Elementary school students Spring Festival handbook on should write a write which content

The Spring Festival generally refers to New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month. However, in folklore, the Spring Festival in the traditional sense refers to the Lunar New Year Festival from the Lunar New Year's Eve or the Lunar New Year's 23rd or 24th Zaosi Festival until the 15th day of the first month of the lunar year, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month as the climax. During the Spring Festival, the Han Chinese and many ethnic minorities in China hold various activities to celebrate. These activities are mainly to worship gods and buddhas, pay homage to ancestors, get rid of the old and bring in the new, welcome joy and receive blessings, and pray for a good year. The activities are colorful and have strong national characteristics. Spring Festival Customs Stove Worshipping The Spring Festival in China usually begins with stove-worshipping. The folk song "Twenty-three, sugar gourd sticky" refers to the festival of stove on the 23rd or 24th day of the Lunar New Year every year, and there is the so-called "Officials three, people four, boat family five", that is, the official government on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year, the general people's family on the 24th day, and the people on the water for the twenty-fifth day of the festival of the stove. Stove festival, is a folk in our country has a great influence, widely spread custom. In the old days, almost every house had a "Zao Wang" god in the stove room. People called this god "Sifu Bodhisattva" or "Zaojun Sifu". Legend has it that he was appointed by the Jade Emperor as the "Zaowangfujun, the Sifu of the East Kitchen in the Nine Heavens", responsible for managing the stove fires of each family, and worshipped as the protector of a family. He is responsible for the management of each family's stove fire, and is worshipped as the protector god of a family. Most of the Zaowang niches are located in the north or east of the stove room, with the idol of Zaowang in the center. For those who don't have a Zaowang niche, there are also those who put the idol directly on the wall. Some of the idols depicted only one person, Zao Wang, while others had two persons, a man and a woman, and the goddess was called "Zao Wang's grandmother". This is probably an imitation of the image of an earthly couple. Most of the statues of Lord Zao also have the calendar of the year printed on them, with words such as "Master of the East Kitchen", "Supervisor of the Earth", and "Head of the Household" to indicate the status of the God of Vesta. On both sides, the couplet "Good things are said in heaven and peace is guaranteed in the lower world" is pasted to bless the whole family with peace. Since the previous year's New Year's Eve, Zaosheng has been staying at home to protect and monitor the family; on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year, Zaosheng will ascend to heaven to report to the Jade Emperor in the sky on the family's good or bad deeds, and the ceremony to send the Zaosheng is called "Sending Zaos" or "Resigning Zaos". The ceremony of sending the Zaoshen is called "sending Zao" or "resigning Zao". Based on the report of the Zaos, the Jade Emperor will hand over to the Zaos the fate of the family in the new year. Therefore, for a family, the report of the Zaowang master is really of great interest. The Zaowang ceremony is usually held at dusk or at night. The family first goes to the stove room, sets up a table, pays homage to Zaowangsa in the shrine on the wall of the stove, and offers sugar melons made of caramel and flour. Then, they make paper horses and feed grass to the animals. Offering caramelized sugar to Zaowang is to sweeten his old man's mouth. In some places, sugar is smeared around the mouth of Zaowang, saying, "Say more good things, don't say bad things." This is to stuff the mouth of Master Zao with sugar, so that he will not say anything bad. In the Tang Dynasty, there is a record of "applying wine lees on the stove to make Zaosi drunk" in the "Records of the Years and Seasons of the Emperor in the Emperor's Chariot". After smearing the mouth of Zaowang with sugar, people would take down the statue of the god and ascend to heaven together with paper and smoke. In some places, sesame stalks and pine branches are piled up in the yard at night, and the image of Zaojun, which has been offered for a year, is invited out of the shrine and burned, together with paper horses and grass, on fire. The yard was brightly lit by the fire, and the family bowed around the fire, praying while burning: This year is the twenty-third, to send Zaojun to the West. There is a strong horse, there is grass, a smooth and safe journey. The sugar melons offered are sweet, so please say good words to the Jade Emperor. Send Zaojun, some places there are still several beggars, disguised, singing Zaojun song, dance Zaojun, called "send Zaojun God", in exchange for food. Send stove customs in China's north and south is extremely common, Mr. Lu Xun has written a "gengzi send stove that is the matter" poem: only chicken gum teeth sugar, can clothes for petal incense. There are no long things at home, not only less yellow sheep. He said in his article "Writings on the Day of Sending Off Zaos": "On the day when the God of Zaos ascended to heaven, there was a kind of sugar sold on the street, which was the size of a mandarin orange, and we also have this kind of thing in our place, but it was flat, like a thick small pancake. It is called "Gum Teeth Molasses". It was meant to be eaten by Zaojun to glue his teeth, so that he would not be able to speak ill of the Jade Emperor." The allusion to the "yellow goat" in Lu Xun's poem comes from "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty - The Biography of Yin Zhi": "During the reign of Emperor Xuan Di, Yin Zifang was a man of great filial piety and benevolence. Lunar morning cooking, and the stove God see, Zifang worship again to be celebrated; home has a yellow sheep, because of the sacrifice. Since then, after the storm to the rich. To know three generations, and then prosperous, so after often to wax day sacrifice stove and recommend yellow sheep." Yin Zifang saw the God of the stove, kill yellow sheep sacrifice, and then made good luck. From then on, the custom of killing yellow goats to sacrifice to the stove has been passed down. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the offerings for Zaos were quite abundant. The Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda's "Zaosi Words" gave an extremely vivid description of the folk festival of Zaosi at that time: It is said that on the twenty-fourth day of the Lunar New Year, Zaosi wants to say something to the sky. The cloud car, wind and horses stayed a little, and the family had cups and plates for the ceremony. The pig's head is rotten, the fish is fresh, the bean paste is sweet and loose, the rice bait is round. Men offer their daughters to avoid it, and sprinkle wine and burn money to make Zaojun happy. Don't be angry at the maid's struggles, or at the cats and dogs that touch you. Send you to the gate of heaven drunk and full, don't repeat the long and short spoons, and beg for the profit to be shared. The sacrificial stove on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year has a close relationship with the New Year. This is because, a week later, on the night of the 30th day of the Lunar New Year, Master Zao comes to earth with the other gods with the good fortune and misfortune that the family is supposed to get. Lord Zao is believed to lead the way for the gods in heaven. The other gods ascend to heaven again after the New Year, but only Zao Wangwang stays in people's kitchens for a long time. The ceremony of welcoming the gods is called "receiving the gods", and for Lord Zao it is called "receiving the stove". The ceremony is usually much simpler on New Year's Eve, when the new stove lamps are replaced and incense is burned in front of the stove niche, and that's the end of it. As the saying goes, "Men don't worship the moon, women don't worship the stove". In some places, women don't sacrifice zaos, and it is said that Zaowangdi looks like a little white man and is afraid of women sacrificing to zaos, which is a "suspicion of men and women". The origin of Zao Wang Wang has a long history. Among the Chinese folk gods, Zao is considered to be very old. As early as in the Xia Dynasty, he was already a great god worshipped by the people. According to the ancient book "Rituals - Rituals" Kong Yingda sparse: "Zhuanxu's son Ri Li, Zhu Rong, sacrificed to the god of the stove." Zhuangzi. Dasheng" recorded: "The stove has a bun." Sima Biao commented: "Bun, the god of the stove, dressed in red, like a beautiful woman." In the "Clasp of Parks. It is also written in the "Micro Purpose" that "On the night of the moon's darkness, the god of the stove also goes up to heaven for the white man's sins." These records are probably the source of the sacrifices to the God of Vesta. In addition, or that the god of the stove is drilling wood for fire "flint man's"; or that is the Shennong's "fire officer"; or that is the "yellow emperor as stove" "Su Jili"; or that the god of the stove is surnamed Zhang, a list of the word Ziguo; many say different things. There is an interesting story circulating among the people. It is said that in ancient times, there was a family surnamed Zhang, two brothers, brother is a plasterer, brother is a painter. The brother's specialty is the work of the pan pots and pans, the East Street please, West Square invited, all praised him for his high craftsmanship of the base stove. Over the years, he became famous and was honored as "King Zhang Zao" by all the people in the area. Speaking of Zhang Zao Wang is also strange, no matter to whose home base stove, such as the other family has a dispute, he loves to meddle. When he meets a noisy daughter-in-law, he wants to persuade, and when he meets a fierce mother-in-law, he also wants to say, as if he is an old elder. In the future, all the neighbors would go to him for anything, and everyone respected him. Zhang Zaowang lived to be seventy years old, and it was the night of the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year when he died. Zhang Zaowang died, Zhang family can be a mess, the original Zhang Zaowang is the head of the family, the family things are at his command, and now the elder brother left the earth, the younger brother will only poetry and painting, although has been the flower of the armor, but has never been in charge of the housework. Several daughters-in-law are clamoring to split the family, the painter was stirred to do nothing, all day long sad face. One day, he finally came up with a good idea. On the twenty-third day of the waxing moon, the first anniversary of the death of Zhang Zaowang, late at night, the master suddenly called to wake up the whole family, saying that the big brother manifested itself. He will be son and daughter-in-law of the whole family to the kitchen, only to see the dark walls of the stove, floating candlelight vaguely revealed Zhang Zao Wang and his late wife's appearance, the family were stunned. The artist said: "I dreamed that my elder brother and sister-in-law had become immortals when I went to bed, and the Jade Emperor appointed them as the Zao Wang Fu Jun, the Secretary of the East Kitchen of the Nine Heavens. You have been lazy and lazy, and