Could you please talk about the current situation of agricultural ecological parks at home and abroad? ~ The more, the better ~

Abstract: Developing sightseeing agriculture is an inevitable choice under the background of "green economy". Many sightseeing agricultural ecological parks lack scientific planning, design and management, which leads to vague positioning of tourism image and poor demonstration of sightseeing, ecology, popular science education and agricultural science and technology. It is pointed out that the planning of sightseeing agricultural ecological park should follow the principles of adjusting measures to local conditions, cultivating fine products and giving consideration to benefits. Combined with examples, the specific planning scheme is discussed, so as to build the ecological park into "ecological agriculture demonstration park", "sightseeing agricultural sightseeing park", "green food production park", "popular science education and agricultural science and technology demonstration park", and finally realize the unified and sustainable development of ecological, economic and social benefits of the ecological park.

Keywords: sightseeing agriculture; Ecological park; Ecological agriculture; Planning programming

China Library Classification. : S 18 1 document identification number: b article number:1672-2175 (2005) 03-0439-04.

With the popularization of the concepts of "green" and "ecology" and the rising status of agriculture and tourism, it is an inevitable choice to take the road of sightseeing agriculture development under the background of "green economy". Sightseeing agriculture is the product of the combination of traditional agriculture and modern tourism, and it is an eco-cultural tourism with the functions of leisure, entertainment and knowledge [1]. 2 1 century, sightseeing agriculture will be an important entertainment industry, and agricultural sightseeing parks, as the main part of sightseeing agriculture, will be further developed. Sightseeing agricultural ecological park is an ecological park model, which carries out agricultural layout and production in the sightseeing park, integrating agricultural activities, natural scenery, scientific and technological demonstration, leisure and entertainment, environmental protection and so on. , so as to achieve the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits [2]. However, in some areas, especially economically developed areas, the prospects of many projects are bleak due to blind development or improper planning. This paper discusses the planning and design of how to build a sustainable sightseeing agricultural ecological park, in order to provide methodological reference for the design and construction of sightseeing agricultural ecological park.

1 Problems in the planning and development of sightseeing agricultural ecological park

1. 1 Lack of scientific planning, design and management.

The main goal of the construction of sightseeing agriculture ecological park is to show the ecology and further expand the functions of ecological agriculture and sightseeing agriculture. However, the design of some ecological parks has not been scientifically planned in combination with the main goal of building parks, and the rich resource connotation of modern ecological parks has been fully tapped, resulting in unclear functional zoning, unreasonable design of tourist routes, single product structure and inability to utilize resources from multiple angles. In addition, the sightseeing agricultural ecological park with the theme of tourism and holiday is influenced by its own planning and design, and its tourist source is relatively single, so it is difficult to attract foreign tourists from distant cities. Furthermore, the park advocates the management mode of natural ecological balance, but the management personnel in the park have low cultural quality and poor ecological knowledge, which leads to poor service quality and chaotic management.

1.2 The positioning of tourism image is vague, and the sightseeing is not strong.

The development of ecological park takes sightseeing agriculture as the core, which requires overall positioning and scientific thinking, and needs to increase investment in tourism infrastructure, so that agriculture and tourism development can go hand in hand and complement each other. At present, some sightseeing agricultural ecological parks only rely on warm climate and special customs to build villas and entertainment places and develop large-scale resorts, which is contrary to the theme of eco-agricultural tourism. For example, some sightseeing agricultural ecological parks have a single agricultural production and layout, and the advantages of multifunctional "eco-agricultural tourism" and "green industry" are not prominent, and the sightseeing is poor; When developing tourism products, we only blindly pursue "big and complete", without the concept of "cultivating fine products" and lacking fist products and characteristic products. Therefore, the image of the whole ecological park is not obvious, the brand is not prominent, and it is impossible to achieve "people have no me, people have my essence, and people are refined and new". Eventually, tourism projects are monotonous, unattractive and difficult to develop in depth. Therefore, in planning and capital investment, we should highlight the theme, grasp the direction, and avoid deviating from the theme of "agricultural tourism" and losing the characteristics and advantages of modern eco-agricultural sightseeing parks.

1.3 The ecological demonstration function is not strong.

Sightseeing agricultural ecological park adopts ecological park mode to carry out the layout and production of agriculture in the park, takes ecological agriculture as the basis of agricultural sightseeing, and embodies the principle of "integrity, circulation, coordination and regeneration" and the connotation of "ecological culture". Some ecological parks are only developed under the guise of sightseeing agriculture, and they simply pursue profits, without adopting the mode of ecological agriculture to design and produce. The pollution-free products produced are also high-output with high input, not completely in accordance with the production mode of organic agriculture. The investment value and development potential of this ecological park economy lacking cultural connotation will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is difficult to play the corresponding demonstration role of ecological agriculture, and at the same time, it does not have the ability to produce green food through organic agriculture, and it is difficult to achieve the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits.

