How was the year counted in ancient times? Pray for the great gods.

The ancient methods of recording time mainly include calendars (including calendars within a day), calendars, calendars, solar terms, festivals and other methods. 1. 1 is the earliest time unit. The concept of trunk and branch: the sky is the trunk and the earth is the branch. The ten-day work is: a, b, d, e, g, n, n; The twelve branches are: Zi Ugly Yin Mao, Tatsumi Shen You Noon Xu Hai. Sixty jiazi: ten stems and twelve branches are combined into sixty units in turn. The combination method is odd-numbered trunk with odd-numbered ground branches and even-numbered trunk with several ground branches. From Jiazi to Guihai, it is called Sixty Jiazi. Chronology of Ganzhi: It originated in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has become a traditional method for historians to record a day. Up to now, the calendar with the longest application time in the world: the calendar days of trunks and branches in Lu Yingong during the Spring and Autumn Period (February +00 BC) lasted for more than 2,600 years until the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 19 1 1 year). The method of recording the day with heavenly stems: it may have been produced as early as the Xia Dynasty, that is, ten words such as A, B, C and D are used to record the day. After that, it gradually stopped being used. Most of Huangdi Neijing only uses heavenly stems to record the days, such as Su Wen? 6? 1 On the method of storing qi: "Liver disease, the more it is, the less it will heal. It will be added to it, but it will not die. It will persist in Ren and start from A and B." In the sentence, the four groups of heavenly stems all refer to the sun. Some days had a specific name in ancient times: recording the sun according to the monthly moon phase (various images of the bright part of the moon). Exodus: If you don't mend it, it will be gloomy and not diarrhea, and if you don't grasp it, it will be bad. (gold? 6? 1 Dou Hanqing's "Expressing Friends") 1.2 Chronology Time method within a day: the sunrise is called Dan, Zao, Chen, and the sunrise is called late, dusk and faint. When the sun is in the center, it is called noon, and when the sun is close to noon, it is called angle. When the sun goes down, it is called a sundial. The ancients had two meals a day, and the eclipse was after sunrise and before the corner, which was called food time; The night eclipse is after the sundial and before the sun enters, which is called sunset. The above method of dividing time periods was widely adopted in the Zhou Dynasty. After the early Han Dynasty, the twelve earthly branches were named as twelve hours, and each hour was exactly equal to two modern hours. In modern times, every hour is subdivided into the beginning and the right, which is equivalent to dividing a day and night into twenty-four equal parts. There are also some specific titles in Neijing, such as: big morning refers to the time when it is just dawn; Early refers to a period of time near early; Both Xia and Yan are behind, but Xia is in front and Yan is behind; Level tone refers to a period of time after midnight; Closing the night refers to a period of time before the cock crows. Except Neijing, later medical books generally supported time with twelve places. [Note] The concept of "time" (written as "time" in the table) was not used until the beginning of the 20th century, so "taking medicine every two hours" in ancient medical books means two hours apart, that is, four hours. In the Shang Dynasty and the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the calendar method of 1.3 was only divided into two periods, so later generations often took the spring and autumn as a year. At first, the order of the four seasons was not "spring, summer, autumn and winter", but "spring, summer, autumn and winter". For example, "Su Wen? 6? 1 Eight Righteousness Deism: "There are four seasons, so the qi of spring, summer, autumn and winter is divided into four seasons. "After the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty, the names of the four seasons were standardized as spring, summer, autumn and winter. Changxia: Because of the lack of one to match the four seasons and five elements, a "Changxia" was added to match the soil. The following are some special terms of twelve months in ancient times. (1) Every month in the pre-Qin period had a specific name. Later doctors imitated it, such as Qing? 6? 1 Wang Ang Medical Prescriptions Collection? 6? 1 The "sunny moon" in the preface refers to October. (2) The ancients divided each season of the four seasons into three stages: Meng, Zhong and Ji, and then called the month in turn. This method of recording the moon is common in prefaces and postscripts. Ruming? 6? 1 Wu Kun "Medical Prescription Examination? 6? 1 In the preface, "Meng Dongyue" and "Meng Dongyue in Shen Jia in the 12th year of Wanli" are in October. (3) Between months, between months, between months, between months, between months, between months, between months. The "Lou" of the Moon Building refers to the "Doulou", that is, the time referred to by bucket handle. The Big Dipper, from a child to the sea, migrates one day a month, so it is called the Moon Building. Sanzheng: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were three different calendar systems, namely, the so-called summer calendar, the lunar calendar and the weekly calendar. The main difference between the three is the difference at the beginning of the year, that is, the month of the first month is different, so it is called "three rectifications". The summer calendar is based on the month (that is, February after winter, equivalent to the first month of the current summer calendar), the lunar calendar is based on the ugly month (that is, January after winter, equivalent to December of the current summer calendar), and the weekly calendar is based on the month of Jianzi (that is, the month in which winter is located, equivalent to November of the current summer calendar). Because different regions used different calendar systems in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the calendar system of ancient books in pre-Qin period could not be unified. Huangdi Neijing has three uses, even the Qin calendar (when Qin Shihuang built the sea, it was October in the summer calendar). In the first year of Liang Wudi (BC 104), taichu calendar was used, which was the first relatively complete calendar in China history from Yin Jianyue. After that, for about two thousand years, J basically used Xia Zheng. Therefore, after the Revolution of 1911, the old calendar was called "summer calendar", commonly known as "lunar calendar", "old calendar" and also called "lunar calendar". (4) The monthly method is a combination of six methods and six methods, that is, twelve methods. Fa was originally a musical instrument made of bamboo tubes in ancient times. * * * has twelve names, which was later borrowed as a synonym for December. Six laws are used to refer to a single month, and six laws are used to refer to two months. Such as "classic? 