your sisters-in-law are not in harmony, not respecting and filial piety, making the family God uneasy. My elder brother knows that you are splitting up the family and is very angry, so he is going to go up to heaven to report to the Jade Emperor and come down to the world to punish you on the night of the 30th day of the new year." Children nieces and nephews-in-law heard these words, horrified, immediately kneeling down and kowtowing, busy fetching Zhang Zao Wang usually love to eat sweets to offer on the stove, pleading with Master Zao for forgiveness. From then on, often noisy uncles and brothers and daughters-in-law no longer dare to make a scene, the whole family live together peacefully, the young and the old live in peace. After this incident was known to the neighbors, the rumor spread, and they all rushed to the Zhang family to find out the truth. In fact, the night of the twenty-third day of the waxing moon on the wall of the stove stove king, is the painter pre-drawn. He is a fake big brother manifestation of the spirit of the town to scare the children nieces and nephews, I do not expect this method is really effective. So when the neighbors came to find the painter to find out the situation, he had to pretend to be real, the painted stove king statue distributed to the neighbors. Such as these, passed along the countryside, every family's stove room are affixed with the Zaowang statue. As the years went by, the custom of making offerings to Zao Wang on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year and praying for the safety of the whole family was formed. After the custom of Zaosai was spread, since the Zhou Dynasty, the Imperial Palace also included it in the festival, and set up the rules of Zaosai in the country, which became a fixed ceremony. Because of the different customs around the world, the folk also have "jumping Zaowang" and "playing Zaowang" activities. "Jumping Zaobao Wang" is a folk by the ancient "exorcism" from the development of a form of activities, mainly beggars activities, from the first day of the waxing moon to the 24th is "jumping Zaobao Wang" days. Into the waxing moon, the beggars in groups of three or five, dressed as stove male and female stove take bamboo sticks in the door, begging for money, called "jumping stove king", also contains the meaning of driving away evil spirits. This activity is mainly carried out in the southeast of China. Sweeping Dust After the Zao Festival, preparations for the New Year's Eve officially begin. Every year, from the 23rd day of the lunar month to New Year's Eve, Chinese folk call this period "Spring Festival", also known as "Dust Sweeping Day". Sweeping is the end of the year cleaning, the north called "sweeping room", the south called "dusting". Sweeping dust before the Spring Festival is a traditional habit of our people. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household has to clean up the environment, cleaning all kinds of appliances, unwashing bedding curtains, sweeping the courtyard, dusting dust cobwebs, dredge the nullahs and ditches. North and south of the Yangtze River, everywhere overflowing with joyful health, clean and welcome the atmosphere of the New Year. Interestingly, there is a rather bizarre story about the origin of dust sweeping in ancient times. Legend has it that the ancients believed that the human body is attached to a three corpses of God, he is like a shadow, following the movements of people, inseparable. The God of Three Corpses is a guy who likes flattery and loves to make a fuss. He often spread rumors in front of the Jade Emperor, describing the earth as ugly and unappealing. Over time, in the Jade Emperor's impression, the earth was simply a dirty world full of sin. Once. The Three Corpses God secretly reported that the earth was cursing the Heavenly Emperor and wanted to plot against the Heavenly Court. The Jade Emperor was furious and sent down a decree to quickly find out what was going on on earth. Anyone who complained about the gods and blasphemed against them would have their crimes written under the eaves of their houses. The Jade Emperor also ordered Wang Ling Ling to cover them up with a web to mark them. The Jade Emperor also ordered Wang Lingguan to go down to the world on the night of New Year's Eve, and wherever he met a family with a mark, he would kill all the family members and leave no one behind. Three corpses of God see this plan is about to succeed, take advantage of the opportunity to fly down to the mortal world, regardless of the green and black and white, viciously in the eaves and corners of each house to do the mark, so that the king of the Ling Palace to come to a cut down to the last one. Just when the three corpses of God in the evil, Zaojun found his whereabouts, alarmed, hastened to find each family Zaowang master to discuss countermeasures. So, came up with a good way, on the twenty-third day of the waxing moon to send the stove from the date, to the New Year's Eve to receive the stove before, each family must clean the house clean, which household is not clean, the Zaosheng master refused to enter the house. We follow the instructions before the ascension of the King Zaowang, sweeping dust, dusting off cobwebs, wiping clean doors and windows, to clean their own homes to a new look. When Wang Lingguan was ordered to go down to the world to check on New Year's Eve, he found that all the windows in every house were clean, the lights were brilliant, and people were reunited with each other, which made the earth a beautiful place to live in. Wang Lingguan couldn't find any marks indicating the bad deeds, so he was very surprised and rushed back to heaven to report the peaceful and happy situation on earth and pray for a happy new year to the