1.4 popular science education and agricultural science and technology demonstration are not strong.

Eco-tourism is not only a kind of natural sightseeing, but also a high-level tourism activity and educational activity that pays attention to protecting nature. Sightseeing agriculture, as a product of the combination of traditional agriculture and modern tourism, is essentially an eco-cultural popular science tourism with leisure, entertainment and knowledge functions [3]. At present, there is a big market gap in agricultural science popularization in China, which is a perfect supplement to the new direction of our modern agricultural development-sightseeing agriculture. Tourism science popularization naturally becomes the new direction of sightseeing agriculture and agricultural science popularization. Most ecological parks have not set up special science popularization education centers and environmental protection education publicity bases, and cannot provide extracurricular practice bases and primary school environmental protection education bases for local universities. In addition, the quality of tour guides is low, so it is difficult for the ecological park to play its corresponding educational function, and the promotion and demonstration effect of modern agricultural technology in the surrounding areas is not good, and it is impossible to create a good environment for the development of agriculture and popular science in China.

2 planning principles and general ideas of sightseeing agricultural ecological park

2. 1 planning principles and guiding ideology

2. 1. 1 Comprehensive planning and design according to local conditions.

The planning of ecological park should fully consider the original resource base of agricultural production, adjust measures to local conditions, do a good job in infrastructure construction such as transportation, water and electricity, accommodation, and further build entertainment places and resorts [4]. In addition, the planning of the ecological park must be combined with the human landscape of the area where the ecological park is located, and agricultural and sideline products and tourism products with local agricultural and cultural characteristics should be developed to serve the society.

2. 1.2 Cultivate high-quality products and create a theme image.

Based on the current situation that the sightseeing agricultural ecological park lacks fist products and is difficult to develop in depth, the planning of the ecological park should take the eco-agricultural model as the overall layout of agricultural production in the park to cultivate the vitality of eco-tourism sightseeing agricultural products. In addition, we should give full play to the existing production advantages of the ecological park, adopt organic agricultural planting and planting mode to produce pollution-free vegetables, reflect the application prospect of agricultural high technology, form product characteristics, and create a "green, safe and ecological" theme image.

2. 1.3 Balance interests and realize sustainable development.

The planning and design of ecological park takes ecological theory as the guiding ideology, and adopts ecological principles, environmental technology, biotechnology and modern management mechanism to form a virtuous cycle of agricultural ecosystem in the whole park. After scientific planning, the ecological park mainly realizes its ecological benefits through the design of ecological agriculture; Using modern organic agriculture planting mode and high-tech production technology to realize the economic benefits of ecological park; Realize its social benefits by the planning and design of agricultural sightseeing park. To build a sustainable sightseeing agricultural ecological park, we should realize the unity of economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits.

2.2 Sightseeing Agricultural Ecological Park Planning Objectives

Through scientific planning and design, the modern sightseeing agricultural ecological park should be a multifunctional ecological agriculture demonstration park, sightseeing agricultural sightseeing park, organic agriculture green park, popular science education and agricultural science and technology demonstration park, so as to realize the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

2.2. 1 Ecological Agriculture Demonstration Park

The design of sightseeing agricultural ecological park adopts various eco-agricultural modes for layout, aiming at establishing an agricultural ecosystem that can rationally utilize natural resources, maintain ecological stability and maintain high efficiency, improve agricultural productivity, obtain more grain and other agricultural and sideline products, realize sustainable eco-agriculture, show the agricultural structure adjustment and industrialization development in marginal areas, and embody the characteristics of eco-tourism.

2.2.2 Sightseeing Agricultural Sightseeing Park

The planning of sightseeing agricultural ecological park will closely focus on agricultural production, make full use of rural landscape, local ethnic customs and local culture, develop distinctive agricultural and sideline products and tourism products on the basis of embodying the beauty of natural ecology, and provide tourists with sightseeing, sightseeing, tasting, shopping, participating in farming, leisure, vacation and other activities to form a distinctive "sightseeing agricultural sightseeing park".

2.2.3 Green Food Production Park

Under the general trend that "green consumption" has become the global overall consumption, the planning of ecological park should further strengthen the planning of the origin of organic green agricultural products, produce organic agricultural products by organic planting mode and clean production mode, and pay attention to transforming organic agricultural products into organic foods and forming brands.

