History of Chinese Mathematics

I. The Origin and Early Development of Chinese Mathematics

According to "Yi - The Series of Rhetoric", "In the ancient times, we knotted the rope and ruled, and in the later times, the sages changed it into the Book of Deeds". In the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Yinxu, there are a lot of words for counting. From one to ten, and a hundred, thousand, ten thousand is the special notation text, *** there are 13 independent symbols, notation with the book written in the book, which has a decimal system of notation, the largest number appeared for thirty thousand.

Calculation chip is an ancient Chinese calculation tool, and this calculation method is called chips. The date of the creation of counting chips is not known, but it is certain that counting chips in the Spring and Autumn period has been very common.

With the counting chips, there are vertical and horizontal two ways:

Indicating a multi-digit number, the decimal value system, the number of values arranged from left to right, vertical and horizontal [law is: a vertical and ten horizontal, a hundred and a thousand stiffs, a thousand, ten look at each other, ten thousand, a hundred equivalent], and a blank space to indicate zero. Chips for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations to establish a good condition.

Chips were gradually replaced by beads until the end of the Yuan Dynasty in the fifteenth century, and ancient Chinese mathematics made its brilliant achievements on the basis of chips.

In the area of geometry, the Historical Records of the Xia Dynasty (史记-夏本记) says that Xia Yu used the tools of charting and measuring, such as the rule of thumb, rectangle, quasi, and rope, when he ruled over the water, and he had already discovered the special case of the theorem of the hook and the strand (勾股定理) [known as the collinearity theorem (勾股定理) in the West], which is "the hook and the strand. During the Warring States period, the book "Kao Gong Ji," written by the Qi state, summarized the specifications of craft technology at that time, included some measurements, and touched on some geometric knowledge, such as the concept of angle.

The Hundred Schools of Thought during the Warring States period also contributed to the development of mathematics, and some schools of thought summarized and generalized many abstract concepts related to mathematics. Famous ones are the definitions and propositions of certain geometrical terms in the Mojing, such as: "Circle, the same length in one center", "Ping, the same height", etc. The Mojing also gives the concepts of exhaustion and infinity. The Mozi also gives the definitions of the infinite and the poor. The Zhuangzi records the famous doctrines of Huishi and others, as well as the theses put forward by debaters such as Huan Tuan and Gongsun Long, which emphasize abstract mathematical ideas, such as: "To the great and the great beyond is called the great one, and to the small and the small without the inside is called the small one," and "The flogging of a ruler, taking half of it in the day, will not be exhausted in ten thousand lifetimes," and so on. These definitions of many geometric concepts, the idea of limits and other mathematical propositions are quite valuable mathematical ideas, but this new idea that emphasizes abstraction and logical rigor has not been well inherited and developed.

In addition, the I Ching, which tells of yin and yang gossip and predicts good and bad fortune, already has the germ of combinatorial mathematics and reflects the idea of binary.

Second, the formation of the Chinese mathematical system and the foundation

This period includes the history of mathematical development from the Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei and Jin Dynasties, the North and South Dynasties, ****400 years. Qin and Han is the formation of the ancient Chinese mathematical system, in order to make the ever-expanding mathematical knowledge systematized, theorized, mathematical books appeared one after another.

The earliest mathematical monograph in Chinese history is the book of the Western Han Dynasty, "The Book of Mathematics", unearthed in 1984 in Zhangjia Mountain, Jiangling, Hubei Province, which was written in the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, and at the same time unearthed a book of the Han CV genealogy was recorded in the second year of the Empress Lv (186 B.C.), so the date of completion of the book as late as 186 B.C. (which should have been in the previous year).

The Zhou Thigh Calculating Scripture compiled at the end of the Western Han Dynasty (the first century B.C.E.), although it is an astronomical work that talks about the cosmology of the Gaitian theory, contains many mathematical contents, and there are two main achievements in mathematics: (1) the special case and universal form of the collinearity theorem; (2) the Chenzi method of measuring the sun's altitude and distance, which is the forerunner of the later re-difference technique (collinearity measurement method). In addition, there are more complex problems of squaring and operations with fractions, etc.

The Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art is an ancient mathematical classic that has been compiled, deleted and revised by several generations, and was written in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty [the first century B.C.]. The whole book is written in the form of problem sets, *** collected 246 problems and their solutions, which belong to nine chapters, namely, square field, corn, decay points, less wide, commercial work, even loss, surplus and deficit, equations and hook and strand. The main topics include the four rules of fractions and the proportional algorithm, various calculations of area and volume, and calculations about hook-and-square measurements. In terms of algebra, the concept of negative numbers and the law of addition and subtraction of positive and negative numbers introduced in the chapter of Equations are the earliest records in the history of mathematics in the world; the method of solving systems of linear equations in the book is basically the same as that taught in secondary schools nowadays. In terms of the characteristics of the Nine Chapters of the Art of Arithmetic, it focuses on application and the connection of theory to practice, forming a mathematical system centered on the preparation of calculations, which has a profound influence on the ancient Chinese arithmetic. Some of its achievements, such as decimal value system, present-day art, surplus and deficit art, etc. also spread to India and Arabia, and through these countries to Europe, promoting the development of world mathematics.

Chinese mathematics in the Wei and Jin dynasties had a greater theoretical development. Among them, the work of Zhao Shuang (date of birth and death unknown) and Liu Hui (date of birth and death unknown) is considered to be the beginning of the theoretical system of ancient Chinese mathematics. Zhao Shuang, a native of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, was one of the earliest mathematicians in ancient China to prove mathematical theorems and formulas. He made a detailed commentary on the Zhou Thigh Calculating Classic, and rigorously proved the Collinear Theorem by geometrical methods in the Notes on the Collinear Circle and Square Diagrams, which embodied the idea of the Principle of Cutting and Complementing. Zhao Shuang also proposed a new method of solving quadratic equations by geometrical methods. 263, Liu Hui, a native of the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, annotated and interpreted Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art, in which he not only explained and deduced the methods, formulas, and theorems of the original book in general, and systematically expounded the theoretical system and mathematical principles of traditional Chinese mathematics, but also created a lot of creativity in his exposition, and created the technique of cutting a circle (i.e., by using the area of a circle inside the circle to connect to a square polygon to infinitely approximate the area of a circle) in Volume 1 of the Fangtian. (i.e. the method of infinitely approximating the area of a circle by the area of a square polygon inside a circle), laying a theoretical foundation and providing a scientific algorithm for the study of pi, and his use of the "Circle Cutting" resulted in the approximate value of pi as 3927/1250 (i.e. 3.1416); in the chapter of "Shang Gong", in order to solve the problem of the volume formula of the sphere and constructed a In the chapter of "Shang Gong", he constructed the geometrical model of "Mou He Fang Gai" to solve the problem of ball volume formula, which opened the way for Zu Yi to get the correct result; in order to establish the theory of volume of polyhedron, he successfully proved the Yang Ma Jie by applying the method of limit; and he also wrote "Haidao Calculating Scripture", which promoted the ancient technique of hook and strand measurement ---- and re-difference technique.

Society in the period of North and South Dynasties was in a state of war and division for a long time, but the development of mathematics still flourished. Arithmetic works such as Sun Tzu's Arithmetic Scripture, Xiahou Yang's Arithmetic Scripture, and Zhang Qiu Jian's Arithmetic Scripture appeared. The Sun Zi Shu Jing (孙子算經), written around the fourth or fifth century A.D., gave and answered the problem of "Things do not know their numbers," which led to the indiscriminate use of the problem of solving the group of congruences at one time in China; and the Hundred Chickens Problem (百鸡问题) of the Zhang Qiu Jian Shu Jing (张丘建算經), which led to the problem of the indeterminate system of three unknowns.

