What is the difference between the charging system of new energy vehicles and traditional vehicles?

Pacific Auto Network's new energy electric vehicles are mainly driven by electricity, so electric vehicles use rechargeable power batteries. Compared with the traditional vehicle, the power battery+motor replaces the engine+gearbox of the traditional fuel vehicle. Therefore, there are great differences between the two cars in design logic and principle.

Thermal management of power battery is the core. Compared with traditional vehicles, the thermal management requirements of new energy vehicles are higher than those of traditional vehicles, and the thermal management system of new energy vehicles is more complicated, including not only air conditioning system, but also cooling requirements for newly added batteries, drive motors and other components.

(1) Too low or too high temperature will affect the performance and service life of lithium batteries, so a thermal management system is needed. According to the different heat transfer media, the battery thermal management system can be divided into air cooling, direct cooling and liquid cooling. The cost of liquid cooling is lower than that of direct cooling, and the cooling effect is better than that of air cooling, which has the mainstream application trend.

(2) Due to the change of power type, the value of electric scroll compressor in electric vehicle air conditioning is obviously higher than that of traditional compressor. At present, electric vehicles are mainly heated by PTC heaters, which seriously affects the cruising range in winter. It is expected that the heat pump air conditioning system with higher heating energy efficiency ratio will be gradually applied in the future.

Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles require higher thermal management, and only need to manage the engine. The thermal management system of new energy vehicles needs to coordinate the relationship between heat and powertrain and the whole vehicle from the perspective of system integration and integrity, and control and optimize the heat transfer system by comprehensive means. It can automatically adjust the cooling intensity according to the driving conditions and environmental conditions, so as to ensure that the cooled object works in the optimal temperature range, thereby optimizing the environmental protection performance and energy-saving effect of the whole vehicle and improving the driving safety and driving comfort of the vehicle. At the same time, the automobile thermal management system is mainly used for cooling and temperature control, including passenger compartment thermal management (air conditioning system) and powertrain cooling. Therefore, compared with traditional vehicles, the thermal management system of new energy vehicles will be more complex and valuable.

Multi-component thermal management requirements Compared with traditional vehicles, the thermal management system of new energy vehicles generally increases the heat dissipation requirements of power batteries, motors, electronic components and other multi-components and multi-fields.

The traditional automobile thermal management system mainly includes two parts: engine cooling system and automobile air conditioning system. Because of the engine, gearbox and other components, the new energy vehicle has become a battery motor electronic control and reducer. Its thermal management system mainly includes four parts: battery thermal management system, automobile air conditioning system, motor electronic control cooling system and reducer cooling system.

(Photo/Text/Photo: Pacific Auto Network Q&A called Beast)