What kind of foreign policy did the Qing government pursue as illustrated by the views of Qing rulers? How did this foreign policy affect modern China?

1. The reason for the implementation of the "closed-door policy": First, the "closed-door policy" is a product of the backward, closed, self-sufficient feudal natural economy. Feudal rulers self-satisfied and sleep in this natural manor, they are not only ignorant of the world trend, but also blindly reject all foreign things. Secondly, the "closed-door policy" was a manifestation of the national narrow-mindedness of the Qing rulers. Because of the sharp contradictions and struggles between the Manchu aristocrats and the masses, the Manchu rulers attempted to isolate the Han Chinese from the outside world through the "closed-door" method, so as to prevent foreigners from supporting the Han Chinese to form anti-Qing forces. At the same time, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese Japanese invasion of the southeast coast of China and the western colonial expansion to the east, but also the rulers of the Ming and Qing dynasties to implement the "closed door policy" objective reasons.

2. The meaning of "closed-door policy": "closed-door policy" was the foreign policy of the Ming and Qing governments, which strictly limited foreign transportation and trade, including the restrictions on the business activities of foreigners coming to China, the period of stay, and the interaction between the Chinese and the barbarians, and the implementation of the "prohibition of the sea". The "Prohibition of the Sea" was implemented. However, the area around Guangzhou was still open to foreign trade, so it is important to note that the term "strict restriction" here is not the same as "absolute prohibition".

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Effects and evaluation of the "closed-door policy": The Qing government tried to strengthen the closed-door policy internally. The Qing government tried to strengthen its own rule internally and "self-defense" externally through the "closed-door policy". This policy, as a means of passive defense, had played a certain role in national self-defense as western capitalism became more and more aggressive in its foreign aggression. But its greater impact is on the advancement and development of modern Chinese society has played a serious role in hindering, it makes China in long-term isolation, seriously hinder the domestic commodity economy and the development of the sprout of capitalism, so that the economy, culture, science and technology and other aspects of the increasing backwardness of the West; it is "cocooned", is not conducive to the normal interaction between the Chinese nation and the peoples of the world, is not conducive to the normal interaction between the Chinese nation and the peoples of the world, and is not conducive to the normal interaction of the Chinese nation with the West. It is not conducive to the normal interaction between the Chinese nation and the peoples of the world, or to the Chinese people's understanding of the world, going to the world, and learning from the excellent thought and culture and advanced science and technology of the peoples of the world, thus leading to the passive defeat of modern China. the impact of the closed-door policy, China's economy did not undergo major changes; ② the second industrial revolution when China was still under the feudal rule of the Qing dynasty, the foreign affairs movement was only for the maintenance of feudal rule to learn Western military technology and science and technology, and quickly failed; the introduction of foreign capitalist equipment, but instead continue to plunder through war and capital export in China; China's national capitalism is extremely slow; ③ the third During the Third Scientific and Technological Revolution, due to the long-term hostility, blockade and encirclement of the imperialist countries, China did not have a peaceful environment for the development of the scientific and technological revolution and lacked normal exchanges. The government's policy of "leftist" ideology has not been implemented, and the development of education has often been under attack.

The closed-door policy blocked the Qing Dynasty's foreign trade exchanges, not conducive to the development of the economy; the Qing rulers to the heavenly kingdom as a great power, stubbornly self-centered, seriously affecting the progress of China's culture; isolation that is, can not see the changes in the world situation, but also did not timely to the West to study the advanced scientific knowledge and production technology, so that China in the world gradually lagged behind. The closed-door policy of the Qing Dynasty seriously hindered the development of other production and the progress of science and technology, and the backwardness of science and technology led to the backwardness of military power. The Qing Dynasty was in the weakening period of feudal society, the feudal relations of production had begun to hinder the development of productive forces, and the closed-door policy made it difficult for advanced systems to enter.