2.2.4 Popular Science Education and Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park

Through the construction of agricultural museums and exhibition halls in the park, environmental education and popular science education will be carried out for tourists and primary and secondary school students. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of China's agricultural development and agricultural structure adjustment, the park should be planned as an agricultural technology exchange center, a training base and an internship base for college students, so as to reflect the popular science function of the sightseeing agricultural ecological park and further create the image of fine tourism products.

3 overall planning scheme of ecological park

3. 1 Functional Zoning Planning of Ecological Park

Planning should be based on the nature of resources, landscape characteristics and its existing environment, on the basis of maintaining the original natural terrain and the integrity of the original ecological park, combined with future development and objective needs, appropriate design should be adopted to realize the functional zoning of the park. Taking Yongji Ecological Park in Huidong as an example, ecological agriculture demonstration area, sightseeing agricultural tourism area and popular science education function area can be set up in the design according to local conditions.

3. 1. 1 Eco-agriculture Demonstration Zone

Eco-agricultural demonstration area is the core part of ecological park design, the most important benefit source and demonstration area of ecological park, and the foundation of its survival and development. The planning and design of eco-agricultural demonstration area should be guided by ecological principles and follow the laws of material circulation and energy flow in the ecosystem. The types of eco-agriculture used in park design include producers, consumers and decomposers.

For example, in the new planning of Yongji Ecological Park, the "animal and plant * * * system" ecological agriculture type in the paddy field ecological zone adopts the growth mode of rice, fish and duckweed [5, 6]; The orchard ecological zone adopts "three-dimensional planting" ecological agriculture and adopts the mode of combining orchard with farming [7]; The design of fish pond ecological zone adopts the type of "food chain and processing chain ecological agriculture"-the planting and breeding mode of combining pigs, ducks, fish and grass [8]. These types of ecological agriculture make full use of the biological relationship of various organisms, string all ecological elements in a food chain, transform each other, and make full use of energy and matter, thus forming an ecological cycle of benign material energy, reflecting high ecological and economic benefits.

In addition, in order to improve the economic benefits of the ecological park, the vegetable growing areas in the ecological park adopt large-scale industrialized production mode. It not only has the advantages of high production efficiency, strong industrial driving force, centralization and unification, but also has a demonstration and reference function for other agricultural industrialized enterprises. The flower cultivation area mainly produces all kinds of edible and ornamental flowers for tourists to taste, appreciate and buy. Edible fungi center is both a producer and a decomposer in the planning of ecological park, which embodies the function of making full use of waste. After scientific planning, the ecological park will take ecological agriculture as the main core content of "eco-tourism" of the ecological park, which embodies various functions of "green, ecological and demonstration" and can become the tourism boutique and leading product of the sightseeing agricultural ecological park.

3. 1.2 tourist area

2 1 century, with the change of human production and lifestyle and the deepening of rural urbanization and urban-rural integration, agriculture gradually shifted from traditional production forms to landscape, ecology, health, medical care, education, sightseeing, leisure and vacation, so ecological fever, rejuvenation fever and leisure fever became the pursuit and desire of citizens. The new design of the ecological park pays attention to the combination of agriculture, ecology and tourism, and uses pastoral landscape, agricultural production activities, rural ecological environment and eco-agricultural business model to attract tourists to watch, taste, exercise, farmhouse experience, fitness, scientific investigation, environmental education, vacation and shopping. Break through the fixed tourist source channels, attract tourists from surrounding cities to stay for a short time on weekends and holidays with special tourism projects close to nature, maximize the use of resources and increase tourism income.

The planning of ecological park is based on the premise of fully developing agricultural resources and agricultural products with sightseeing value, with the theme of green, health and leisure. There will be a flower promenade, a wildfire park, a green restaurant, a green gift shop, a farmhouse activity park, a fishing area, an agricultural workshop, an open-air teahouse, an ecological park, a Xatu forest and other leisure and entertainment places in the park, so that visitors can enjoy the pastoral scenery in a perfect ecological environment.

3. 1.3 Functional area of popular science education

The development of sightseeing agriculture and agricultural science popularization is unified, and tourism science popularization is the unified product of sightseeing agriculture and agricultural science popularization. Tourism popular science is a new type of popular science that uses modern enterprise management mechanism to develop and utilize agricultural resources [1]. Its introduction will solve many bottleneck problems that plague the development of modern sightseeing agriculture and popular science in China at present, alleviate the heavy pressure of too many agricultural popular science objects in China, and create a good environment for the development of agriculture and popular science in China.

