements, such as the head, the face, and the picking of mothers. In the Tang Dynasty, there appeared a "joining the army drama" characterized by funny performances, which developed from the actors' performances in the pre-Qin period. Folk song and dance dramas entered the court and got greater development; Popular rap forms such as "rude words" and "variant characters" have appeared among the people. In the Song Dynasty, the urban commodity economy advanced by leaps and bounds, and many public entertainment places appeared-"Washe" and "Goulan"; Folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque have a comprehensive trend, and "Song Zaju" has appeared. In Jin Dynasty, on the basis of Song Zaju, "Jin Benyuan" appeared in the north and "Southern Opera" appeared in the south. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Northern Zaju" was formed in the north, and the southern opera was further developed and matured, forming a traditional opera.

2. The earliest mature form of China Opera ── Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Southern Opera is the earliest form of China Opera, which was formed in Wenzhou (formerly known as Yongjia) in Zhejiang at the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, and is called "Wandering in the Orchid". It was formed on the basis of the drama of the Song Dynasty, combined with artistic factors such as southern folk ditty and rap. Its characteristics are huge system and concise lyrics, which have the basic artistic characteristics of China traditional opera. Drama mostly shows folk stories.

3. The first prosperous period of China opera ── Yuan Zaju.

Yuan Dynasty is an important period in the history of China opera. Famous for Yuan Qu, the most influential writer in Yuan Qu is only Northern Zaju (also known as Yuan Zaju). The literature of northern zaju is superior to simple nature, and the drama literature of later generations is second to none; Guan (), Wang (poetry), Bai (Pu), Ma (Zhiyuan) and other zaju writers have made a generation of northern zaju literature. The performance of the northern zaju shows the simplicity and rich folk flavor of the opera at the beginning of its formation.

4. The Second Prosperity Period of China Opera ── Legends of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Legend originated from the Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which is the result of the maturity and standardization of the Southern Opera. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, legends replaced zaju as the leading role in the drama stage. Hey? The word is taken from its bracket. Characteristics of lutein. Its scripts, literary works and dictionaries are exquisite, its system is huge, and there are countless famous works, which is the heyday of China traditional opera literature. The performance is becoming more and more mature, and more is sung with Kunqu opera.

5. The four major tunes of Ming Dynasty

The so-called four major tunes of Ming Dynasty are the collective names of Zhejiang Haiyan tune, Zhejiang Yuyao tune, Jiangxi Yiyang tune and Jiangsu Kunshan tune in the Southern Song Dynasty system of China in Ming Dynasty. There was an obvious localization trend in the music of Ming Dynasty, mainly manifested in the rise of local tunes. The latter two have the greatest influence on later operas, namely Yiyang Opera and Kunshan Opera. The former has developed into a high-pitched opera system with extensive influence in China. The latter developed into an elegant and exquisite Kunqu opera.

6. The transformation period of China opera-the rise of local operas in Qing Dynasty.

Since the early Qing Dynasty, great changes have taken place in the stage of traditional Chinese opera, which is mainly manifested in the folk and popularization of traditional Chinese opera. First, Kunqu opera and Gao Qiang prevailed, and then the rise of local operas. Since then, the stage of national drama is no longer the world of legendary drama, and Kunqu Opera and Gaoqiang have competitors from the people. The performance place of China traditional opera has also changed from a hall to a teahouse.

7. Huiban went to Beijing.

In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong, namely 1790, to celebrate Qianlong's eightieth birthday, "? Ji Hui's half-time performance in Beijing brought a totally different local tune from Kunqu Opera-jujube emblem tune, which gave the audience in Beijing a refreshing feeling. Subsequently, South, South, and other Huizhou classes went to Beijing in succession. Huizhou tune won the welcome of Beijing audience for its popularity and simplicity, and has since taken root in Beijing.

8. The formation of Peking Opera is an important event in the history of China opera.

After Huiban went to Beijing, Hubei Han Diao artists also went to Beijing to perform with Huiban artists during the Daoguang period (around 1828). They sang Pi Huangqiang as Huizhou artists, but with more Hubei style. Hui and Han nationalities coexist in Beijing. After decades of development, Pi Huangqiang Jujube Peking Opera with unique northern characteristics was finally formed around 1840.

