How many people are there in the Hezhen tribe? Where do they live in China?

Overview of the Herzhe Ethnic Group

The Herzhe are an ethnic group with a long history in northeastern China. They are mainly found in Tongjiang County, Raohe County and Fuyuan County in Heilongjiang Province. A small number of people live in some villages and towns in Huachuan, Yilan and Furao counties and Jiamusi city. Because of the different distribution areas, they have different names. In Fujin County along the upper reaches of the Songhua River in Datun called "Nabei", in Ghaldang Tun to the village of Jinkou called "Nainai", in the village of Ledeli along the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River to the Ussuri River called "Nanyao". The area from Guldeli Village along the lower Heilongjiang River to the Ussuri River is called "Nanyao. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Herzhe was 4,640, and it is the only ethnic group in northern China that makes a living by fishing. They use the Hezhen language, which belongs to the Manchu branch of the Tungusic group of the Altaic language family. There is no writing. Early in life, cutting wood, cracking leather, knotting leather to keep track of things. For a long time with the Han Chinese intermingling, general Chinese language.

Fish skin clothing wine to honor the gods, dog sled Hezhe

According to the fifth national census in 2001, statistics show that the country *** more than 4,600 Hezhe, is the country's least populated ethnic groups, most of whom live in Heilongjiang Province, Tongjiang, Raohe, Fuyuan and other cities and counties. Tongjiang City, Jiezinkou Hezhe Township is one of the country's four Hezhe settlement.

Herzhe National Culture Village Gate - Typical Herzhe Architecture Mukeleng

When we came to the gate of the culture village, we saw the typical Herzhe architecture - Mukeleng. Walking into the cultural village, in the Hezhen Exhibition Hall, which is also a Mukhleng building, the tools used by the Hezhen people for fishing and hunting, various beasts caught by the Hezhen people as well as animal-skin products, national literature and art, national songs and dances, as well as physical and visual materials, gave us a further perceptual understanding of the Hezhen people's living customs and culture and art. Located in the outdoor a linden wood carved totem pole, carved bear, tiger, deer, eagle and other animals, showing the religious beliefs of the Herzhe people.

Herzhe trace their roots

According to historical records, can be traced back to more than 6,000 years ago, Mishan Xin Kai Liu period, in the pre-Qin Dynasty called Sushan, Han and Wei called Yilou, North and South Dynasty called Bedji, Sui and Tang dynasty called the Blackwater, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, called

Wujin. The origin of the name of the Hezhen was first recorded in the second year of the Kangxi (1662) on the Qing Record of Facts and to be passed on. Now, there are four Herzhe settlements in the country***, namely Jiejinkou Herzhe Township and Bachang Herzhe Township in Tongjiang City, Sipai Herzhe Township in Raohe County and Aoqi Village in Aoqi Township in Jiamusi.

For historical reasons, the Hezhe are a transnational people, with a population of more than 20,000 Hezhe in Russia, who are locally known as the Nanai. Their national history, national language, religious rituals, songs and dances, clothes and costumes, folk customs and our country's Herzhe are characterized by the production and life of the northern inland fishing and hunting peoples.

Herzhe clothing, food, housing and transportation

Fishing and hunting is the main source of clothing and food for the Herzhe people. The Hezhen people love to eat fish, especially love to eat raw fish. This custom has been inherited to this day, showing the characteristics of this ethnic group is different from other ethnic groups. The Hezhen people have always been to kill raw fish as a tribute.

Not only to fish, animal meat for food, Hezhe people wear clothes are mostly made of fish skin, roe deer skin and deerskin. Most men wear large lapel type elk skin coat, lapel decorated with two rows of catfish bone buttons, women wear fish skin or deerskin coat, style is very similar to the cheongsam. Men and women wear fish skin pants and elk skin, buckskin and fish skin shoes. Fish skin clothes is also a specialty of the Hezhen women. Therefore, the Herzhe people are also known as the "Fish Skin Department" in history. In the exhibition hall of the cultural village, we saw the exhibition of two sets of cooked salmon skin sewing men and women with fish skin suit, exquisite workmanship, simple and generous style.

Herzhe handful of Luo Ankou

In terms of residence, the Herzhe people live in permanent houses Mukleng, Laho plaited grass main house and temporary houses handful of Luo Ankou (pointed roof shack), Hu Ruobu (cellar), Cuo Bhu Ru Ankou (domed roof shack).

Dog sledding is the main means of transportation for the Hezhen people. Trained dogs, each can pull about 70 kilograms, 100 to 150 kilometers a day. The dog is a good helper of the Hezhen people, they play an important role in transportation, hunting, housekeeping, protection of the master, so the history of the Hezhen people also known as the "make the dog department".

The development of the times to today, the traditional production of the Hezhen people, the way of life is also changing, in the township of Jiejinkou, the Hezhen people into a spacious new homes, farming, the development of tourism, living a happy life of the Hezhen people are the same as the other brother ethnic groups toward the well-off.

Herzhe ancestors, since ancient times in the Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Ussuri River basin to flourish. Sushin system of Yilou, Bedji, Heishui Mohe, savage women and other ancient peoples, and the Hezhen ancestors have a relationship. To the early Qing Dynasty, began to "Heijin", "Hejin", "Hejin", "Qileng", "Hezhe" and other names in the official and private literature. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the name Hezhe was unified.

On the question of when the Hezhen formed, there are still different opinions in the academic community. It is generally believed that the Herzhe is the ancient Herzhe clan as the core, absorbed Oroqen, Ewenki, Manchu and other ethnic components and other indigenous Heilongjiang basin, as well as to the Herzhe distribution area to live in the Mongols, Chinese and other components, in the early Qing Dynasty, the formation of a more stable clan, mainly engaged in fishing and hunting production. Before the liberation of its social development remains in the primitive society at the end of the patriarchal clan stage. After the establishment of new China, the party and the government is very concerned about the production and life of the Herzhe people, its social production in the socialist society has been beyond the development of the Herzhe people's living conditions have been greatly improved.