Tourism science popularization planning should follow the principles of knowledge [9], science and technology and interest. For example, popular science education centers such as agricultural science museum and modern agricultural science and technology Expo area can be set up in the ecological park to introduce agricultural history and agricultural development status to tourists, popularize agricultural knowledge and strengthen environmental education. You can also set up a modern agricultural science and technology research center in the modern agricultural science and technology Expo area, and cultivate various crops by bioengineering methods to form characteristic agriculture. On the one hand, this ecological park can provide a base for popular science education in local and surrounding areas, a place for popular science education in universities, primary and secondary schools, and a place for various exhibitions, large-scale agricultural technology exchanges, academic conferences and agricultural technology training.

3.2 Other Planning of Ecological Park

3.2. 1 Garden Road Planning

According to the idea of garden planning and design, from the use function of the garden, according to the topography, landform, functional area and scenic spot distribution of the ecological park, combined with the needs of garden management activities, comprehensive consideration and unified planning are made. The layout of the garden road will not affect the operating environment of the agricultural ecosystem in the park, nor will it affect the harmony and beauty of the scenic spots in the park. The garden road layout mainly adopts the natural garden layout, which makes the landscape in the ecological park beautiful and natural, and highlights the characteristics of the combination of agriculture and nature in the ecological park. The main road in the park is about 5 m wide, which is used for tram traffic and tourist distribution; Secondary roads connect various building areas and scenic spots; Dedicated lanes are used for garden management; Pedestrian lanes and mountain single lanes are mainly built around ecological parks, with a width of1.2 ~ 2 m.

3.2.2 Water supply, drainage and irrigation project planning

Ecological park mainly produces organic agricultural products, and agricultural production in the park needs a perfect irrigation system. At the same time, considering the environmental protection and the drinking water demand of tourists and gardeners, the water supply and drainage system is planned. In the planning, natural slopes and culverts with undulating terrain are mainly used to discharge rainwater into nearby water bodies; All artificial water supply and drainage systems should be buried with concealed pipes to avoid damaging the ecological environment and garden landscape; Agricultural products processing plants and domestic sewage discharge pipes are connected to the urban domestic water system, and shall not be discharged into the ground or ponds of the park to avoid environmental pollution.

3.2.3 Park Greening Design

The greening planning in the ecological park is based on the consideration of not affecting the ecological agriculture management and the functional requirements of the park, and combining with the requirements of plant landscaping, tourist activities and the landscape layout of the whole park. Perennial flowers and lawns are used for greening the flat land and hillside around the buildings in the whole park (except agricultural planting areas); Main roads and auxiliary places such as ecological parks (restaurants, science and technology museums, etc.). ) mainly planting flowers and foliage trees. Evergreen trees account for 70%~80% of the total greening trees in the park, and deciduous trees account for 20%~30%, so as to ensure that the park is evergreen all the year round. In short, the purpose of plant layout in the whole garden is to realize the coordination and unity of crops and green plants in various scenic spots and avoid negative effects (such as green plants and crops competing for external natural conditions, etc.). ).

4 abstract

Guided by ecological principles, the "Agricultural Ecological Demonstration Park" has established a virtuous cycle of ecological agriculture system in the whole park, which combines agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery science and makes the best use of various models. Finally, the purpose of fully utilizing solar energy, fully utilizing and protecting agricultural resources such as soil, water and biology will be achieved, which will provide a steady stream of power for the sustainable development of the ecological park and will produce huge ecological benefits. The construction of "Green Food Production Park" adopts modern agricultural production technology and organic agricultural planting methods, mainly for the production and sales of pollution-free agricultural products. It can be used as the fist product of ecological park, break through the international "green barrier", open up a broad international market, and earn foreign exchange through export, which will produce good economic benefits. The construction of "Sightseeing Agricultural Sightseeing Park" and "Science Popularization Education and Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park" will surely produce unprecedented social benefits by applying the core technologies of aesthetics and horticulture, setting up various tourism supporting facilities and vigorously developing tourism science popularization. The coordination and unification of the three benefits provide the impetus for the sustainable development of the ecological park, and provide the discussion direction for the sustainable development from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture [10].

