Affine graph

learning target

Knowledge/ability goal: let students master the morphological characteristics, configuration and organization of graphics.

Theoretical support: 1. Shapes and characteristics of graphics II. Configuration and organization 3. Graphic creative plan 4. The application of color.

Class arrangement: 5 class hours

course content

Orthoform and anti-form are borrowed from each other, which implies two different meanings in a line.

When faced with the poster graphics of German designer Drewinski Lex's romantic drama Anthony and Cleopatra, I was infected by the designer's clever use of plane space. Between women and snakes, the characteristics of yin and yang in Christian culture and the relationship between snakes and women are fully displayed, so that people can enjoy the wonderful cultural space of artistic creation.

When we pay attention to the posture of white women, we clearly see the feminine female image, and the dividing line is obviously an indispensable part of the human body. When we pay attention to the red line, a beautiful snake swims in the plane space, and its linear change changes with the visual movement.

According to the physical principle of "unity of phases excludes each other", the positive and negative linear forms have become an uncompromising situation. It is precisely because of this confrontation and contradiction that it shows the special charm of artistic isomorphism and visual satisfaction and pleasure. Positive and negative shapes are often used in our lives, such as children's intelligence filling games and Tai Chi graphics, which are widely spread in China Taoist culture. Designers use this form to let us and our children know how to feel and enjoy the existence of space and their beauty.

Chinese and foreign traditional arts are often used by us, such as Sonne and Mond by escher, the founder of surrealism, which is a model of positive and negative isomorphism.

Through this kind of works, we can feel the artistic value of positive and negative modeling. The mutual borrowing of positive and negative shapes can produce stronger artistic appeal.

▲ title: pros and cons.

▲ Theme content: unify people, things and things, or the combination of people and things as positive and negative graphics on a plane.

▲ Teaching method: Taking China Taiji Diagram as an example, explain the meaning and visual effect of the positive and negative shapes, and analyze the characteristics and composition conditions of the positive and negative shapes.

▲ Teaching requirements:

1. Ask students to pay attention to concise expression when using positive and negative shapes, and skillfully handle the boundary between them, while paying attention to the proper handling of shapes.

2. Workload and size: each person creates 10 graphics on A4 paper.

▲ Training purpose:

We often say "pun intended", so is language, and so is visual graphic language. People attach great importance to the use and form of real space, while many people often ignore the use and grasp of virtual space. The purpose of positive and negative training is to emphasize that truth and falsehood are equally important. Guide students to observe life with three eyes and make full use of all available elements.

Theoretical Support —— Organization of Graphic Creativity

Teaching process:

First, the shape and characteristics of graphics

1, * * * original graphics

(1) Graphic form: * * * There are two forms of graphics. One is orthomorphic and negative; The other is the borrowing form of form and form. The former is used by the * * * of the contour line, which implies two different meanings in the line shape. * * * graphics is a contradictory expression of "mutual unity and mutual exclusion", which creates a special physical organism and belongs to "pun" graphics.

(2) Graphic features: lines or shapes formed by lines. The relationship between the positive and negative forms and polymorphic forms formed by the two biological forms is complete and independent, interdependent and equally important. The relationship between positive and negative shapes is actually the relationship between "map" and "ground". Graphics and backgrounds appear alternately, and the same part can be regarded as the graphics of more than two objects. The relationship between polymorphism * * * is actually the borrowing relationship of shape.

(3) Configuration refers to:

Configuration means 1: The contour line of crop shape A makes it the contour line of object shape B at the same time, and shape A and shape B help each other to form the remarkable feature of * * * shape-* * line.

Configuration means 2: The outline of crop shape A makes part of the image of shape A also constitute part of the image of shape B or even shape C, forming a clever overall combination, that is, another remarkable feature of the shape of * * *.

(4) Expression of creative features: The key to expression depends on the designer's own sensitivity to "shape". We should be able to see the negative shape of the orthomorphism in an instant, and judge the change of the negative shape and the clue of the combination of the orthomorphism and it; We should consciously discover the pragmatic relationship of "form" and use this relationship to transform the original image into a new one.

2, transpose graphics

(1) graphic form: the basic features of the original graphic are maintained in the form of transposed graphics, and a part of the original object form is replaced by other similar shapes. Although the structural relationship in the shape of the object remains unchanged, the appearance of the combined graphics is completely new because of the sublimation of "meaning" caused by the replacement of the shape.

(2) Graphic features: The function of transposing graphics and shapes leads to the absurdity of "arrogance" in logic. At the same time, the absurdity and disconnection of the substitute changed the shape of the figure itself and led to the transformation of "meaning", but the visual effect did not lose its meaning.

