The contradiction, integration and development of China's traditional culture and modern architectural thought?

In the development of human society, architecture and culture are inseparable. Architecture, with its unique artistic form, shows the cultural level of human beings in various historical stages, as well as their ideals, pursuits and longings for the future. It can be said that architecture has become a material means for human beings to conquer nature and an important part of human civilization.

Since the reform and opening up, the world seems to suddenly become more colorful. Various architectural concepts, architectural schools and architectural styles have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, which is dizzying. Riding the east wind of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of construction industry, modern office buildings, commercial centers and residential quarters full of "western temperament" have sprung up like mushrooms after rain in large, medium and small cities. Although there are many successful and excellent works, the existing problems are obvious to all.

For example, in the construction of a large commercial pedestrian street in an ancient section of a famous historical and cultural city, because Party A unilaterally pursues modernization, it ignores the local regional history and culture, cuts off the urban context, and sews it on a complete and intriguing artwork like an uncoordinated "patch"; It is reported that the ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty were destroyed on a construction site under a huge pusher. No matter what, north and south, modern architectural styles are the same, which always makes people feel deja vu; Blind pursuit of western architectural style, European style can be seen everywhere, Spanish style and French classical style are filled with high-end residential quarters everywhere ... These phenomena can not but make people think deeply. In the 2 1 century, how should we treat the traditional culture and modern architectural thoughts in contemporary China architecture?

2 the contradictory and unified relationship between traditional culture and modern architectural thought

Generally speaking, traditional culture is a characteristic social factor handed down from generation to generation, such as custom, morality, thought, style, art and system. Modernity refers not only to the present era, but to all the factors that this era should have. Both of them are embodied in architecture, which should refer to the corresponding technology in ancient and modern times and the ideological field that affects technology. Traditional culture and modernity are a pair of dialectical and unified contradictions in architecture. It should be said that there is no modernity without traditional culture. There is neither modernity nor traditional culture. They set each other off. The key problem lies in how to meet people's spiritual needs for traditional culture in ethnic areas today when modern material enjoyment is required; While protecting traditional cultural architectural style and traditional cultural lifestyle, how to make people living in it enjoy modern superior living conditions at the same time, and how to perfectly embody this contradiction and unity in our design practice are really important issues that should be seriously studied and discussed by the architectural circles in China today.

It is undeniable that traditional culture is facing all-round modernization challenges. While people are keen on building a "global village", traditional culture is slowly disappearing from us. Under the hostage of globalization, more and more people of insight began to call for the return of national spirit.

3 The interweaving of traditional culture and modernity in contemporary China architecture

The interweaving of traditional culture and modernity in contemporary China architecture is manifested in many aspects. This paper focuses on the relationship between architecture and environment, and how to deal with the relationship between traditional culture and modernity in the design of single building.

3. 1 Relationship between architecture and environment

3. 1. 1 How do traditional cultural buildings survive in the modern environment?

In the process of urban modernization, a particularly easy problem is how to maintain traditional cultural buildings in the modern environment, that is, how to deal with the relationship with the surrounding modern buildings. According to the recent regulations of UNESCO, the declared world cultural heritage should set up a protection buffer zone to reduce the collision between traditional buildings and modern buildings. Once the buffer zone is determined, the existing buildings in the zone should also be strictly protected to maintain the traditional cultural features. If a modern building is built in a buffer zone, its height, volume, color and style will also be strictly controlled. For low-grade protective buildings, green belts can be used instead of buffer belts, which can also reduce collisions and get twice the result with half the effort. In order to protect the ancient town as a whole, it is also necessary to set up a buffer zone with the surrounding modern cities. The existing large-scale farmland or water system can be used for the transition between modern cities and ancient towns, and serve as the green lung between cities.

3. 1.2 How does modern architecture stand in the traditional cultural environment?

