Characteristics of chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum, 60-150 cm tall. Stem erect, branched or unbranched, pilose. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 5-15 centimeters long, pinnately lobed or semilobed, base cuneate, white pubescent below, margin coarsely serrate or y lobed, base cuneate, stipitate. Heads solitary or several clustered at the tips of stem branches, 2.5-20 cm in diam.

The involucral bracts are multilayered, the outer layer green, striped, the margin membranous, the outside pilose; the ligulate flowers white, red, purple, or yellow. Flower color is red, yellow, white, orange, purple, pink, dark red and other colors, cultivated varieties are very many, the head of the inflorescences more varied, color, shape according to varieties of single petal, flat petals, spatulate petals and other types, among the tubular flowers, often all the specialization of all kinds of ligulate flowers; flowering period September-November. Stamens, pistils and fruits are mostly rudimentary.

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Chrysanthemum growing environment:

Chrysanthemum is a short-sunshine plants, in the short sunshine can be early flowering. Prefer sunlight, avoid shade, more drought-resistant, afraid of flooding. Prefer warm and humid climate, but also cold, severe winter rhizomes can overwinter underground. Flowers can withstand frost, but seedling growth and branching buds need higher temperatures. The optimal growth temperature is about 20 ℃.

Autumn chrysanthemum is a long night and day plant, 14.5 hours a day under long sunlight for stem and leaf nutrient growth, more than 12 hours a day of darkness and 100 degrees Celsius night temperature is suitable for flower bud development. But different varieties have different responses to sunlight.

The chrysanthemum is very adaptable, like cool, hardy, growth temperature of 18-21 ℃, the highest 32 ℃, the lowest 10 ℃, the underground rhizome low-temperature limit is generally a 10 ℃. Flowering minimum night temperature of 17 ℃, flowering (in, after) can be reduced to 15-13 ℃. Prefer full sun, but also slightly shade-tolerant. More tolerant of dryness, most avoid waterlogging. Prefer high and dry terrain, deep soil, rich in humus, easily fertile and well-drained sandy loam. In slightly acidic to neutral soil can grow, and PH6.2-6.7 better. Avoid continuous cropping.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia - Chrysanthemum