What are the customs and habits of celebrating the Spring Festival in Beijing from the 9th to 22nd of the twelfth lunar month?

Traditionally, New Year's Day on the first day of the first lunar month in China is called "Chinese New Year", commonly known as "Spring Festival". This is a grand national traditional festival. During the Spring Festival, according to the custom, there are generally sacrifices to the gods for good luck. Worship each other and visit relatives and friends; Visit the temple ruins in Xiantan, have fun and improve your life. The specific contents include Laba, sweeping houses, offering sacrifices to stoves, shopping malls, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, worshipping the god of wealth, opening markets, "People's Day" and Shunxing.

Association of laboratory animal breeders

The eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is a traditional festival of the Han nationality. Zhang Tang kept the festival "Justice in Historical Records" and said: "The twelfth lunar month is also ... hunting animals and animals sacrifice their ancestors at the end of the year, because this day is also established." In the Han Dynasty, the third day to the day after beginning of winter was regarded as "La Ri", and in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was changed to1the eighth day of February as "Laba Festival". In fact, the ancient Spring Festival began on this day. The folk song says, "Don't be sad, old lady. After Laba, it is the New Year. Laba porridge, how many days? Ber Ber La La 23rd ... "Among Buddhists, Laba is called" Daocheng Festival ". There are folk customs of cooking porridge for Buddha, feeding relatives and friends, and eating food, as well as the custom of soaking "Laba garlic".

Clean the house.

In ancient times, the Spring Festival cleaning was called "Sweeping the Year Festival", which originated from a religious ceremony of the ancient people to drive away the epidemic. Later it gradually evolved into a year-end cleaning. According to Song's Dream of Liang Lu, "at the end of December ... everyone, big or small, sweeps out the house, cleans the house ... and prays for peace in the new year." Old Beijing nursery rhymes say: "Twenty-three, cantaloupes stick; 24, house cleaning day ... "

After cleaning the house, the whole family began to prepare new year's goods. Please type wax paper, offer gifts, write couplets, cut window grilles, buy hanging money, New Year pictures, firecrackers ... to prepare for the new year.

Sacrifice to the kitchen god

Kitchen God, commonly known as "Kitchen God". According to Zhu Nanzi, Huangdi and Yan Di "died as kitchen gods" and were responsible for the good and evil on earth. Since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, there have been so-called good books in Beijing. Among them, Kitchen God said: "Kitchen God left a volume of classics to read with good men and women. My god's surname is Zhang Ming, and the Jade Emperor asked me to cook. " I came to this world to investigate good and evil, and I didn't do anything until I found out. "There is a saying among the people:" Kitchen God's real name is Zhang, and a bowl of cold water smells three times. "People think that Kitchen God is a god sent by the Jade Emperor to supervise good and evil. Every year on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, he will go to the court to report the good and evil words and deeds of the residents he lives in. Therefore, on the 23rd night, he would stick sugar made of rice or malt on his mouth, "meaning to fill his mouth, so that God can't say much" ("China National Customs"), or put a couplet on it, asking Kitchen God to "tell the good things from heaven".

Sacrificing a stove is a signal of the arrival of the old calendar, which is called "Chinese New Year" by old Beijingers. As a nursery rhyme says, "honeydew melon sacrifices stoves, New Year sacrifices stoves, Chinese New Year, girls want flowers, boys want guns ..."

A few years ago, the store

Since the fifteenth day of the twelfth lunar month of the previous year, the streets have generally entered the festive state of the Spring Festival. "Kyoto Customs Records" records: "There are many people selling new year's goods in the city. For example, when people write books, they will sell bright colors and thousands of strings of Spring Festival couplets, then they will sell paintings, sell reed sheds, sell scales, stand on each other, and then they will worship Buddha flowers and Chu Jiu's cups and pots. " Everything used for daily sacrifice to God is piled up everywhere. There are all kinds of businesses to decorate and render the festive atmosphere. Every painting shed sells New Year pictures; Write and sell couplets, cross-criticism, door hearts, pillars, fights, spring strips, and Buddha pairs for sharing; Buy hanging money, sell gold ingots, sell flowers, sell velvet flowers, silk flower, sell pine branches, sesame stalks, sell lanterns, sell kwantung sugar, sell miscellaneous seeds, sell fireworks, ...