Understand the application and development prospect of functional polymer materials.

Functional polymer materials originated in the late 1960s. By modifying the reactive groups on macromolecules, they have special functions such as chemical reactivity, catalytic activity, conductivity and biocompatibility. Compared with traditional polymer materials, functional polymer materials not only have physical and chemical properties, but also have other special properties due to the modification of special groups, which has attracted much attention. Nowadays, the focus of research is mainly on the relationship between the properties of functional polymers and their structures. Through continuous research and development of new structures and synthesis methods of functional polymers, new functional polymers with more functions are screened out, and the application fields of functional polymer materials are broadened. With the progress of science and technology, the field of functional polymer materials is undergoing innovation and development to serve the society.

I. Classification of Functional Polymer Materials

Functional polymer materials not only have the properties of traditional polymer materials, but also have the characteristics brought by special modification groups. According to its functional characteristics, it can be divided into reactivity, optics, electricity, biomedicine, environmental degradation, shape memory, adsorption and separation, liquid crystal, heat conduction and other functions. According to their structures, they can be divided into three types: main chain type, side chain type and bonded type.

1. Reactive functional polymer material

Reactive functional polymer materials mainly include polymer catalysts and polymer reagents. By grafting reaction centers or catalytic centers on polymer chains, the purpose of making small molecular reagents or catalysts macromolecules can be achieved.

2. Optical functional polymer materials

Optical functional polymer materials have the ability to absorb, store and convert light, mainly including photosensitive coatings, fluorescent agents, light conversion materials, photochromic materials and light guiding materials.

3. Electrically functional polymer materials

Electrically functional polymer materials mainly rely on their own conductive carriers to conduct electricity, or by adding carbon black, metal powder, foil and so on. , mainly including polyacetylene, linear polystyrene and various conductive plastics, rubber, coatings and films.

4. Biomedical functional polymer materials

Biomedical functional polymer materials are mainly used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and can also be used as substitutes or auxiliary materials for biological tissues and organs, mainly used in artificial organs, drug release, biological tissue engineering and other fields.

5. Environmental degradation functional polymer materials

Environmental degradation functional polymer materials refer to polymer materials that can be degraded by certain means, mainly including photodegradation and biodegradation, and are widely used in bioengineering and medical degradation of polymer materials.

6. Shape memory functional polymer materials

Polymer materials with shape memory function refer to materials that can restore their original shape by changing external conditions (temperature, pH value, electric field force, etc.). After changing and fixing its shape, it mainly includes thermal induction, induction, light induction and chemical induction, and is widely used in packaging, construction and other industries.

7. Polymer materials with adsorption and separation functions

Polymer materials with adsorption and separation function are polymer materials with adsorption function, mainly including ion exchange resin and adsorption resin.

8. Liquid crystal functional polymer materials

Liquid crystal functional polymer materials mainly come from the macroscopic composite of fiber matrix and resin matrix. Liquid crystal polymer materials have high strength, small thermal expansion coefficient and good electro-optical properties, which are mainly used to make liquid crystal displays and composite materials and are widely used in electronic industry.

9. Polymer materials with heat conduction function

Thermal conductive polymer materials refer to polymer materials with good thermal conductivity, mainly including high thermal conductive insulating glue.

Second, the application of functional polymer materials

Functional polymer materials are widely used in production and life because of their various functions. Therefore, in recent years, functional polymer materials have gradually developed in the direction of multi-function, and electromagnetic materials, conductive materials and photothermal materials have appeared one after another.

Reactive functional polymer materials are mainly used in chemical synthesis and chemical reactions, which are characterized by high reactivity, high selectivity and specificity. Optical functional polymer materials only have the functions of cross-linking light and decomposing light, and will show the same characteristics as light under physical and chemical actions, such as light stabilizers, photosensitive coatings, fluorescent agents, light conversion materials, photochromic materials and photoconductive materials, etc., which are mainly used in optical fibers, solar energy, integrated circuits and photovoltaic cells, and have been widely used in the electronic industry and the development and utilization of solar energy. Electrically functional polymer materials are widely used to produce batteries for special purposes, such as electronic devices and sensitive devices. Biomedical functional polymer materials can play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of physiological system diseases in organisms, effectively promote the recovery of biological functions, not only regenerate local tissues and organs, but also relieve pain, prolong patients' lives and improve their quality of life.

In recent years, polymer materials have developed rapidly and been widely used, but it is difficult to decompose in the natural environment, resulting in a lot of white pollution. Therefore, the development of degradable polymer materials has become an inevitable trend. Environmental degradation functional polymer materials have great application potential in food packaging boxes and medicine fields. Polymer materials with shape memory function have the advantages of small mass, large deformation and easy molding, and are used in medical treatment, packaging, construction and other fields. Ion exchange resin, as the representative, is a commonly used adsorption and separation material in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. Super absorbent resin can also absorb a lot of water and can be used as water-retaining agent in agriculture, gardens and seedling transplantation. Thanks to the rapid development of electrical appliance industry, liquid crystal functional polymer materials have developed rapidly in recent years, far exceeding the communication industry, industry and transportation industry. It is mainly used to make optical cable structural parts, manipulators, composite materials, functional parts, pump/valve components, connectors, relays, molded printed circuit boards, etc. It has greatly promoted the development of high-tech materials such as liquid crystal functional polymers. Polymer materials with heat conduction function are widely used, involving aerospace, daily chemical industry and other fields.