With the progress of agricultural technology, the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the needs of social and economic development, this model of sightseeing agricultural ecological park with coordinated development of ecology, economy and social benefits will have a broad market. It adheres to the development direction of multi-industry integration, especially the organic combination of the primary industry and the tertiary industry, which makes the existing agriculture play a variety of functions; At the same time, the production mode of organic agriculture in the park also discusses the industrialization mode of ecological agriculture, that is, the integration, scale, specialization and intensification of production, processing and sales. Finally, the construction mode of the ecological park will also provide a demonstration role for the construction of ecological agriculture in the surrounding areas and provide certain reference value for the adjustment of rural industrial structure in China.

Agricultural Eco-Park Agricultural Eco-Park is an eco-park model, which carries out agricultural layout and production in the sightseeing park, integrating agricultural activities, natural scenery, scientific and technological demonstration, leisure and entertainment, environmental protection and so on. To achieve the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

Problems in the Planning and Development of Agricultural Ecological Park in China

First, there is a lack of scientific planning, design and management.

The main goal of the construction of sightseeing agriculture ecological park is to show the ecology and further expand the functions of ecological agriculture and sightseeing agriculture. However, the design of some ecological parks has not been scientifically planned in combination with the main goal of building parks, and the rich resource connotation of modern ecological parks has been fully tapped, resulting in unclear functional zoning, unreasonable design of tourist routes, single product structure and inability to utilize resources from multiple angles. In addition, the sightseeing agricultural ecological park with the theme of tourism and holiday is influenced by its own planning and design, and its tourist source is relatively single, so it is difficult to attract foreign tourists from distant cities. Furthermore, the park advocates the management mode of natural ecological balance, but the management personnel in the park have low cultural quality and poor ecological knowledge, which leads to poor service quality and chaotic management.

Second, the positioning of tourism image is vague and the sightseeing is not strong.

The development of ecological park takes sightseeing agriculture as the core, which requires overall positioning and scientific thinking, and needs to increase investment in tourism infrastructure, so that agriculture and tourism development can go hand in hand and complement each other. At present, some sightseeing agricultural ecological parks only rely on warm climate and special customs to build villas and entertainment places and develop large-scale resorts, which is contrary to the theme of eco-agricultural tourism. For example, some sightseeing agricultural ecological parks have a single agricultural production and layout, and the advantages of multifunctional "eco-agricultural tourism" and "green industry" are not prominent, and the sightseeing is poor; When developing tourism products, we only blindly pursue "big and complete", without the concept of "cultivating fine products" and lacking fist products and characteristic products. Therefore, the image of the whole ecological park is not obvious, the brand is not prominent, and it is impossible to achieve "people have no me, people have my essence, and people are refined and new". Eventually, tourism projects are monotonous, unattractive and difficult to develop in depth. Therefore, in planning and capital investment, we should highlight the theme, grasp the direction, and avoid deviating from the theme of "agricultural tourism" and losing the characteristics and advantages of modern eco-agricultural sightseeing parks.

Third, the ecological demonstration function is not strong.

Sightseeing agricultural ecological park adopts ecological park mode to carry out the layout and production of agriculture in the park, takes ecological agriculture as the basis of agricultural sightseeing, and embodies the principle of "integrity, circulation, coordination and regeneration" and the connotation of "ecological culture". Some ecological parks are only developed under the guise of sightseeing agriculture, and they simply pursue profits, without adopting the mode of ecological agriculture to design and produce. The pollution-free products produced are also high-output with high input, not completely in accordance with the production mode of organic agriculture. The investment value and development potential of this ecological park economy lacking cultural connotation will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is difficult to play the corresponding demonstration role of ecological agriculture, and at the same time, it does not have the ability to produce green food through organic agriculture, and it is difficult to achieve the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits.

Fourth, popular science education and agricultural science and technology demonstration are not strong.

Eco-tourism is not only a kind of natural sightseeing, but also a high-level tourism activity and educational activity that pays attention to protecting nature. Sightseeing agriculture, as a product of the combination of traditional agriculture and modern tourism, is essentially an eco-cultural popular science tourism integrating leisure, entertainment and knowledge functions. At present, there is a big market gap in agricultural science popularization in China, which is a perfect supplement to the new direction of our modern agricultural development-sightseeing agriculture. Tourism science popularization naturally becomes the new direction of sightseeing agriculture and agricultural science popularization. Most ecological parks have not set up special science popularization education centers and environmental protection education publicity bases, and cannot provide extracurricular practice bases and primary school environmental protection education bases for local universities. In addition, the quality of tour guides is low, so it is difficult for the ecological park to play its corresponding educational function, and the promotion and demonstration effect of modern agricultural technology in the surrounding areas is not good, and it is impossible to create a good environment for the development of agriculture and popular science in China.