In the fifth century A.D., the work of Zu Chongzhi and Zu Yi, the father and son, is most representative of this period; based on Liu Hui's commentary on the Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art, they took traditional mathematics a step further and became a model for the importance of mathematical thinking and mathematical reasoning. They also made outstanding contributions to astronomy. Their work "Suffixing Art" has been lost. According to historical records, they had three main achievements in mathematics: (1) Calculating pi to the sixth decimal place, they got 3.1415926 <π< 3.1415927, and found that the approximate rate of π was 22/7, and the dense rate was 355/113, of which the dense rate was the optimal value for the numerator denominator within 1,000, which was the best value in Europe until the Sixteenth-century Germans Ertu (valentinus otto) and the Dutch Antonisz (a.anthonisz) to arrive at the same result; (2) Zu Yi Liu Hui work on the basis of the correct formula for the volume of the sphere, and put forward the "power of the potential is the same, then the product can not be different" principle of the volume of the two-dimensional three-dimensional heights of the intercepted area of equal volume of the two bodies are equal to the theorem. Europe seventeenth century Italian mathematician Cavalieri (bonaventura cavalieri) only proposed the same theorem; (3) the development of the quadratic and cubic equations.

The contemporaneous astronomer and calendarist He Chengtian created the method of adjusting the sun to approximate the real numbers by rational fractions, developing the ancient algorithm of indefinite analysis and numerical approximation.

Three, the establishment of China's mathematical education system

Sui-Dynasty, a large construction, objectively promote the development of mathematics. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Xiaotong wrote the "Ancient Calculation Scriptures", mainly through the calculation of earthworks in civil engineering, the division and acceptance of the project as well as warehouses and cellar calculations and other practical problems, discussing how to geometrically establish the cubic polynomial equations, and developed the theory of the opening of the Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art of the Shao Guang and Goushi Chapter.

Sui-Tang period is the establishment of China's feudal bureaucracy, with the establishment of the imperial examination system and the establishment of the State Prison system, mathematical education has developed significantly. 656 State Prison set up arithmetic hall, with a doctor of arithmetic and assistant professor, by the Imperial Historian Li Chunfeng and other people compiled and annotated the "arithmetic scripture ten books" [including the "Zhou Thighs Arithmetic," "Nine Chapters of the Art of Arithmetic," "Sea Island Arithmetic", "Sun Zi Arithmetic," "Zhang Qiu Jian Arithmetic Scriptures", "Xiahou Yang Arithmetic Scriptures", "Ancient Arithmetic Scriptures", "Wucao Arithmetic Scriptures", "Wujing Arithmetic", and "Suffixing Arithmetic"], which served as the textbooks for the students of the Arithmetic Hall. It played an important role in preserving the ancient mathematical classics.

Since some major astronomical discoveries during the Northern and Southern Dynasties began to be implemented into the calendar at the turn of the Sui and Tang dynasties, some important mathematical results appeared in the calendar of the Tang Dynasty. In 600 A.D., Liu Zhuo of the Sui Dynasty was the first in the world to propose the equidistant quadratic interpolation formula in the formulation of the Imperial Calendar, which was an outstanding creation in the history of mathematics, and was developed into the unequal spacing quadratic interpolation formula by the Tang Dynasty's Sheng line in his Dayan Calendar.

Late in the Tang Dynasty, computational techniques were further improved and popularized, and many kinds of books on practical arithmetic appeared, striving for simplicity in the multiplication and division algorithms.

Four, the peak of China's mathematical development

After the death of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was still a continuation of the warlords and warlords, until the Northern Song Dynasty united China, agriculture, handicrafts and commerce rapidly prospered, and science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds. From the eleventh century to the fourteenth century A.D. [Song and Yuan dynasties], the mathematical calculations to reach the heights of the unprecedented prosperity of ancient Chinese mathematics, fruitful heyday. This period appeared a number of famous mathematicians and mathematical works, listed as follows: Jia Xian's "Huang Di nine chapters of the algorithm of fine grass" [in the middle of the 11th century], Liu Yi's "discussion of the ancient roots" [in the middle of the 12th century], Qin Jushao's "book of nine chapters of the book of the number" [1247], Li Ye's "measurement of the round sea mirror" [1248] and the "Yigu Yu Duan" [1259], Yang Hui's "nine chapters of the algorithm of the detailed explanation" [1261], Algorithms for Daily Use [1262] and Yang Hui's Algorithms [1274-1275], and Zhu Shijie's Enlightenment of Arithmetic [1299] and Siyuan Yujian [1303], among others. Song-Yuan mathematics reached the pinnacle of ancient Chinese mathematics, and of world mathematics at that time, in many areas. One of the main work:

