Three industrial revolutions essay 150 words

Marx mentioned in the Manifesto of the Productive Party that the productive forces created by the bourgeoisie during its less than one hundred years of class rule exceeded all the productive forces created by all previous generations. The conquest of natural forces, the application of machinery and chemistry in industrial agriculture, the operation of ships, the passage of railways, the use of telegrams, the reclamation of the whole continent, and the navigation of rivers seem to summon a large number of people from underground by magic. In which century in the past, did you expect that social labor would have such productivity? Looking at the development of the world economy, it can be said that the first and second industrial revolutions greatly accelerated the development of capitalist mode of production and liberated human social productive forces.

So far, the two industrial revolutions in human history have been catalyzed by the scientific and technological revolution marked by the wide application of science and technology. From AD 65438 to 1960s, the first scientific and technological revolution "Steam Revolution" made human beings enter age of steam from the handicraft era and realized the mechanization of production. Subsequently, the first industrial revolution, represented by the steam engine, took place in Europe and America, and the capitalist workshop handicraft industry was replaced by the machine industry, which greatly promoted the development of social productive forces and commodity economy. At the same time, ships, trains and other modern means of transportation and communication equipment have appeared one after another, making long-distance transportation more convenient, trade between continents is becoming more frequent, and international trade has begun to take shape. During this period, the foreign trade of Britain, France and other countries has achieved geometric multiple growth. However, the changes brought by the industrial revolution, including but not limited to economic and trade growth, have also had a significant impact on the industrial structure around the world. This industrial revolution has reduced the proportion of the primary industry, including agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and forestry, while the proportion of the secondary industry, mainly including extractive industry, manufacturing industry and construction industry, has been rising in the industrial structure, gradually leading the main driving force of economic growth.

At the end of 19, centered on Germany and the United States, the second scientific and technological revolution marked by the wide application of "electric power technology" took place. The appearance of "electric power technology" made European and American countries start the second industrial revolution marked by the application of electric power. Internal combustion engines and electric motors have replaced steam engines, and social productivity has been greatly developed. The emergence and rapid development of some heavy industries, such as electric power, petroleum and chemistry, changed the industrial structure, greatly improved the level of socialization, specialization and cooperation of production, and the rapid development of industry and transportation and the expansion of the world market made the world trade develop greatly during this period. From 1870 to 1900, the world trade volume increased by about 1.6 times. At the same time, this industrial revolution has also had a tremendous impact on the industrial structure. The proportion of the primary industry in the industrial structure continues to decline, and the proportion of the secondary industry, especially the tertiary industry such as transportation, commerce and finance, continues to rise. Up to now, the basic technologies such as machinery and electric power brought by the first two scientific and technological revolutions have been widely applied, expanded and extended around the world, which has catalyzed the occurrence of the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution. Subsequently, although the third and fourth scientific and technological revolutions, marked by the wide application of electronic technology and information technology, have played a role in the world economic stage one after another, there is no unified conclusion as to whether their influence on social economy and industrial economy is large enough to be called the third industrial revolution.