What is a work of art and what is the law of formal beauty?

The law of formal beauty is an empirical summary and abstract generalization of the law of formal beauty in the process of creating beautiful forms and beauty. It mainly includes: symmetrical balance, simplicity and unity, harmonious contrast, proportion, rhythm and diversity. Studying and exploring the law of formal beauty can cultivate people's sensitivity to formal beauty and guide people to create beautiful things better. Mastering the law of formal beauty can make people more consciously use the law of formal beauty to express the content of beauty and achieve a high degree of unity between form and content of beauty.

From the perspective of works of art

First, the image beauty of Chinese painting.

Both meticulous painting and freehand painting must be based on a certain image. Chinese painting has always paid attention to "expressing the spirit with form" and "having both form and spirit" to express any object. Similarity is only a means, and similarity is the purpose. In ancient times, portraits were called "vivid". The frogs, shrimps, chickens and other small animals described by Qi Baishi make people feel lively and childlike.

Secondly, the beauty of pen and ink in Chinese painting.

Chinese painting makes full use of the performance of the brush to drive the penetration effect of ink and color on rice paper, express the shape, texture and sense of quantity of different objects, and create a vivid and perfect artistic image. This comprehensive skill is collectively called pen and ink in Chinese painting. The word pen and ink not only represents the tool of painting and calligraphy, but also represents an artistic realm. Pen is "cause" and ink is "effect". When brushwork is combined with calligraphy, it produces a rich and expressive result-pen and ink. It is the basic language of Chinese painting modeling. Traditional Chinese painting takes lines as shapes, and ink is divided into five colors. Speed, frustration, pressing and ink color are dry, wet, thick, light, dry and burnt. Moreover, dry and wet, skillful and unsmooth are used alternately, and the reality and reality coexist. "The pen is the ink bone, and the ink is filled with the pen", thus expressing everything in the world and expressing the author's thoughts and feelings. It is this characteristic of lyricism by borrowing things and supporting things that makes the works full of interest and vitality, so that viewers can enjoy beauty. For example, Pan Tianshou's "Exposing the Empty" gives full play to the line-based expression method of Chinese painting, with strong style, decisive and sophisticated pen and heavy picture. In his works, Wu Changshuo, with his vigorous calligraphy pen, created a formal aesthetic feeling and a thick Gu Zhuo, which pushed the tradition of literati painting from books to paintings to the extreme.

Third, the color beauty of Chinese painting.

The color of Chinese painting has its unique characteristics. In painting, there is only line drawing, the effect is simple and elegant, and the tick is not stained; Pale crimson landscape painting with ink and wash; There are turquoise landscape paintings with blue stone, azurite, ochre, cinnabar and other mineral pigments, as well as Jinbi landscape paintings with heavy colors; There is no bone painting, in which the lines are hidden in the form of objects and images; There are meticulous painting, color filling, ink splashing, color splashing and other methods. There is a saying that ink is divided into five colors, which means that ink is expressive. Sometimes it is necessary to add color to complement each other, but color is mainly the supplement of ink, which has formed a beautiful effect on special rice paper, such as Qi Baishi's painting of shrimp with moderate transparency and as colorful as yellow painting of rocks; Two masters, Li Keran and He, described the magnificent spiritual outlook of the motherland with bright and saturated colors. Landscape painting has both traditional meaning and modern feeling, and has a new spirit of the times. Different painting methods and rich color application constitute the unique national characteristics of Chinese painting, making it a representative of oriental painting and one of the important varieties of world painting.

Fourth, the charm of Chinese painting is beautiful.

By using the concentration change caused by the scouring and infiltration of water on rice paper, the ink color and water reflect each other through splashing, spotting and accumulation. By using methods such as breaking thickness, breaking thickness and breaking colored ink, colorful and unpredictable pictures can appear. This hazy charm gives people a hazy, relaxed and natural visual effect. Ink painting embodies the unique feelings of China people, both in expression and unique picture effect, which can be said to be the condensation of China's thousand-year-old cultural tradition. Chinese painting is ethereal and elegant, combining reality with reality, and the charm between likeness and dissimilarity is fascinating.

For example, Zhang Daqian's "Lotus Painting with Splash Ink" is even more unconstrained, with the blend of ink and color, showing the painter's unrestrained temperament and showing the richness of lotus flowers. The change of ink color makes the picture have a front and back level, more profound and imaginative; The unique beauty of the artistic effect of Chinese painting lies in its tools, materials and expression methods. Wu Guanzhong's color ink painting broke the traditional brush and ink convention, absorbed the expression techniques of western modern art, and borrowed the relationship between ink, color, paper, water and other materials to make the pictures reflect each other and blend into one. Its musical ink color changes, criss-crossing various treatments of ink-breaking and color-breaking are extremely rich in connotation. The beauty of its form lies between similarity and dissimilarity, and the strangeness lies in the impossibility of law, forming a unique new look of nature. The ink color is fully displayed, the charm is solid and beautiful.

Fifth, the artistic conception of Chinese painting is beautiful.

