Please ask the eight big mountain man is which dynasty, biography

Bada Shanren (1626--1705), formerly known as Zhu Da, also known as Zhu Daolang, No. Liangyue, Bada Shanren is his late literary name. He was a descendant of Zhu Quan, the sixteenth son of Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the King of Ning. After the King of Ning changed to Nanchang, successive generations of descendants living in Nanchang and other places, *** divided into eight branches, Bada Shanren is the seventh grandson of Yiyang Wang. His grandfather Zhu more (P95) is a poet and painter, landscape painting style more Zongfa two meters, quite famous. His father, Zhu Moujiu, was also good at landscape painting and bird and flower painting, and was famous in the right side of the river, but unfortunately, he died of a dark disease in his middle age, and his uncle, Zhu Moujiu (P95), was also a painter, and was the author of "Painting History". Bada Shanren grew up in the clan family, from a young age by his father's artistic cultivation, plus hair smart and studious, at the age of eight will be able to make poems, eleven years old can paint green mountains and green water, as a child, but also can hang wrist to write the rice family lowercase. When he was a teenager, he took the township examination and was recorded as a student.

Shongzhen seventeen years (1644), the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Manchuria, Guizhou aristocracy to rule the country. Bada Shanren was nineteen years old, soon after the death of his father, the heart of extreme melancholy, grief, he pretended to be deaf and mute, anonymous recluse, living in the mountains to save themselves. Bada Shanren paintings can often be seen on a peculiar sign, as if like a crane-shaped symbol, in fact, is composed of four words "March 19", in order to send nostalgia for the country's deep feelings (the 19th of March in Jiashen is the day of the fall of the Ming Dynasty).

Shunzhi five years (1648), his wife died, Bada Shanren will be his mother with his brother, "home", to Fengxin County, Kengxiang Temple, shaved his hair as a monk, and has since changed his name to snow. At the age of twenty-four, more than a mountain and a mountain donkey. Shunzhi ten years (1653), eight Dashanren twenty-eight years old, and welcome his mother to Hongya Temple in Xinjian County, the old man in the Kengan precepts called Zongshi, live in the mountains of the Sutra, more than a hundred people followed the study of the law. It has been proved that eight mountain man from the age of twenty-eight to thirty-six, had taken his mother and younger brother to live in Nanchang City, Fuzhou Gate (Jinxian Gate) outside the Jiaojin Tower neighborhood. At that time, this place is a lot of teahouses and restaurants, is a place where working people live. Eight Dashanren living in poverty, unkempt, wandering here. Often like to drink wine, but not full of liters, often drunk. Drunkenness, a big brush, a wave of more than ten, mountain monks, poor people, butchers, Gu children, to its request for paintings, and responded to requests, generous gifts.

Bada Shanren thirty-six years old, want to "find a head from the field", found in the suburb of Nanchang fifteen miles of Tianning view. In this year, he remodeled Tianning Guan, and renamed it "Qingyun Garden". The word "Qingyun" was originally based on the meaning of the Taoist myth that "Chang Chunyang drove the green cloud to descend". And there is a "flying sword inserted into the ground, planting laurel tree provisions of the old foundation", which is also the origin of the existing Tang Gui Ohio. Qing Jiaqing twenty years (1815), the scholar Dai Junyuan "nursery" to "spectrum", to show that "Qingyun" spectrum, have ultimatums can be based on, from then on renamed "Qingyun genealogy".

Qingyun Spectrum was originally a long-established Taoist temple. Legend has it that more than two thousand five hundred years ago, Zhou Ling Wang Prince Jin (word Ziqiao) to this base alchemy, the creation of the dojo, "alchemy immortal". During the Western Han Dynasty, Meifu, a lieutenant of Nanchang County, abandoned his post and lived here in seclusion, and later built the Meixian Ancestral Hall. In Jin Dynasty, Xu Xun ruled over the water and opened a dojo here, creating the "Jingming Religion", renamed as "Taiji Guan", and formally formed a Taoist system from then on, belonging to the Jingming Taoist School. In the fifth year of the Tang Dynasty (831), Zhou Xun, an assassin, renamed it "Taiyi Guan". In the second year of the Song Dynasty (1055), the name Tianning Guan was given by imperial decree. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1661), Bada Shanren came to visit the relics of the sages and appreciated the landscape here, so he rebuilt the temple on the basis of the original Taoist temple and renamed it as "Qingyunpu". From then on, Bada Shanren became the founding master of Qingyunpu. The descendants also established the "is the opening of the mountain ancestor Daolang No. Liang Yue Wen No. Bada Shanren Zhu Zhenzhen" Hall of Merit tablet.

Bada from the mountain man thirty-six to thirty-eight years old, traveling between Nanchang City and Qingyunpu, Qingyunpu reconstruction by his brother Zhu Daoming presided over. Eight from the mountain man formally settled in Qingyun spectrum, about thirty-nine years later to sixty-two years old. He painstakingly operated this Taoist temple for more than twenty years. After thirteen years as a Buddhist, Bada Shanren became the founder of a Taoist monastery. His life as a monk and Taoist was not primarily a religious one, but a way to escape the political persecution of the Ming clan by the Manchurian aristocracy of the Qing dynasty, and to conceal and preserve himself.