A.D. 1050 years or so, the Northern Song Dynasty Jia Xian (birth and death dates unknown) in the "Huang Di nine chapter algorithm of fine grass" created the opening of any higher power of the "multiplication of the opening method", A.D. 1819 British Horner (William george horner) to come up with the same method. The Englishman William george horner came up with the same method only in 1819 AD. Jia Xian also listed the coefficients of the Binomial Theorem, and the similar "Basqua Triangle" did not appear in Europe until the 17th century. (Huangdi jiuzhang algorithm fine grass has been lost)

Between 1088 and 1095 AD, the northern Song Shen Kuo from the "wine family accumulation poppy" number and "layer altar" volume and other production practice problems proposed the "gap accumulation art". "gap product technology", began to study the sum of high-order isotropic series, and created a correct sum formula. Shen Kuo also put forward the "circle technique", came up with China's ancient mathematical history of the first arc length approximation formula. He also analyzed and studied the relationship between logistics, food supply and troop transportation, etc. by using the idea of operation research.

In 1247 A.D., Qin Jiushao of the Southern Song Dynasty popularized the method of increasing multiplication and opening in the Nine Chapters of the Book of Numbers, describing the numerical solution of higher equations, and he listed more than twenty solutions to higher equations from practice, up to ten equations. Europe to the sixteenth century Italian Philo (scipio del ferro) only proposed three times the solution of the equation. Qin Jiushao also systematically studied the theory of primary congruent equations.

In 1248 A.D., Li Ye (Li Zhi, 1192-1279 A.D.) wrote "Measuring the Circle and Sea Mirror," the first work to systematically discuss "tianyuan ji" (one-dimensional higher equations), which is an outstanding achievement in the history of mathematics. In the Preface to "Measuring the Circular Sea Mirror? Preface", Li Ye criticized the scientific practice, mathematics as "nine-nine cheap skills", "play with objects and lose ambition" and other fallacies.

In 1261 A.D., Yang Hui of the Southern Song Dynasty (date of birth and death unknown) used the "stacking technique" to find out the sum of several types of higher-order arithmetic series in "The Algorithm of the Nine Chapters". In 1274 A.D., he also described the "Jiu Gui Jie Fa" in the "Multiplication and Division Tong Chang Ben Mou" (The End of Multiplication and Division), which introduced various algorithms of multiplication and division in calculations. In 1280 A.D., when the Yuan Dynasty's Wang Xun and Guo Shoujing formulated the "Calendar of the Time", they listed the interpolation formula of the third difference. Guo Shoujing also used geometric methods to find two formulas equivalent to the present spherical triangle.

In 1303 A.D., Zhu Shijie of the Yuan Dynasty (date of birth and death unknown) authored the Four Elements Yujian, in which he popularized the Tianyuan Technique into the Quadratic Technique (Quadratic Higher-Degree Combined Equation) and proposed the solution method of elimination of elements. In Europe, it was not until 1775 A.D. that the Frenchman Bezout (etienne bezout) proposed the same solution. Zhu Shijie also on each finite term level summation problem, on the basis of which the interpolation formula of the higher difference, Europe to the British Gregory (james gregory) in 1670 A.D. and A.D. 1676 a 1678 years Newton (issac newton) to put forward the interpolation method of the general formula.

The fourteenth century A.D. our people have used the bead abacus. Before the emergence of modern computers, the abacus was the world's simple and effective calculation tool.