In biomedicine, functional polymer materials (such as reactive, biomedical and environmentally degradable functional polymer materials) are widely used, including artificial organs, drug release, biological tissue engineering and other fields. Functional polymer materials with good biocompatibility have made outstanding contributions in the field of organ transplantation, such as hip joint, a polymer material independently developed in China, which has little rejection and good compatibility, and patients benefit significantly. Medical plastics are common in biomedicine, accounting for more than 15% as raw materials for medical devices.

In chemical production, organic active materials such as ion exchange resin, macroporous adsorption resin and other polymer materials with special functions have been widely used for a long time. Polymerase transforms the commonly used high-temperature and low-pressure reaction into normal-temperature and low-pressure reaction, which has brought a qualitative leap to the development of China's chemical industry. High efficiency polymer separation membrane has laid a good foundation for chemical manufacturing. Functional polymer materials can also optimize industrial automation control by preparing related sensing devices, which shows that the chemical field is one of the important places for the full application of functional polymer materials.

In the field of electronic industry, functional polymer materials have applications in the manufacture of integrated circuits and organic electronic devices. For example, photoresist and photoresist can be used in the manufacture of integrated circuits, and with the development of society, higher requirements are put forward for their performance. Among them, photosensitive resin can play a good role in corrosion resistance, and chemical etching is effective in removing and retaining semiconductor oxide layer.

In the field of information, information storage media can be made of liquid crystal polymers. At present, the main research content is to make information storage media with hot-melt side-bonded liquid crystal polymers. Compared with optical disk storage, it has high reliability and hard texture, and can be used as a long-term storage method of important data. At the same time, polymer liquid crystal is also widely used in electronic industry.

Third, the development prospect of functional polymer materials

With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the research of functional polymer materials is deepening. In-depth development and research on new organic functional polymer materials at home and abroad have not only brought convenience to people's lives, but also promoted social development. At present, the research content of polymer materials in China is mainly reflected in the safety of materials, compatibility with tissues and blood, biological properties and improvement of mechanical, mechanical and physical properties. Functional polymer materials are not limited to this, but are developing in the direction of green, intelligence, multifunction and high performance.

The greening of (1) functional polymer materials. Because of its own characteristics, polymer materials are difficult to be degraded naturally, which leads to increasingly serious pollution, which also seriously restricts the development of polymer materials. The greening of functional polymer materials can be degraded by natural or other means, which is conducive to the harmonious development of society, protecting green mountains and green waters and building an environment-friendly society.

(2) Intelligentization of functional polymer materials. 2 1 century is the century of information and intelligence, and intelligence has become a hot research topic. Using the function of storing, transmitting and processing information of functional polymer materials is an important research direction of functional polymer materials. Once a breakthrough is made, it will bring great-leap-forward development in the fields of polymer intelligent materials and artificial intelligence.

(3) Multifunctional functional polymer materials. Functional polymer materials enhance the original functions of polymer materials, and achieving more applications is a multifunctional purpose, which is also conducive to broadening the development space of functional polymer materials. With the development of science and technology, polymer materials with multiple functions will be developed.

(4) High performance of functional polymer materials. Functional polymer materials are characterized by physical and chemical properties, and enhancing physical and chemical properties is one of the important development directions of functional polymer materials. Such as corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and aging resistance, are of great significance in aerospace, electronics industry, automobile transportation, household appliances and other fields.

In addition to the above four aspects, some scholars have developed polymer materials with special functions based on the application of traditional materials, such as polymer materials with stealth function and polymer materials with biocompatibility, which are not only of scientific significance, but also of strategic significance. Some scholars have developed intelligent polymer hydrogels, which are widely used in sensors, actuators, drug carriers and biocatalysis.

Four. conclusion

There are many kinds of functional polymer materials, which are widely used and have broad prospects. With the continuous development of society, functional polymer materials have made continuous progress, and their application fields have also expanded from material fields to chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, transportation, medicine, information and other fields. The excellent performance of functional polymer materials can bring technological progress in various fields, even achieve a qualitative leap, produce huge economic and social benefits in various industries, and promote new products to the market. The development of functional polymer materials will promote the development of science and technology in China and bring new development opportunities for science and technology in the fierce competition. The research on functional polymer materials in China started late, but with the improvement of comprehensive national strength and the progress of science and technology, many achievements have been made in this field. But we can't rest on our laurels. We should improve and perfect all kinds of polymer materials, increase investment and promote the stable and sustainable development of various fields in China. The development of functional polymer science is inevitable. We should conform to the situation, realize the inevitability of development, meet the objective needs, and make scientific planning on this basis to promote the development of functional polymer materials in China.