Jade Emperor. After hearing this, the Jade Emperor was greatly shocked, and sent down an order to detain the three corpses of the God, ordered to slap his mouth 300 times, and detained him in the heavenly prison forever. This time, the earthly calamity was spared thanks to the rescue of the God of Zao. In order to thank the king of the stove for the people to get rid of the disaster, blessing Zhangxiang, so the folk sweeping always in the send stove after the start, until the busy New Year's Eve. "The 24th day of the Lunar New Year, dusting and sweeping the house" is a custom that has a long history. According to "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals" records, our country in the era of Yao and Shun on the Spring Festival dust custom. According to folklore: because the "dust" and "Chen" consonant, dust sweeping in the New Year has "in addition to the meaning of Chen Bu Xin", the intention is to put all the "poor luck! ", "bad luck" are swept out. This custom is a symbol of people's desire to break away from the old and bring in the new and their prayers for the old and the new. "Three corpses of God" Taoism said in the human body for worship "God". According to the "Three Corpses in Taishang Jing", "the upper corpse is called Peng 倨, in the human head; the middle corpse is called Peng quality, in the human abdomen; the lower corpse is called Peng Jiao, in the human feet." It is also said that on the day of Gengshen, they would go up to heaven to tell the Emperor of Heaven about the sins of people; however, as long as people stayed up all night on that day, they could avoid it, which is called "observing Gengshen". Eating Zao Sugar Zao Sugar is a kind of malt sugar, sticky, it is drawn into a long sugar stick called "Guandong Sugar", and pulled into a flat round shape called "Sugar Melon". Put it outside the house in winter, because of the cold weather, sugar melon solidified solid and some tiny bubbles inside, eat it crunchy, sweet and crispy, unique flavor. The real Guandong sugar hard, drop can not be broken, eat must be split with a kitchen knife, the material is very heavy and very fine. Slightly sour taste, no honeycomb in the middle, each piece weighs one or two, two or four, the price is also more expensive. Sugar melons divided into sesame and no sesame two kinds, made of sugar melon shape or melon shape, the center is empty, the skin is not as thick as five points, although the size of the different, but the transaction is still calculated by the amount, the large sugar melons weighing one or two pounds, but used as a front to buy very few people. Receive Jade Emperor The old custom is that after the God of Stove went to heaven, the Emperor Jade Emperor in the lunar calendar on the 25th day of the 12th month personally down to investigate the good and evil on earth, and determine the coming year's misfortunes, so the family sacrifices to pray for blessings, known as the "Receive Jade Emperor". On this day, people should be careful in their living and speaking, and strive to perform well in order to win the Jade Emperor's favor and bring good fortune to the coming year. Catching up with the chaotic year After sending the God of the Stove to heaven, the God of the Stove is welcomed back on New Year's Eve, during which time there is no god on earth to govern, no taboos, and many marriages are organized, which is known as "catching up with the chaotic year". It is known as the "Catch up with the Year of Chaos". The Year of Chaos is a specific period of time designed by the people for themselves to regulate their social life. At the end of the year, people have leisure and savings, for people who usually have the energy to organize a big event, this is a good time. Therefore, people invented this special time folklore according to the needs of real life. It can be seen that in traditional society, the order of people's life is dependent on folklore to regulate. Shao Tian Silkworms, also known as "Shao Tian Silkworms", "Shao Tian Silkworms" and "Shao Tian Cai", is a folk custom of praying for the New Year that is popular in the south of the Yangtze River. On the 25th day of the Lunar New Year, long poles with torches are set up in the fields, and the flames are used to divine the New Year, and a strong flame is an omen of a good harvest in the coming year. Some places hold this event on the 30th day of the Lunar New Year. Thousand Lanterns Festival is a religious festival of the Mongolian and Daur ethnic groups. In Mongolian, it is called "Ming Gan Zhuo La", which means "Thousand Lights Festival". On the 25th day of the Lunar New Year, "Ming Gan Zhuo La" is made to be lit in the temple, and it is believed that the more lights are lit, the more auspicious it is. This holiday custom, the most prevalent in the Xinjiang Virat Mongolian. Local people eat roast beef and mutton on this day and hold traditional sports and games. Bathing Traditional folklore in these two days to focus on bathing, laundry, remove the bad luck of the year, ready to meet the next year's New Year, the capital has a "twenty-seven to wash the guilt of disease, twenty-eight to wash sloppy" proverbs. Lunar New Year's Eve On the day before the New Year's Eve, the Chinese people will take a bath to get rid of the bad luck of the year and prepare for the coming New Year. Small New Year's Eve The day before New Year's Eve is called "Small New Year's Eve", when families set up banquets and people visit each other, which is called "Farewell". The day before the New Year's Eve is called "Little New Year's Eve". Families have a banquet and people visit each other. The first thing you need to do is to write about the origins of the Spring Festival, the customs, and so on

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