How to carry out percussion teaching activities in kindergartens

Percussion is one of the music education activities in kindergarten, and it is also one of the activities that children like very much. Percussion activities can not only cultivate children's sense of rhythm, but also cultivate children's multi-faceted control ability, collective consciousness and coordination ability. However, organizing percussion activities is not an easy task.

Nowadays, preschool education advocates the study of children, subjects and educational strategies. What exactly should percussion learn? I think the focus of percussion should be on the rhythm, the characteristics of musical instruments and the relationship between musical instruments and music.

First, choose the right music.

Music is an art that uses organized music to shape images, reflect real life and express thoughts and feelings. Its basic means of expression are melody and rhythm. Percussion is a percussion instrument based on music, which is matched with various instruments to make the music more beautiful. At the same time, children can also express their feelings and understanding of music through instrumental percussion.

It is best to choose music with clear rhythm when practicing percussion at first, because music with obvious rhythm characteristics is easy to knock out the effect, such as March, which is convenient for children to master the rhythm characteristics. After the child has accumulated a certain amount, choose some music with complex rhythm. Small and middle classes can be dominated by 2/4 and 3/4 beats of music, and children in large classes can choose 4/4 beats of music on this basis. For example, outing is very suitable as percussion music for small or middle-class children. This is a 2/4 piece of music with obvious rhythm characteristics. The melody of the first eight bars is exactly the same as that of the last eight bars, but the middle eight bars have changed. When arranging music, you can choose more instruments according to the characteristics that the middle eight bars of the music are climax and the rhythm can be different. The first paragraph and the second paragraph can have the same rhythm, which is not only convenient for children to master, but also makes the percussion effect pleasing to the ear. In addition, many national music, such as Uygur, Mongolian and Tibetan music, have obvious rhythm patterns, which are easy for children to understand and master, and at the same time, children can feel the music customs of different nationalities.

In addition, children's favorite music can also be combined. Teachers can pay attention to observation, find songs that children usually like to sing, and choose music suitable for percussion. Because paying attention to children's interests can stimulate children's initiative to learn and explore percussion.

Secondly, we should carefully analyze the characteristics of music works.

Teachers should be familiar with music and analyze the characteristics of music works before organizing percussion activities. For example, what are the style characteristics of the selected music works, whether it is March, lyric or waltz; The selected music works are in several beats, because the rhythm characteristics of different beats will be different. The 2/4 beat rhythm features are strong and weak, the 3/4 beat rhythm features are strong and weak, and the 4/4 beat rhythm features are strong and weak. On this basis, determine what are the key and difficult points of music works.

For example, when a teacher organized a large class of children to perform percussion music "Rooted Luchaihua", he analyzed the music works like this: "Rooted Luchaihua" is a Jiangsu folk song, and the music is divided into three sections. The first and third sections are dominated by octaves, and the second section uses sixteenth notes, giving people the feeling of jumping. The whole song is clear and lively. The key point of teaching is to master the rhythm characteristics of 2/4 beat skillfully and be able to play in tune with percussion instruments according to the law of strength and weakness. The difficulty in teaching is to learn to watch and conduct, pay attention to mutual cooperation with peers, do not highlight yourself, and achieve performance coordination.

Because the teacher is fully prepared, he has identified the key and difficult points, and organized percussion activities to enable children to learn and develop effectively.

Third, arrange musical instruments reasonably according to the characteristics of musical works.

Different musical instruments have different characteristics, so they are suitable for different musical works. Preschool teachers should understand their characteristics.

Percussion instruments are usually divided into three types: metal instruments, wooden instruments and scattered instruments. Metal musical instruments, such as bell, triangle, etc. , belonging to a high-pitched instrument, has a high-pitched and bright voice; Wooden musical instruments, such as double drum, frog fork, wooden fish, castanets, wooden sticks, single drum, etc., belong to alto instruments with clear sound; Scattered musical instruments, such as tambourine, string bell, hand bell, bell, etc. , characterized by low volume, scattered sound and continuous sound length.

Percussion instruments have no fixed orchestration mode. Because it is an auditory art, its orchestration principle is based on listening, and the teacher decides how to orchestrate according to the nature of music itself. Generally speaking, those with cheerful rhythm are suitable for playing with string bells, and those with lyrical music are suitable for playing with bells and triangle iron. The clock is suitable for strong beat, and the triangle is suitable for weak beat, because the long sound of the clock is high and the short sound of the triangle is low, so that it can echo each other and the auditory effect will be better. If the rhythm is obvious, such as sixteenth notes, double drums are suitable, and castanets are suitable for quarter notes or eighth notes. In addition, it should be noted that the number of musical instruments used should be determined according to the actual level of children in this class and the demand for music, rather than the more the better. At the same time, not all musical instruments strike a rhythm at the same time. Only by giving full play to the characteristics of various musical instruments according to the nature of music can percussion music be pleasant to listen to.

