What are the main schools in the 20th century in the West? (Art genre, representative figures, artistic style)

One. /kloc-the main popular art schools in the west since the 0/9th century.

/kloc-the main art schools popular in the west since the 0/9th century: neoclassicism, romanticism and realism, impressionism and modernism.

Social background of neoclassical art: Neoclassical art came into being in France at the end of18th century19th century, which was related to the bourgeois revolution. 18 At the end of 2009, French society was in turmoil. With the arrival of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, the bourgeoisie opposed the stale artistic style under the old system, and they needed art to become a powerful weapon to publicize the revolution and advocate freedom, equality and harmony. In order to cultivate people's struggle courage and establish heroic spirit with art, they pursued the heroic spirit of ancient Greece and Rome, and neoclassical art came into being.

Its basic characteristics are: adopting classical form, embodying rationality and new system, choosing more historical and mythical themes of ancient Greece and Rome, and the characters are full of heroic spirit of striving for freedom and harmony; The painting style is simple, solemn and elegant, paying attention to sketch, emphasizing the clarity and accuracy of lines and pursuing perfection in form.

Representatives and masterpieces of this genre: death of marat and Napoleon's Coronation by French painter David, Fountain by Angel.

Second, the social background and basic characteristics of romantic art.

Romantic art came into being during the restoration of Bourbon after the failure of the Great Revolution. People are increasingly disappointed with the rational kingdom advocated by the Enlightenment, and some intellectuals are frustrated. They opposed authority, tradition and classical mode, which resulted in romantic art.

Representative figures and works of romantic art

Delacroix of France is one of the greatest romantic painters. The Theo Island Massacre depicts that the Greek people were tortured and killed by the Turkish army in the Greek-Turkish War, and the painter showed great sympathy for the Greek people. Guide People's Freedom depicts the July Revolution of 1830, when French workers, citizens and petty-bourgeois intellectuals took to the streets to oppose the feudal regime. Another outstanding representative of romantic painting is Spanish painter Goya, whose art has distinct "national characteristics, modernity and realistic sense of history". His most representative painting is shooting the citizens of Madrid. The painter described the historical fact that the Spanish people rose up against Napoleon's invasion in 1808. He sang praises to the patriotic people with irresistible enthusiasm.

Social background and basic characteristics of realistic art

Realistic art came into being in France in the middle of19th century. After the bourgeoisie seized power, the darkness of capitalist society made people and advanced intellectuals feel dissatisfied and depressed. Therefore, they demand to truly express the reality and expose and criticize it. The basic characteristics of realism are: emphasizing the characteristics of the times of art and directly describing the style and struggle of the current era.

Realistic art representatives and representative works

Miller, who was born as a farmer, is good at seeing the world of farmers through their eyes. His art, like a mirror, truly reflects the rural appearance of France from 1940s to 1960s. He not only praised the farmers' kindness, simplicity and love of labor, but also showed their weakness of conservatism, piety and resignation. The Sower and gleaner both embody this feature. Lie Bin is one of the main representatives of Russian realistic painting, and The Tracker on the Volga River is his masterpiece. Lie Bin once went to the Volga River to sketch, and the life of the tracker left an unforgettable impression on him. In this painting, Lie Bin painted 1 1 weather-beaten laborers, who struggled to pull the rope on the hot beach by the river. Trackers have different experiences and personalities. They live at the bottom of society, but this is a team trained to be tenacious and interdependent in suffering.

Four. "Impressionism"

The artistic characteristics, representative figures and representative works of Impressionism. The textbook shows the artistic expression style of Impressionism in different periods through Impression of Sunrise and Cherry and Peach.

(1) The Origin and Basic Characteristics of Impressionism

/kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, some young painters expressed dissatisfaction with various rules and regulations governing European art; Inspired by the scientific proof that "color is the light reflected by objects", they advocate outdoor sketching. They came out of the studio and discovered the ever-changing nature. When describing natural scenery, they attach importance to the expression of light, color and atmosphere. They regard light as a "master of painting". The change of light intensity is vividly displayed in the works of impressionist painters. Most paintings are made with primary colors, so the colors are particularly fresh and bright. They try their best to observe nature in order to "transplant nature powerfully and sensitively".

(2) The representative figures and works of Impressionism.

The representatives of early impressionism were Monet and Manet in France. Monet and other young painters once formed the "Unknown Painters Association" and held an exhibition in Paris, which caused a great sensation. Among them, Monet's painting Impression of Sunrise is even more remarkable. This painting shows the instant impression of seeing the rising sun through the morning fog on a foggy morning in le havre Harbor. After seeing the exhibition, a critic wrote an article mocking the painting, saying that Monet and other painters were a group of "impressionists". Unexpectedly, the name "Impressionism" was established in the painting circle, and Impression of Sunrise became the symbol of this painting school. Manet's paintings pay attention to the relationship between light and color, with bright colors and clear and bright light. His masterpiece is Lunch on the Grass. The painter wants to show the contrast between the human body and the color block in the external light. This painting caused a heated debate at that time.

(3) Post-impressionism.

19 At the end of the 20th century, post-impressionism came into being. They opposed the impressionism's description of the objective world as a superficial phenomenon and advocated that art should be different from photography. To reveal the subjective world, it is important not to draw freehand brushwork, but to pay attention to self-expression and emphasize deformation and exaggeration. The works of Van Gogh, a Dutch painter, show the theme of pursuing light, enthusiasm and loving life. "Sunflower" freehand brushwork is more important than words, expressing subjective enthusiasm. Cezanne of France pays special attention to the structure of objects. He believes that "all objects in the world can be summarized as spheres, cylinders and cones". His exploration and deformation of geometric shapes inspired later cubism, and he was known as "the father of modern art". The artistic style of Gauguin, a French painter, is that the characters are naive and simple, the colors are plain, the three-dimensional sense is lacking, there is no light and shade, but there is a strong decorative atmosphere. His masterpiece is Where Are We From? Who Are We? Where are we going? 》。

Five. "modernist art"

The causes, artistic features, representative figures and representative works of modernist art show the artistic features of modernist art through works such as Dance, guernica, Neapolitan and Purple is Black.

(1) The concept, causes and basic characteristics of modernist art.

Since the 20th century, many art schools different from traditional art schools have been collectively referred to as modernist art. The reasons for its emergence are as follows: since the 20th century, two world wars have broken out, which have caused great trauma to people's minds; The fast-paced life brought by industrialization has also aggravated people's sense of tension, making people no longer satisfied with traditional artistic expressions; The development of science and technology broadens artists' horizons of understanding the world, and they begin to create with new forms of expression and artistic spirit.

(2) Representative figures and representative works

Matisse, a French painter known as Fauvism, is one of the representatives of modernist art, and his masterpiece Dance.

The most influential modernist art is the Spanish painter Picasso. As the founder of cubism, he completely subverted the traditional technique of concrete realism with the painting "The Girl of avignon".

. "guernica" mural,

This painting combines cubism, realism and surrealism, showing pain, suffering and animality.