(3) Configuration means: In creativity, the common method is to replace a part of one object with another, or transplant the whole of one object to a part of another. No matter whether the local shape or the whole shape is used as a substitute, the original shape can only be partially replaced. When things are transposed, we should pay attention to finding the functional connection and shape approximation between things A and B.

(4) the expression of creative features: the expression of creative features is abnormal through the exchange of images with similar "shape" but different "meaning". The expression of creative characteristics is deformed by the mutual substitution of animate images and inanimate images. The expression of creative characteristics shows abnormality by breaking or disconnecting, opening, cutting and displaying the difference between internal image and common sense. The performance of creative characteristics is to block the same object shape, making it appear abnormal inside and outside, back and forth or up and down.

3. Composite graphics

(1) Graphic form: Composition is composition. A compound form is a combination of multiple parts. The purpose of compound graphics is to create a typical and idealized graphic as much as possible through comprehensive means by reflecting the general and general performance of individuals and concentrating the advantages of several images.

(2) Graphic features: an image with basic graphics, but most or all of its structure is replaced by other graphics, can also be regarded as an image with other graphics filling the basic graphics.

(3) Configuration means: determine the basic graphics according to the theme of creation, often based on conventional objects, and then select other objects to arrange in their outlines and images according to the physiological structure or image of conventional objects and the relationship between light and shadow; Or use the selected target image to replace the structure of the traditional target image.

(4) Expression of creative features: The expression of creative features is reflected in a picture with many shapes, and there are pictures in the picture.

4. Contradictory graphics

(1) graphic form: presents a contradictory and unreasonable graphic form. Structuring the structure and relationship of matter-form that can't appear in life together presents a new illogical connection, thus breaking through the limitations of the original matter-form and generating new significance.

(2) Graphic features: In expressing surprise and re-understanding the shape of an object, the meaning hidden in the depth of the shape of the object is revealed through an unrelated or seemingly absurd accidental combination. Give people an absurd and unreasonable visual effect and make people believe in such absurdity.

(3) Configuration refers to:

Configuration means 1: abnormal deformation of objective shape, or contrast caused by enlargement and reduction of volume, or dislocation of common sense, or changes of physiological structure and natural laws.

Configuration means 2: change the ordered state of objective objects into disordered state, or add images, or change the direction of movement, or make disorderly connections.

(4) Expression of creative characteristics

Paradox: By changing the image, the familiar, reasonable and fixed order in life is disturbed, and the form in life is absurd and unreasonable, so as to deepen the impression of paradox.

Complementarity: let two shapes complement each other, and one shape completes part of the other shape, showing contradictions and conflicts. Also called contradiction, this is a form of contradiction.

Self-compensation: use part of one's own image to complete a part of one's own image, and generate self-contradictory interests. This is another form of contradiction.

5, contradiction space graphics

(1) Graphic form: It mainly shows the contradiction in visual space. Show an ambiguous visual effect. This kind of space can only be formed on the two-dimensional plane, which can be expressed and recognized, but it can't be really completed. It is a combination of objects and shapes viewed from various angles by using visual principles to create special spatial relations.

(2) Graphic features: A graphic exists in two or more spaces at the same time. The image space it shows gives people a sense of strangeness and uncertainty. On the whole, it is absurd and impossible. From different angles, its various forms of * * * relationship are seamless. This kind of spatial expression changes the connection law of space, which makes the original static and real image produce the effect of spatial change from front to back and from top to bottom, thus making the viewer's judgment out of control and falling into a confused state.

(3) Configuration means: The illusion effect of front or back, or convex or concave is expressed through lines, light and shade, and overlapping by alternating visual cognitive states. Using perspective principle and multi-viewpoint configuration means, different spatial concepts coexist in the same spatial graph, thus showing the contradiction of the space represented by the graph.

(4) The expression of creative characteristics: contrary to the combination of normal space concepts, contradiction space's impression is produced, and at the same time, new forms and new concepts are also produced. The performance of creative characteristics is to make graphics produce concrete and abstract, subjective and objective surreal artistic conception through multi-viewpoint graphic characteristics.

Second, the configuration and organization

1, imitating the organization of graphics.

(1) Copying graphics: refers to the use of ready-made objects, through the imitation and change of the image shape, to combine the shape of another object, and give it the meaning of life, so that the two meanings are linked. Copying graphics shows a more humorous and strange image, which is a special change under the conventional concept. The root of copying graphics is replacement.

(2) Phantom diagram: It is a graphic with special visual language formed by the projection of objective objects under the action of light, which is more meaningful than simple projection. The shadow produced by light irradiation in life is replaced by a new visual image, which makes it present a different counterpart from the original. Attention should be paid to the composition of shadows: first, accurate modeling is needed; Second, the image should be concise; The third is to make the image reflect creativity. That is to say, describing objective objects is "drawing dragons" and expressing shadows is "making the finishing point".