Fifth, the decline of Chinese mathematics and the development of day-to-day mathematics

This period refers to the mid-fourteenth century, the Ming dynasty was established to the end of the Ming Dynasty in 1582. Mathematics in addition to the bead counting the situation of overall decline, which involves the limitations of the Chinese counting, the thirteenth century examination system has been deleted from the mathematical content, the Ming Dynasty, the great rise of the eight examination system and other complex issues, many Chinese and foreign mathematical historians are still exploring the reasons involved.

The greatest achievement of the Ming Dynasty was the popularization of the bead counting, there are many bead counting readers, and Cheng Dawit's "Direct Algorithm Unification of the Zong" [1592], the theory of the bead counting has become a systematic, marking the completion of the transition from the chip counting to the bead counting. However, due to the popularity of bead counting, almost extinct chip counting, built on the basis of chip counting of ancient mathematics is also gradually lost, math stagnation for a long time.

Sixth, the introduction of Western primary mathematics and the integration of East and West

Beginning at the end of the sixteenth century, Western missionaries began to China, due to the Ming and Qing dynasties to formulate the needs of the astronomical calendar, missionaries began to the astronomical calendar and the Western primary mathematical knowledge of the Chinese mathematicians in the "West in the source of the idea of the mathematical research appeared. Chinese mathematicians in the "Western learning in the source" idea under the domination of mathematical research appeared in a fusion of Chinese and Western through the situation.

Toward the end of the sixteenth century, Western missionaries and Chinese scholars jointly translated many Western mathematical monographs. One of the first and influential is the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi translation of the first 6 volumes of the original geometry [1607], its rigorous logical system and the method of translation by Xu Guangqi respected. Xu Guangqi himself wrote Measurement and Measurement of Similarities and Differences and Gouxue Yi, which applied the logical reasoning method of Geometry Originally to argue for Chinese Gouxue Measurement. In addition, most of the terms used in the textbooks of the Principia Geometrica were pioneered and are still in use today. Second only to geometry in the imported Western mathematics was trigonometry. Prior to this, trigonometry was only sporadically known, but since then it has developed rapidly. The works that introduced western trigonometry include Deng Yu-hsan's The Great Measurement [2 vols., 1631], The Table of Eight Lines for Cutting Circles [6 vols.], and Luo Yagu's The Complete Measurement of Measurements [10 vols., 1631]. In the Chongzhen Calendar [137 volumes, 1629-1633] compiled under the auspices of Xu Guangqi, mathematical knowledge about the circular vertebral curve was introduced.

After the Qing Dynasty, the outstanding representative of the Chinese and Western mathematics is Mei Wending, who firmly believed that the Chinese traditional mathematics "must have the essence of reason," the ancient masterpieces of in-depth study, but also correctly treat the Western mathematics, so that it is rooted in China, the high tide of mathematical research in the mid-Qing Dynasty has a positive impact. His contemporaries also included Wang Xizhu and Nian Xiyao. The Kangxi Emperor loved scientific research, and his "Royal Decree" of "The Essence of Mathematics" [53 volumes, 1723], a relatively comprehensive book of elementary mathematics, had a certain impact on the mathematical research of the time.

Seven, the organization and revival of traditional mathematics

The Qianjia years to form a school of Ganjia mainly based on the study of evidence, compiled the "Siku Quanshu", which mathematical writings of the "Calculated by the ten books" and the Song and Yuan period of the writings for the preservation of endangered mathematical canon to make an important contribution to the annihilation of the book.

While studying traditional mathematics, many mathematicians also made inventions, such as Jiao Chuan, Wang Lai, and Li Rui, who were known as the "Three Friends of Heaven and Earth", who did a lot of important work. Li Shanlan obtained a formula for the summation of triangular self-multiplying stacks in his "Stacks and Stacks of Products" (ca. 1859), which is now known as "Li Shanlan's Constant Formula". These works were a step forward from the mathematics of the Song and Yuan dynasties. Ruan Yuan, Li Rui and others wrote a biography of astronomers and mathematicians, "Chou Ren Biography", 46 volumes [1795-1810], which is a pioneer in the study of the history of mathematics.