Chinese painting uses unique artistic techniques in the aspects of spatial processing, blank, the relationship between reality and color. Create an artistic conception of blending scenes. The artistic conception of Chinese painting is an important category of China's traditional aesthetic thought. In traditional painting, it is an artistic realm reflected by the depiction of time and space and the high integration of emotion and scenery. The pursuit of artistic conception is an important part of China's traditional aesthetic thought, and it is also one of the important features of Chinese painting, such as majestic mountains and rivers, delicate and serene bridges, misty mountains and winding roads; The tower stands tall with sails dotted in it ... This makes us feel the painter's attachment to the homeland and nature, and that infatuation brings us a wonderful enjoyment full of interest and unique artistic conception. Artistic conception is the soul of landscape painting, and the creation of artistic conception is the artistic realm pursued by painters all their lives.

Lin Fengmian's flower-and-bird painting "Autumn Birds" creates a fascinating artistic conception in the square composition, and the light pen and ink shows that autumn birds fly away from the reed pond in the wind, giving people a broad reverie of the world; Wu Guanzhong expressed his deep affection for the mountains and rivers of the motherland with traditional pen and ink, through the flow of lines, the interpenetration of black and white, and the artistic technique of virtual and real. Poetry and painting are expressed through the interweaving of points, lines and surfaces, and the musical rhythm of nature and the corresponding psychological feelings of beauty are expressed in a semi-abstract state.

Sixth, the beauty of Chinese painting.

Chinese painting is a comprehensive art integrating poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. The reasonable arrangement of different forms of objects is called composition. Every picture has priority, density, rhythm, change and blank space. It can be heaven, earth, clouds, water, smoke, gas, snow, etc. , giving the audience a rich imagination. "Title" refers to the words and poems related to painting. The inscription on a large section is called "Changkuan", the inscription with only the author's name is called "Junkuan", the inscription with only the name, year and place is called "Sikuan" or "Xiakuan", the inscription with the donor's name and reason is called "Shangkuan", and the upper and lower sections are collectively called "Shuangkuan". In seal cutting, the author applied the formal rules in the perceived natural beauty to the seal, and harmoniously integrated the beauty of China's calligraphy with the beauty of knife cutting, the beauty of composition and the texture characteristics of lithograph materials to form the beauty of seal cutting. Good calligraphy inscription and seal cutting can add a lot of beauty to the picture.

Each title should be coordinated and unified, not only in form, but also in temperament and style. Zhao's paintings are written with seal script and brushwork with seal script, which complement each other. Xu Wei's ink and wash works are incisive and vivid, and it is even more wonderful to match with wild grass.

Seventh, the beauty of Chinese painting.

There are many forms of Chinese painting, such as hand scroll, banner, nave, screen, horizontal scroll, round fan, folding fan, picture album, square, mounting and so on. Based on the characteristics of ancient life style, the earliest movable paintings used for appreciation are long strips similar to simple books and scrolls, which are usually rolled up and stored, opened when watching, and enjoyed one by one from ancient times to the left, called "scrolls". With sitting with feet down instead of sitting on the floor, people's point of view has risen, and the larger works hanging on the wall-"axis" or "vertical axis" have adapted to the new lifestyle and decorated and beautified the higher and larger indoor space. Before the Tang Dynasty, most active paintings appeared in the form of scrolls. Song and Yuan Dynasties were a period of equal emphasis on scrolls and axes. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were more axes than scrolls, and groups of four or six screens were variants of axes. Vertical axis is suitable for hyperopia, banners and long scrolls are suitable for myopia, vertical axis first looks at the whole and then the local beauty, and long scrolls first look at the local beauty and then extend to the whole picture; Fan art has a long history and is one of the traditional works of art in China, which can be divided into folding fans and round fans. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, exquisite fan products have spread all over the world. Most of them were round fans in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and folding fans only appeared in Ming Dynasty. There are famous paintings and calligraphy on the fan, and the fan bones are mostly bamboo or bone products, carved with landscapes and figures, which constitute a very beautiful and complete work of art; The beauty of album pages is that they are framed into a book, which is a variant of book binding today. Appreciation and enjoyment are convenient and wonderful. Mounting art embodies the wisdom and aesthetics of ancient people in China. Installation is the best way to protect reels and shafts. The mounting of Chinese painting is particularly exquisite, which makes its shape and external structure more perfect. Mounting was very mature in the Tang Dynasty, and it became a profound knowledge in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

As far as the vertical axis molding American English system is concerned, its mounting forms can be divided into celestial pole, celestial head, startled swallow, poem pool, painting heart, field, axial pole and axial head. The shaft head not only increases the aesthetic feeling of painting the shaft, but also has flexible screen scrolling. The poem pool is the upper end of the straight painting center. Hanging a piece of paper is called "poem pool". First, because the heart is short, it is more suitable after setting off; Second, someone changed the name to "Fish Pond" in order to write poems and praise paintings. This mounting form fully embodies China's ancient philosophy and China people's humanistic thought realm of harmony between man and nature.

In a word, Chinese painting has its own unique aesthetic language. Chinese painting has created a unique form to express the thoughts and feelings of objects and authors, reflecting the unique aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation. Chinese painting pays special attention to the interest outside painting, the style and charm of painting, and China painters pay attention to personality and self-cultivation, which make the works rich in connotation, significance and interest. Chinese painting emphasizes the expression of ambition and lyricism by borrowing things. Therefore, the thoughts and feelings expressed in the works far exceed the content and form of the picture itself.