(3) Kink-like pattern: replacing the conventional object shape with an object shape different from the original object shape (but retaining the characteristics of the original object shape) to obtain a new and special object shape. Imitation knot graphics have irreplaceable particularity in visual communication. What is conventional and impossible can be realized through two-dimensional plane, which is a kind of thinking that breaks the conventional concept.

2. The organization of set graphics

(1) Scattered graphics: objects, figures, decorations, etc. They are all combined in a way that breaks the space and timeliness, so that all parts become an organic whole. The organization of scatter diagram is similar to the "scatter perspective" layout of Chinese painting to some extent. In the scatter plot, one object shape can take precedence, and all objects can be placed in the same important position, so there is no need to strictly divide the master-slave relationship of objects.

(2) Value-added graphics: Value-added graphics are the repeated addition of partial images or the whole of conventional objects; Or arrange the shapes moved to other shapes to clarify the transformation relationship between the parts. Due to the increase in number and the repetition of shapes, value-added graphics completely get rid of the objective physical shapes in reality, giving people a sense of visual repetition; Only when conscious addition or repetition causes a special appeal relationship can the emphasis on an element be expressed.

3, the organization of decomposition graphics

(1) Fragmentation diagram: The shape of an object that cannot be interrupted in an abnormal state in life is configured by fragmentation, tearing or separation, and its torn and fragmented state is shocking, conveying a novel concept. In configuration, a complete image is first determined, and then it is divided into several segments or blocks according to its creative purpose. Some blocks can be made into images that are consistent with the original graphic content but have different viewpoints.

(2) Mosaic graphics: using other shapes to make it present the image of a new shape. It is a mixture of various shapes and a heterogeneous isomorphic relationship. Placement graphics pay attention to the combination of shapes, and only need to keep part of the image of the main object shape. The image characteristics of other placement shapes are not limited to the similarity with the main object shape. Mosaic shapes are used to add and replace the main object shapes, some of which are similar to transposition graphics. However, it emphasizes the change of the overall image more than transposition graphics, and there are many kinds of splicing shapes for substitution, or parts can be added without following the structure of the main object shape.

4, the organization of variation graphics

(1) Divergent figure: Divergent figure refers to the variation, evolution and transformation of shape caused by the extension of object shape. Various shapes are transformed from one shape to another by gradual change, and an intermediary is found between the starting shape and the ending shape, which is displayed as a whole to form a new figure. In the configuration, the start and end graphics are determined first, then the middle element graphics of the two graphics are found and created, and the middle element graphics are connected with the start and end graphics respectively, and another element in the middle of the process is obtained.

(2) Variable-dimensional graphics: Variable-dimensional graphics are graphics that borrow two-dimensional visual space to create the concept of three-dimensional visual space. It can make two-dimensional objects three-dimensional, and it can also make three-dimensional objects two-dimensional. Resulting in a vertically staggered stereoscopic visual effect. Confuse two-dimensional and three-dimensional space, also known as mixed-dimensional graphics. In configuration, the transformation and combination of two-dimensional space and three-dimensional space make the normal spatial relationship disintegrate. The changing graphics build an interesting and spatially changing world.

Third, the program of graphic creativity.

1 preparation stage

(1) Comparison of theme selection: select the theme according to the theme.

(2) Collection, arrangement and arrangement of data: When the theme of the theme is determined, relevant data should be collected as much as possible, and data that has little to do with this design can also be widely collected as backup or backup data.

2. Analysis stage

(1) Open the thinking program of the selected topic and analyze the availability of the material.

(2) Analyze various reasons that may restrict creativity according to the thinking procedure.

3. Positioning stage

(1) Strategic orientation: What idea should the designer's creativity convey to the viewer? What does the designer use to locate the graphics? How do designers locate graphic connotation? What kind of configuration method is suitable for creative content ... constitutes the focus of this stage.

(2) Connotation positioning: the creativity of graphics conveys information through its connotation. Before graphic design, the connotation of this idea must be clear, that is, the visual image of graphics and the content to be expressed; Whether the design graphics are consistent with creativity; How to embody symbolic semantics in graphics?

4. Decision-making stage

On the basis of analysis and clear positioning, select the most innovative and accurate ideas and establish unique and novel creative means.

5, performance and production stage

(1) means of expression: means of expression should be consistent with creativity, and the second is to deepen the original creativity rather than weaken the quality of creativity.

(2) Sketch scheme: At this stage, it is especially proposed to use the configuration principle and organization method of graphic creativity to draw more variant sketches. Then select some drawings with great visual power, combine the advantages of various possible schemes, make trade-offs and modifications, and complete the final decision.

(3) Production: Different productions have different picture effects, and the production skills are directly related to the quality of the works. In the production, we should fully consider the imaging means of painting tools, materials, forms and techniques.