Eight, Western mathematics again East

1840 after the Crow War, the closed-door policy was forced to suspend. Tongwenkan set up "arithmetic", Shanghai Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau set up a translation museum, thus beginning the second translation of the introduction of the climax. The main translators and writings included: Li Shanlan and British missionary Weili Yali translated the last 9 volumes of Geometry Originally [1857], which gave China a complete Chinese translation of Geometry Originally; 13 volumes of Algebra [1859]; and 18 volumes of Substitute Microproducts [1859]. Li Shanlan and the British missionary Joseph Ai translated "conic curve" 3 volumes, Hua Hengfang and the British missionary Fu Lanya translated "Algebra" 25 volumes [1872], "micro-products traceability" 8 volumes [1874], "to solve the problem of mathematics" 10 volumes [1880] and so on. In these translations, many mathematical terms and terminology were created and are still used today. In 1898, the Peking University Hall was established, and the Tongwenkan was incorporated into it. 1905 saw the abolition of the imperial examinations and the establishment of Western-style schooling, using textbooks similar to those used in other Western countries.

Nine, the establishment of modern mathematics in China

This period is a period of time from the beginning of the 20th century to the present, often marked by the founding of the new China in 1949 is divided into two stages.

China's modern mathematics began in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican activities to study abroad. Early to go abroad to study mathematics are Feng Zu Xun in Japan in 1903, Zheng Zhifan in the U.S. in 1908, Hu Mingfu and Zhao Yuanren in the U.S. in 1910, Jiang Lifu in the U.S. in 1911, He Lu in France in 1912, Chen Jiangong in Japan and Xiong Qinglai in Belgium in 1913 [in 1915 to stay in France], and Su Bucing in Japan in 1919, and so on. Most of them returned to China and became famous mathematicians and mathematics educators, making important contributions to the development of modern mathematics in China. Among them, Hu Mingfu obtained a doctoral degree from Harvard University in 1917, becoming the first Chinese mathematician to obtain a doctoral degree. With the return of overseas students to China, mathematics education in universities around the world took off. Initially, only Peking University was established in 1912 when the establishment of the Department of Mathematics, in 1920 Jiang Lifu in Tianjin Nankai University to create the Department of Mathematics in 1921 and 1926 Xiong Qinglai in Southeast University [now Nanjing University] and Tsinghua University to establish the Department of Mathematics, Wuhan University, Qilu University, Zhejiang University, Sun Yat-sen University, one after another, the Department of Mathematics, in 1932, all over the world has been set up by the University 32 departments of mathematics or mathematics and science. In 1930, Xiong Qinglai established the first mathematics research department in Tsinghua University and began to recruit graduate students, and Chen Shengshen and Wu Daren became the earliest graduate students of mathematics in China. In the 1930s, some mathematicians went abroad to study mathematics, such as Jiang Zeihan [1927], Chen Shengshen [1934], Hua Luogeng [1936], and Xu Baoyuan [1936], who became the backbone of China's modern mathematical development. At the same time, foreign mathematicians also came to China to give lectures, such as the British Russell [1920], the American Birkhoff [1934], Osgood [1934], Wiener [1935], the French Adama [1936], etc. In 1935, the founding meeting of the Chinese Mathematical Society was held in Shanghai, and 33 delegates attended the meeting.1936, the Journal of the Chinese Mathematical Society was published, as was the Journal of Mathematics. In 1936, the Journal of the Chinese Mathematical Society and the Journal of Mathematics were published one after another, marking the further development of modern mathematical research in China. Mathematical research before liberation was concentrated in the field of pure mathematics, and more than 600 treatises were published at home and abroad***. In the field of analysis, Chen Jianguong's trigonometric number theory, Xiong Qinglai's study of subpure functions and integral function theory are masterpieces, in addition to the results of generalized analysis, calculus of variations, differential equations, and integral equations; in the field of number theory and algebra, Hua Luogeng's analytic number theory, geometric number theory, and algebraic number theory, as well as the recent algebraic studies have achieved results that have attracted attention from all over the world; in the field of geometry and topology, Su Bucing's differential geometry, Jiang Zhenhan's algebraic topology, and Su Bucing's differential geometry, have made the world's attention. In geometry and topology, Su Buqing's differential geometry, Jiang Zeihan's algebraic topology, and Chen Shengshen's fiber bundle theory and schematic class theory have done pioneering work: in probability theory and mathematical statistics, Xu Baoyuan has obtained many fundamental theorems and rigorous proofs in univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, Li Yan and Qian Bao-zhong pioneered the study of the history of Chinese mathematics, and they did a lot of groundbreaking work in the annotation and organization of ancient arithmetic historical materials and the analysis of the proofs, which brought back the glory of our national cultural heritage.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences was established in November 1949, and in March 1951 the Chinese Journal of Mathematics was reissued [changed to Journal of Mathematics in 1952], and the Chinese Journal of Mathematics was reissued [changed to Mathematical Bulletin in 1953] in October 1951, and the Chinese Mathematical Society convened its first congress after the founding of the People's Republic of China in August 1951 to discuss the direction of mathematical development and the reform of mathematics teaching in schools. The Chinese Mathematical Society held its first national congress after the founding of the People's Republic of China in August 1951, discussing the direction of the development of mathematics and the reform of mathematics teaching in various types of schools.