6? 1 The "yellow bell" in the preface refers to November of the lunar calendar. In the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, there are also different names. Like Song? 6? 1, "Ren Zhai pointed to Fang? 6? The ordinal name of 1 is "Ding Jing Jiazi Mingyue", which means October of the lunar calendar. Qing? 6? 1 Zhang Zhicong's debate on Lu Shantang class? 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "Zhengyang Month in Kangxi Year", which refers to April of the lunar calendar. Chronology of 1.4 The chronology of ancient China is rather complicated. Now, choose its essentials and introduce the year number, the year of the stars, the year of the dry branch and the year of the zodiac in turn. (1) Chronology in ancient China was originally based on the year when the king ascended the throne, such as the first year of Zhou Xuanwang (827 BC). Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, began to use the year number, which was called the first year of Jianyuan (140 BC), followed by two years of Jianyuan and three years of Jianyuan. And it is a new era in the new year. There are more than 800 appellations used in history. Many ancient medical books are dated in this way, such as the Song Dynasty. 6? 1 Liu Yun's "New Book for Children" and li geng's preface are entitled "What do you expect from Shaoxing in September of 20 years". Shaoxing is the title of Zhao Gou, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. The advantage of this method is that the chronology is clear and the specific year can be directly pointed out. (2) The chronology of trunk and branch is one of the most basic chronologies in ancient China. Can you find the earliest record in Huai Nan Zi? 6? 1 astronomical training, but this method was not popular in the Western Han Dynasty. Since the 30th year of Jianwu of Guangwu Emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 54), official support has been officially used in chronology. Chronology of branches and branches is widely used in ancient Chinese medicine books. Such as sunny? 6? 1 ke Qin's treatise on febrile diseases? 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "It's early summer". According to Cochin's life time, it can be found that "it is self-sufficient" is AD 1729. Of course, it is more common to combine the emperor's year number with the dry branch of that year, such as Ming? 6? 1 Chen shigong's authentic surgery? 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "Autumn of Wanli Meditation in July", Jin? 6? 1 paragraph "elbow emergency?" 6? The preface 1 is entitled "Gui Yuan Bing Zi Qiu Ji" and so on. , all with year number and official support. There are also years, such as Tang? 6? 1 Bing Wang's Notes on the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic? 6? The preface of 1 is titled "The First Year of Datang Baoying", Yuan? 6? 1 Wei Yilin "Is world medicine effective? " 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "Looking forward to Ding Chou at the age of three in July". The advantage of combining the two methods is that it is not easy to be confused. (3) Chronology of the Stars During the Warring States Period, astronomical astrologers had the so-called chronology of the stars according to the astronomical chronology. The star refers to the year-old star (that is, "Jupiter"), and the year-old refers to Tai Sui (a false year-old star invented by ancient astronomical astrologers, also known as the year-old yin and the lunar yin). So there are chronology and chronology. Song? 6? 1 Xia Song's "Tongren Point Diagram"? 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "Autumn, Eight, and Wood Analysis of Shen Bing in the Four Years of Heavenly Prosperity". "Wood Analysis" means dating the stars by their ages. Kim. 6? 1 Zhang Congzheng's "A Scholar's Family Study" is entitled "Year in the moonlight, the sun is shining", and "Zen Kui" is a traditional calendar year. (4) The description of the zodiac can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it has never been recorded before the Han Dynasty. Zodiac can be used to calculate a person's age and year of birth, and the zodiac chronology has also been used in history. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, it was recorded that "the year of the emperor was too definite, and the year of the rat was the year of Jiazi, that is, A.D. 1324". 1.5 solar terms In ancient China, agricultural production was guided by observing images and timing. The ancients divided the week near the ecliptic into twenty-four equal parts. According to the twenty-four different apparent positions of the sun on the ecliptic, which are actually the twenty-four different positions of the earth in its orbit around the sun, the whole year is divided into twenty-four sections, including twelve "festival" qi such as beginning of spring and Jingzhe, and twelve "neutral" qi such as rain and vernal equinox, which are collectively called "twenty-four solar terms" to reflect the four seasons, temperatures and solar terms. The division of the twenty-four solar terms originated from the Yellow River Basin in China. The ancients first discovered dichotomy and dichotomy. 1.6 Festivals Due to customs, there were many festivals in ancient China, many of which have spread to today. These festivals are not from the same era, but accumulated in many times, all of which are customs in Han areas. China is a big multi-ethnic family, and there are many traditional festivals of ethnic minorities, such as the Nadam Conference held by Mongolians in July and August every year, the Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, World's Day and Snowdon Festival of Tibetans, the Torch Festival of Yi people and the Water-splashing Festival of Dai people. It reflects the living habits, cultural characteristics and religious beliefs of people of all ethnic groups, and has strong national characteristics and local charm, which is also worth understanding and studying. Festival names are commonly used in ancient Chinese medicine books as a proxy for a certain day, such as Song? 6? 1 Strictly use Heyan Jisheng Prescription? 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "Treasure, Ugliness and Worship", and the preface of Wang Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica is entitled "Wan Li Geng Yin Chun, Yuan Ri". 6? 1 Tao Hua's Treatise on Febrile Diseases? 6? The preface of 1 is entitled "Ten Years of Orthodox Ugliness in the Yuan Dynasty", Qing Dynasty? 6? 1 Tang Zonghai's theory of blood syndrome? 6? 1 The preface entitled "One day after the ninth anniversary of Guangxu" and so on are all examples of marking the date with the name of the festival-think about it completely.