Fourth, skillfully guide children to play percussion.

Due to the particularity of percussion, the correct method of holding musical instruments will directly affect the effect of percussion, but this problem is easily ignored by teachers in practical work. Different musical instruments have different methods. If you don't hold the instrument in the right way, the sound will be unpleasant and may even be noise. Therefore, teachers should especially remind children to hold musical instruments in the right way. Moreover, it is worth noting that the louder the knock, the better. Therefore, children should be encouraged to express themselves with the correct methods of holding musical instruments and percussion.

Here, the following striking methods of musical instruments are particularly emphasized.

The double-ring drum should have a pure five-degree relationship, that is, 1 ~ 5 from low to high. Therefore, before percussion, the teacher had better tap in advance, mark the bass, and let the children tap the bass first and then the treble, otherwise it will be chaotic and there will be no sense of music.

The sand hammer needs to shake the wrist. Put your hands on the lower part of your chest or on your sides, so that the vibration sound is concentrated. You cann't throw it hard The harder you throw it, the quieter it will be.

The triangle is held on the rope with the left hand, not with the hand, so the sound will be vibrato.

The tambourine should be held in the left hand, and the fingers of the right hand should tap the drum surface lightly, not the whole slap, so that the sound is soft, crisp and pleasant.

In the organization of percussion, the arrangement of instrument position is also very important. Generally speaking, metal instruments are together, wood instruments are together, and scattered instruments are together. Because the same instrument strikes the same rhythm together, the sound will also be concentrated, which is convenient for command. The formation of percussion is that metal instruments are on the left, wooden instruments are on the right, scattered instruments are in the middle, and gongs, drums and cymbals are behind.

Teachers should organize children to play percussion step by step. First of all, let children get familiar with music and understand its characteristics and rhythm. Then practice tapping the rhythm by hand first, and then practice tapping the rhythm with musical instruments; Then the teacher accompanied the piano to let the children beat the rhythm (so it is easy to find problems and correct them in time); Finally, listen to music and percussion accompaniment.

It should also be emphasized that children should learn to watch and command. Percussion requires cooperation between children. Because every child's musical instrument is different, not all musical instruments strike a rhythm at the same time, and they don't have to strike at the same time. In order to achieve coordination and good listening, children should learn to watch and command, which is also the uniqueness of percussion. Because of children's age characteristics, they often pay attention to self-expression and ignore collective cooperation, especially in percussion activities, children will beat hard to highlight themselves, so it is very important to learn to watch and conduct.

Since percussion is a comprehensive subject, children should beat their instruments according to music. It is also very important for so many children to play harmonious, pleasant and beautiful music according to music. Teachers should guide children to know when to use which instrument to play according to the characteristics of music. This is not a day's work. It takes a long time to feel, try and accumulate, and gradually achieve the best results.

Percussion is a process of continuous learning, accumulation and completion through a series of activities. This requires teachers to have big goals in mind, constantly adjust small goals and step by step. How the former activity paves the way for the latter activity and how the latter activity develops on the basis of the former activity deserves teachers' serious consideration and can be adjusted accordingly according to the actual situation. Only in this way can percussion activities truly become children's favorite activities, and the characteristics of percussion can be brought into full play to the greatest extent, and finally children can be effectively developed. In the actual activities of percussion, some teachers are inexperienced, constantly let children play musical instruments, and there are no new requirements and methods every time, which makes percussion activities very chaotic. If teachers focus on the relationship between percussion instruments and music around the characteristics of music, the effect of percussion instruments will be more musical, which can give full play to the characteristics of percussion instruments and make the music of percussion instruments sound good.

Finally, we should firmly grasp the key experience of rhythm music.

As a kindergarten teacher, we should clearly understand the key experience and core goal of rhythm music:

Like to participate in rhythmic music activities and experience the joy of collective performance;

Know the names and playing methods of common percussion instruments (such as string bell, castanet, chime, triangle iron, tambourine, sand hammer, wooden fish, double-ring drum, gong, drum, homemade percussion instrument, etc.). ) and find out their timbre differences;

The playing voice is harmonious and pleasant, with preliminary coordination ability, able to pay attention to command, quick thinking and willing to try to be a conductor;

Try to arrange musical instruments according to the nature, beat and rhythm of music, create rhythm patterns and participate in the formulation of performance plans;

Cultivate the good habit of using and caring for musical instruments correctly.

The educational goal in the field of music needs to be achieved through these key experiences. Understanding these key experiences and making children master them through specific educational activities are very important for promoting children's effective learning and development.