We often encounter buildings or buildings with modern functions in the traditional cultural areas of historical and cultural cities. This is indeed a very difficult problem, but it is also a very attractive and exciting topic for architects. It is completely different from the idealized environment of Beijing Xiangshan Hotel. At this time, we should not exclude modernization, but pay more attention to the influence and infiltration of region, traditional culture, culture and folk customs on architecture while designing modern architecture. This is just like the Taiji diagram in the Book of Changes, which contains the characteristics of centripetal, mutual tolerance and mutual negation. How to embody the essence of traditional culture architecture in modern architecture and how to make people experience the comfort brought by modernization in the spiritual enjoyment of traditional culture will be the main problems that architects should consider. How to base modern architecture on traditional cultural environment, we have a clear guiding ideology, which can be achieved through a series of means. For example, through similarities and similarities in architectural forms; Coordination of architectural color, volume and materials; Extracting architectural symbols; Sometimes we can even use the method of complete contrast to achieve a certain effect, so that modern architecture can be based on the traditional cultural environment.

3.2 Building monomer

3.2. 1 Protection of traditional buildings

Generally speaking, according to its historical, artistic and scientific value, traditional buildings can be defined as: ① national key cultural relics protection units; (2) provincial cultural relics protection units; (3) city and county cultural relics protection units. With regard to the protection of these traditional cultural buildings, national departments at all levels have formulated a large number of laws and regulations, so that our protection work has laws to follow. But in fact, architects are really faced with a large number of existing traditional buildings that have not been given protection units by governments at all levels, but have extremely high protection value. For example, at present, when China is carrying out unprecedented modernization, it will inevitably touch on how to solve the problem of mutual integration with traditional folk houses, as well as the protection and regeneration of traditional folk houses themselves, which have aroused extensive concern and in-depth thinking of China scholars.

For these huge protected buildings, we are even more

We should consider their sustainable development, that is, how to give them new life. According to the specific actual situation, some protected buildings can be functionally transformed; Some can update the internal equipment and improve the living environment of users, which not only embodies the historical and humanistic value of traditional cultural buildings, but also embodies its practical significance, giving traditional cultural buildings stronger vitality. Especially for a large number of traditional houses, on the one hand, we should protect their unique historical, regional and cultural features, protect traditional architectural forms and lifestyles, on the other hand, we should intensify efforts to update their internal modern facilities, improve the living environment and enhance the vitality of traditional buildings. 3.2.2 Modern architectural design

How to embody traditional culture and modern culture in the single design of modern architecture, should we consider giving an explanation to traditional culture? First of all, it depends on the location of modern buildings. If it is in a new city or a lot with less historical context, the expression of traditional cultural elements in modern architecture is not necessarily the first problem to be solved. Pudong is a new urban area developed in Shanghai in recent years. The buildings here are full of modern architectural styles. But if we can show the unique temperament of China architecture, it will make it have a deeper meaning. For example, the Jinmao Tower, located next to the Oriental Pearl, is praised by many people, not only because it has beautiful, modern and extraordinary temperament, but also because it can make people vaguely feel the charm of China traditional cultural buildings.

It should be said that the classical architecture in China is very real, its architectural skin and structural form are completely unified, and even the architectural decoration part we admire actually has certain practical value, which is very different from western architecture. There are many connotative things in China's classical architecture that we need to explore and experience, and show its charm through some means, instead of deliberately pursuing it. It should be a natural expression, giving people a feeling that heavy makeup is always appropriate. We emphasize that we can't completely deny traditional culture, but we can't cling to traditional culture and stand still. We should protect the things of traditional culture and think about how to create things with our own characteristics on this basis. We can't blindly pursue western things, but should use them for us. China's is China's. Why should we be the same? However, how to express the national spirit is a problem worthy of serious consideration by every architect.

4 future enlightenment

The ancient architecture in China reflects the cultural connotation and profound philosophical thoughts of the past dynasties, while the contemporary architecture usually reflects a sign of the rapid development of the times. Today, the wheel of history has entered 2 1 century. With the acceleration of China's construction pace, the enhancement of comprehensive strength, the rise of rural modernization, and the gradual expansion and improvement of the transportation network, various large, medium and small towns are also present.

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