Bada Shanren began to use "Bada Shanren" signature poetry and paintings at the age of sixty, he signed the paragraph, often the "Bada Shanren" four words together, as if "crying", "laughing" and "crying". When he signed his name, he often linked the four characters "Bada Shanren" together as if they were like the words "crying" and "laughing", in order to express his painful feelings of both crying and laughing. His younger brother Zhu Daoming, the word autumn moon, is also a painter, the style is similar to his brother, but also rough and bold. His calligraphy and painting signed Niu Shi Hui, the three words written in cursive, very much like the "life not to worship the king" four words, expressed the mood of the Manchu dynasty vowed not to yield. The two brothers signed their names at the beginning of the Zhu character split, one with the word "cow", one with the word "eight". This anonymity, can be said to be well-intentioned.

Bada Shanren in his later years often live in the city of Nanchang Beizhu Temple, Puxian Temple and other places. Monk friend Tanyue for the Beizhu Temple abbot, and Bada Shanren friendship is very deep. Tanyu Xue also good calligraphy, stubborn character, and later because of the new county magistrate Fang'e, said he was "crazy big and unruly", was arrested in prison, died in prison. After the death of Tanyue, Beizhu Temple was soon destroyed. During this period of time, eight mountain man went out to travel, visit friends for painting, painting a lot, this is eight mountain man creation peak period. Finally, in the suburb of Nanchang, Chao Wangzhou, built a straw house, titled "Song Cao Tang". At that time, the poet Ye Zhou had made "eight mountain man" a poem, describing his life here, the poem is as follows:

"A room () song place, Xiaoxiao full of dust, PengArtemisu clumps of darkness, poetry and paintings into the Zen true, the world escaped the fame of the will, remnants of the mountain left the body of the water, specializing in the old industry in the, scattered planting melons people."

Bada Shanren is in this hut spent his lonely, poor later years, until his death. One said that the eight mountain man buried in the suburb of nanchang kiln bay had Yingjia mountain, but after liberation when moving the tomb, only see some rotten wood and iron nails, did not see the skeleton, may be his clothes (). NiuShiHui tomb in qingyun spectrum south generals ridge, the tomb has a jar of ashes, also moved after liberation in qingyun spectrum within the spit pearl mountain. According to the "new county", "West Mountain": eight mountain tomb in the northwest of the county thirty miles that is now the monkey mountain Juanxi commune around the ridge. Where the tomb is really, has been difficult to find out.

Bada Shanren for the early Qing Dynasty, "the four great monks" (Zhu Da, Shi Tao, Shi (), gradient Jiang), one of the large brush water black painting is known, especially in flower and bird painting. His paintings can take the natural, but also original new ideas; master of the ancients, but not muddy in the ancient method; ink and simple, with less than more. With the pain of the country's destruction, he expressed his dissatisfaction and indignation towards the Manchurian aristocratic rulers through flowers, birds, wood and bamboo, and landscapes, and showed his stubborn and arrogant character. Therefore, his paintings are birds with bulging bellies and fish with glaring eyes; or the remaining water in the mountains and old trees withered branches; or beasts with their heads held high and lonely birds with wings that are ready to fly; or dry ponds and standing lotus, and among them there are lively swimming fish and vivid flowers. Using this metaphor for themselves, symbolizing life, to achieve the pen simple shape, form and spirit of the realm, fully utilizing the unique traditional techniques of Chinese painting art. Zheng Banqiao, a famous painter, praised Bada Shanren's paintings by saying, "There are thousands of paintings, but there are no more ink spots and more tears."

It is said that Bada Shanren had several volumes of poems on painting, secretly hidden in the suitcase, not to be seen. However, from the surviving poems on painting, most of the hidden techniques, hidden nostalgia for his homeland, the Manchurian aristocracy and their lackeys ridicule. For example, his "peacock picture" title poem reads:

"Peacock bright flowers rain bamboo screen, bamboo slightly strong half ink generation;

How to get on the three ears, it is the spring sitting two more."

The upper half of this painting is a stone wall, at the bottom of which there are a few low-hanging bamboo leaves and two peonies that are about to wither; the lower half is a smooth boulder with a large upper and lower tip that appears to be very unstable, and on the stone are squatting two peacocks in ugly shapes, with their tails dragging three tattered feathers. This is to peacock to ridicule those who surrendered to the Qing dynasty Ming dynasty civil and military bureaucrats to the Qing dynasty master bending the knee to seek glory in the ugly, they wear a three-eyed plume hat, like a class of three-eared lackeys. They went to wait for the emperor to come to court at the fifth hour. But this pair of peacocks squatting on a smooth and unstable stone, as if the Qing dynasty regime may fall at any time. Bada Shanren used these symbolic paintings and cryptic poems to work in tandem and to maximize the power of irony. His paintings of birds and flowers are actually political satire, with poems in the paintings, meanings outside the paintings, and peculiar chapters, which is what has always been praised and appreciated by people.

Bada Shanren's calligraphy and seal carving also have his unique style. He endeavored to absorb the excellent traditions of calligraphers of all times, and created an artistic style of writing with a bald brush that is robust and upright, dashing and bold. He is also a master of calligraphy in China. His seal engraving seals are unique in their simple and ancient forms, their strong and elegant strokes, and their mysterious meanings.

Bada Shanren's painting art, a great influence on China's painting world, more than three hundred years, the famous large brush strokes of the School of Painters, are more or less affected by his influence, such as the Qing dynasty during the Qianlong period of the "eight monsters of Yangzhou," the end of the Qing dynasty, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi and other modern. Bada Shanren is worthy of China's ancient painters in the giant, is since the Yuan and Ming School of painting in the masters