The Economic Development after the Founding of New China and Its Causes

1, the three major transformations in the early days of the People's Republic of China?

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the * * * Production Party of China organized the socialist transformation of agriculture, capitalist industry and commerce and handicrafts throughout the country.

It marks that China has basically realized the transformation from private ownership of means of production to socialist public ownership, and the socialist revolution in ownership has won a decisive victory; China has initially established the basic system of socialism; Since then, it has entered the primary stage of socialism. ?

2. Economic expansion and recession (Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution)

1958 In May, the Second National Congress of the Eighth CPC officially adopted the general line of "building socialism with all efforts, striving for the upper reaches, and building socialism quickly and economically".

Although the starting point of this general line is to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture as soon as possible, it is impossible to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture quickly because of ignoring the objective economic laws. The main cause of famine later.

3. Reform and opening up

Reform and opening-up is the economic reform and opening-up policy that China began to implement in the late 1970s. Reform and opening up include internal reform and opening up.

China's domestic reform began in the countryside. Opening to the outside world is a basic national policy of China, and China's road to becoming a powerful country is a powerful driving force for the development of the socialist cause.

4. All the way

Belt and Road (English: Belt and Road, abbreviated as B&; R) is the abbreviation of "Silk Road Economic Belt" and "2 1 Century Maritime Silk Road".

Root cause:

First, confiscate bureaucratic capital and establish a socialist state-owned economy. In this way, the people's government has mastered the economic lifeline of the country and laid an economic foundation for consolidating the people's political power and restoring the national economy.

Second, stabilize prices and unify finance and economics. 1950, the national price was stable, ending the price increase stage of more than ten years. In order to solve the financial difficulties of the central government, the central government decided to manage the country's major finances and economy in a unified way and solve the phenomenon that the central government was out of touch with revenue and expenditure at that time. From 65438 to 0950, the national finance and economics began to improve.

Third, rationally adjust industry and commerce. In the early days of the founding of New China, private industry and commerce still played an important role in the national economy. Mobilizing their enthusiasm plays an important role in restoring and developing the national economy and striving for a fundamental improvement in national finance. 1950 in the first half of the year, the central government made reasonable adjustments to industry and commerce in the unified financial policy. This is mainly public-private relations and labor-capital relations.

Extended data

The Economic Characteristics of New China

1, the economy developed steadily and rapidly. According to preliminary accounting, the gross domestic product was 4.7156.4 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year. The primary, secondary and tertiary industries increased by 4.5%, 10.6% and 8.9% respectively. Total industrial added value 18.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7%. Consumption and investment grew steadily, and domestic demand increased significantly. Total retail sales of social consumer goods18391900 million yuan, an increase of 17 1%.

2. The price increase has been initially contained. Under the comprehensive effect of controlling currency, developing production, ensuring supply, invigorating circulation and strengthening supervision, the price increase has gradually narrowed.

3. Steady financial operation. An increase of 24.8%; Among them, the tax revenue was 8,972 billion yuan, an increase of 22.6%. The fiscal expenditure was1089.3 billion yuan, an increase of1905.6 billion yuan or 2 1.2%. Increase support for key areas such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers, education, health care, social security and employment, affordable housing projects and culture. At the end of the year, the M2 balance of broad money supply increased by 13.6% year-on-year.

4. Agriculture and rural development maintained a good momentum. The output of summer grain, early rice and autumn grain increased by 2.5%, 4.5% and 5. 1% respectively compared with 20 1. In 20 12, the annual grain output reached 57 12 1000 tons, an increase of 4.5%, achieving eight consecutive years of increase in production, and the total output and unit yield reached record highs. Cotton, oil, sugar, meat and other major agricultural products increased production in an all-round way. Production and living conditions in rural areas have been further improved.

5. Actively promote the adjustment of industrial structure. The ability of independent innovation has been enhanced, and strategic emerging industries have developed well. 20 12 annual research and experimental development (r&; D) Expenditure was 86 1 billion yuan, up by 2 1.9% over the previous year, accounting for 1.83% of the GDP. Terrestrial Advanced Television Systems Committee and the fourth generation mobile communication technology standard with independent intellectual property rights have become new international standards.

6, energy conservation and emission reduction work to further strengthen. Energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 2.0 1% in 20 12 years. Promulgate and implement the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction. Support 924 key energy-saving projects, which can form an annual energy-saving capacity of more than 22 million tons of standard coal after completion.

7. Regional development is more coordinated. The new 10 policies and measures for the development of the western region have been fully implemented. Measures to promote the leap-forward development and long-term stability of Tibet and Xinjiang, and accelerate the development of Tibetan areas in Qinghai and other four provinces have been well implemented, and counterpart support work has been carried out in an all-round way in the new period. The results of the revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China have been consolidated and expanded, and new progress has been made in industrial restructuring and reform and opening up. ?

Baidu Encyclopedia-China People and China Economy