What folk games are there and how to play them?

The earliest kites were not toys, but were used for military and communication. In the late Tang Dynasty, it was called "kite" because someone added strings to the kite, which sounded like a guzheng when the wind blew. Kites are made of thin bamboo strips, pasted with bright paper or silk, and then colored. In the Song Dynasty, flying kites in Tomb-Sweeping Day became our favorite activity.

satchel

In ancient times, whenever the Dragon Boat Festival, the elders at home would make sachets of cotton cloth, silk and other materials, which were filled with fragrant medicinal materials and placed on the children's chests or hung on the bedside to drive away the illness and seek happiness. After the Dragon Boat Festival, throwing away the shabby sachet means abandoning the disease. So when you see a sachet thrown by others on the road, don't pick it up.

shadow play

Shadow play is a folk art form in China. Longdong Shadow Play in Gansu, northwest of China, is mainly distributed in Pingliang and Qingyang counties, and the triangle bordering Shaanxi and Ningxia in the east is relatively concentrated. Longdong Shadow Play was very popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (14th century-19th century), with handsome and generous shapes and straight outlines. The carving is fine and smooth. Longdong Shadow Play uses young black bull cowhide, which is moderate in thickness, firm, flexible and green. The cowhide is scraped and dried until it is bright and transparent. First, draw a sample on the cowhide lightly, and then carve or chisel it with various knives. After that, the transparent water color is used, and the colors are generally not harmonious, so it is pure and beautiful, and the contrast is strong. After cutting and coloring, ironing is the most critical and difficult step. After the water comes out and dries, you can go on stage for binding combination.

diabolo

Diabolo, also called "shake", is a famous folk toy. Tie the string with two small bamboo sticks and shake it around the wooden shaft. Diabolo rotates at high speed and makes a sound. As early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, the diabolo in Beijing became a spring toy. People are playing diabolo in hutongs and courtyards, and melodious voices come and go in Beijing.

Diaohu Dashi

Hanging tigers and big lions are folk decorations used to ward off evil spirits. They are made of mud and paper pulp, with black and white and color, many lines and strong color contrast. Some archaeologists believe that hanging a tiger evolved from a mask in the play, and was later hung on the door by farmers to welcome the new year and exorcise ghosts.

Mud peeling

Mud bark is a whistle that can be blown. It is colorful. After being oiled, it is black, bright and beautiful, suitable for children to play. There are many kinds of mud calls, such as bird whistle, fish whistle and pig whistle.

Mudao, Ping Huang, Guizhou

Tao Xiangqiu

Taoxiangqiu is an important primitive musical instrument and the earliest sounding toy. The unearthed ceramic balls are all ceramic balls, which are hollow in the middle and filled with marbles or sand grains, which will rattle when shaken.

The Chinese Ring

Originated from the ancient folk, in the Qing Dynasty, women and children liked to play with the nine-ring chain. Nine-ring chain is regarded as one of the most ingenious toys invented by human beings abroad, and its mystery lies in the ingenious and complicated solution.

rattle-drum

The rattle was originally an ancient musical instrument, but later it lost its function of playing music and became a toy for children. A rattle is a small drum that sounds according to balls tied on both sides. Bells in different areas have different shapes, such as waist drum, flat drum and four drums superimposed, which are loud and pleasing to the ear.

Shanxi fabrics toys

waist drum

top

tumbler

Stone crossbow

be volatile

Sugar blower

Xiaojiwo (Beijing)

Hebei Xincheng nigong chicken

Xuanmu doll (Shandong Tancheng)

Carving gourd (Gansu)

White glazed painted pottery cat (Yuncheng, Shanxi)

Shuidou (Wuxi, Jiangsu)

Deer chess

Deer chess has a long history, and Yinshan rock paintings can prove it. On the flat stone on the cliff edge of Harigannagou at the junction of Dengkou County and Wulate Banner in Inner Mongolia, there is a chessboard carved with wolves eating sheep, which is basically similar to today's chessboard. Contemporary rock painting scholar Guy Linshan textual research: "In addition to horse racing, camel shooting and dancing, ancient nomadic people also had deer chess and other entertainment activities. On the banks of Sumutugou and Wulanchabu grasslands in Yinshan Mountain, the rock paintings of deer chess from Xixia to Yuan Dynasty were found. Their images are very similar to those unearthed by Mongols, Zhou and Lincheng, but slightly different from today's deer chess. " Deer chess has always been a popular folk game among ancient nomadic people.

The game between deer and chess has two sides. While holding two sons, deer, made of patella of cattle and sheep; While holding twenty-four sons, for dogs, copper coins or pebbles are used instead. The chessboard is a big square, divided into four small squares, and the small squares are crossed with the word "M" to form twenty-five points. Draw a diamond from the center of one end and a triangular mountain from the center of the other end. Before playing chess, put the deer in two mouths and the dog in eight points forming four corners on the chessboard.

The rules of playing chess are: deer can play the whole game of chess, and dogs can only move in large squares; Deer go first. If a dog is separated, even if you eat a dog, you can't eat it if you are separated by two dogs. Every time a dog can add a son, try to connect the two dogs to stop the deer from eating. If the last two deer are in the center of the chessboard or the mountain pass, and the deer are in the free position, the deer wins the dog. If the dog encloses the deer in a dead corner and the deer has no room to maneuver, then the dog wins the deer.

guess

Guessing is a game that Mongolian children like to play. According to Suiyuan Tongzhi Draft, "Mongolian children have a guessing game, locking people in goats or sheep to play with them ... which is the so-called' Gore' in China children's toys. This method consists of two or more people as a group, and each person has several "geers", and the number must be equal. Sitting around a place, everyone holds' geer', the number varies, and the secret should not be made public. Everyone present held the hand of' Geer', and according to what they saw, they guessed that the * * * in boxing was geometry, but they couldn't guess the same number. Scatter it everywhere, then count the punches, and the winner is the winner, that is, take all the' Gore' held by everyone as your own. " Different from the Han Dynasty, the "Geer" in the hands of Mongolians is made of sheep bones and has the color of nomadic regional culture.