9. The first heyday of Peking Opera-Tongzhi and Guangxu years in Qing Dynasty.

Shortly after the formation of Beijing Opera, it ushered in its first prosperous period, which was during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, a group of outstanding Peking Opera actors appeared, which attracted the love of court officials at this time. The rich material conditions in the palace promoted its artistic maturity.

10, the second peak of Peking Opera ── 1920s-40s.

What happened in the early 20th century? The new trend of thought brought by Shuo has greatly promoted the development of Beijing opera art, and Beijing opera has ushered in a second prosperous period. The prosperity of Peking Opera in this period is mainly manifested in the emergence of outstanding Peking Opera actors. In addition, this period is also the period with the most schools of Peking Opera, with Mei Lanfang, Shang and Xun all in Danxing. ; Yu School, Ma School and Qi School; Jin (Shaoshan) school, Hao (birthday) school, (post) school, Xiao (Changhua) school, etc. The founders of each genre have a considerable number of plays, so this period is also a prosperous period of Peking Opera literature. This period lasted until the late 1940s.

1 1, the third heyday of Beijing opera ── 1950s.

1949, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, and the whole country took on a new look. Therefore, Beijing Opera has ushered in its artistic spring. After more than ten years of development, his artistic life reached the third peak around 1959. The prosperity of this period is marked by the strength of the cast and the integrity of the echelon. The introduction of excellent repertoires such as Legend of the White Snake, General Peace, Mu Commanding, and Wild Pig Forest has also pushed the development of Peking Opera literature to a peak.

12, the emergence of emerging local operas ── Yue Opera, Pingju Opera, Huangmei Opera, etc.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a number of emerging local operas began to enter the stage of local operas, including Yue Opera, Pingju Opera and Huangmei Opera. They are all developed from folk operas and have a very strong local flavor. After entering the city, he absorbed the artistic nutrition of old operas such as Beijing Opera and Bangzi, and his performances were mature.

13, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription "Let a hundred flowers blossom and bring forth the new" for China Opera Research Institute.

195 1 year, China opera research institute was established. Mao Zedong wrote the inscription "Qian Qian" for him. A Glimpse at a Glance will be the guiding principle for the development of China opera in the future. In other words, the art of traditional Chinese opera should not only actively innovate on the basis of inheriting the tradition, but also require all kinds of operas to promote each other and develop together in free competition.

14, Peking Opera Modern Opera Exhibition was held.

1964, a modern Peking Opera performance was held in Beijing, and * * * presented 35 plays, among which the more famous ones are Hanging the Red Lantern High, Riding the Fire in the Reed, Surprised by the White Tigers, Taking the Tiger Mountain Outward, Dino, Six Doors, Red Sister-in-law, etc. This is a demonstration of Beijing Opera's achievements in composing and performing modern dramas.

15, Plum Blossom Award for Drama was established

The awards established in recognition of outstanding dramatists are sponsored by the Chinese Dramatists Association. Founded in 1983, it is selected once a year. It is the most influential national drama actor selection activity since the founding of New China.

16, the first Chinese Peking Opera Festival was held in Tianjin.

1995165438+10 In October, the first China Peking Opera Festival was held in Tianjin, with gold, silver and bronze awards, and a number of outstanding Peking Opera plays were presented. Among the award-winning plays, there are Cao Cao and, Civet cats for princes, and Yue by Harmony.

17, the second China Peking Opera Festival was held in Beijing.

1998 12 the second China Peking opera festival was held in Beijing. This year's Beijing Opera Festival has also produced a number of excellent new Peking Opera plays, such as Camel Xiangzi, Zhenguan Shi Sheng, Wind and Rain Tongrentang, Queen Bigfoot, One Man through the Ages and so on. Camel Xiangzi, adapted from Lao She's novel of the same name, is the best among many plays.

18, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) * * *

1August 1999 to1October 15, 18 and 15 were held in Beijing to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). The purpose of this activity is to launch a series of excellent new plays (drama, opera, ballet, musical, etc.). ) to prosper the national drama creation. Outstanding operas emerged in this activity include Huangmei Opera "Huizhou Woman", Sichuan Opera "Gold", Beijing Opera "Lotus Lantern", Zhenguan Shi Sheng, Huai Opera "Golden Dragon and Ephemera" and "Dream of Red Mansions".