Mathematical research after the founding of the country has made great progress. the early 50's on the publication of Hua Luogeng's "stack prime number theory" [1953], Su Bucing's "Introduction to projective curves" [1954], Chen Jiankong's "right-angle function of the sum of the series" [1954], and Li Yanyan's "in the history of computing series" 5 [1954-1955] and other monographs, to 1966, *** published By 1966, *** had published more than 20,000 mathematical papers of various kinds. In addition to the number theory, algebra, geometry, topology, function theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics, history of mathematics and other disciplines continue to achieve new results, but also in the differential equations, computational techniques, operations research, mathematical logic and mathematical foundations of the branch of breakthroughs, there are many treatises to reach the world's advanced level, and at the same time, training and growth of a large number of outstanding mathematicians.

In the late 1960s, China's mathematical research basically stopped, education was paralyzed, the loss of personnel, and the interruption of foreign exchanges, and then the situation changed slightly through the efforts of many parties; in 1970, the Journal of Mathematics resumed publication, and the first issue of the Practice and Understanding of Mathematics was created; in 1973, Chen Jingrun published a paper entitled "The Large Even Numbers Represented by the Sum of the Products of a Prime Number and a Number Not More Than Two Primes" on Science China, which was the first paper on Goldbach's theory of mathematical mathematics in China. In 1973, Chen Jingrun published the paper "Representation of Large Even Numbers as a Sum of a Prime Number and a Product of Not More Than Two Prime Numbers" in Science of China, and made outstanding achievements in the study of Goldbach's Conjecture. In addition, Chinese mathematicians have made some innovations in function theory, Markov processes, probability applications, operations research, and preferential methods.

The third congress of the Chinese Mathematical Society was held in November 1978, marking the revival of mathematics in China. 1978 saw the resumption of the National Mathematics Competition, and 1985 saw China's participation in the International Mathematical Olympiad. 1981 saw Chen Jingrun and other mathematicians awarded the National Natural Science Prize, and 1983 saw the first batch of doctoral degrees conferred by the state on 18 young and middle-aged scholars, two-thirds of whom were mathematical scientists. 1986 saw the first batch of doctoral degrees awarded to Chinese mathematicians. In 1986, China sent representatives to the International Congress of Mathematicians for the first time and joined the International Mathematical Union, and Wu Wenjun was invited to give a 45-minute lecture on the history of ancient Chinese mathematics. In the last decade or so, mathematical research has been fruitful, the number of published papers and monographs has increased exponentially, and the quality has continued to rise. at the annual meeting celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Mathematical Society in 1985, the long-term goals for the development of mathematics in China had been set. The delegates were determined to work tirelessly to make China a new mathematical power in the world.