Path analysis of industrial innovation

(A) one of the paths of industrial innovation-industrial transfer

Industrial transfer is an economic behavior and process of transferring some industries from one country or region to another after the conditions of resource supply or product demand change. Industrial transfer plays an important role in promoting regional economic development and is one of the important ways of industrial innovation. There are three main factors that determine industrial transfer: first, economic factors, which mainly weigh cost, market, price, infrastructure and industrial related conditions; Second, environmental factors, that is, the ability of different regions to bear the degree of environmental damage and the quality of geographical and humanistic environment; Third, policy factors, mainly tax burden comparison, industrial policy constraints, including the influence of international political relations.

By undertaking industrial transfer to realize industrial innovation, we can use ready-made industrial resources to quickly complete industrial upgrading and realize leap-forward industrial progress. The eastern part of China, taking advantage of its pioneering opening and unique location advantages, seized the opportunity of industrial transfer in developed countries and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, undertook the development of a large number of processing industries, and carried out industrial innovation, which not only effectively promoted the local economic development, but also became an important force for China's economic growth.

Industrial innovation in industrial transfer should be a rare double opportunity, that is, the remedy of historical opportunities and the opening of new opportunities. We should not hesitate to seize this double opportunity, actively promote industrial innovation, accelerate structural upgrading, and quickly realize industrial scale expansion.

Industrial innovation in industrial transfer is mainly to form its own brand on the core technology, improve the added value of the industry, pay attention to excessive pollution and other issues. The process of industrial transfer is a process of absorbing, transforming and promoting industrial development. Pan Weiming believes that the business strategy of multinational companies has changed from a "transnational domestic strategy" limited to the national economy and the interests of the home country to a "borderless strategy" that serves the maximization of corporate profits on a global scale. The overseas production of multinational corporations has a negative impact on the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in the home country, thus promoting the "industrial hollowing out" of the home country. Luo Jianhua and others systematically analyzed the influence of international industrial transfer on China's regional economic development, and thought that the unbalanced regional distribution of international industrial transfer was an important reason for the difference of China's regional economic growth in recent years, which promoted the formation of China's industrial clusters, accelerated the process of industrialization in the east, promoted the technological innovation and system reform of domestic enterprises, formed a more active competitive situation, improved market behavior and promoted the adjustment of industrial structure. In a word, the effect of industrial transfer is mainly the integration and upgrading effect, which will not only organically optimize the transferor's own structure and internal spatial relations, but also optimize the transferee's industrial structure, thus strengthening the external relations between the transferor and the transferee. The key question is whether we can grasp the process of pursuing advantages and avoiding disadvantages, especially the relationship between taking shortcuts and independent research and development, technology and brand innovation. Industrial transfer not only promotes the improvement of independent innovation ability, but also enhances the selectivity and substitution of industrial transfer by improving independent innovation ability.

(B) the second path of industrial innovation-industrial clusters

Industrial cluster refers to the phenomenon that a large number of enterprises with close industrial ties and related supporting institutions gather in space to form a strong and sustainable competitive advantage in specific fields. Industrial cluster is an effective industrial innovation strategy and an effective way to improve economic competitiveness. Cluster industrial innovation is an innovative organizational form in which enterprises in the same industry or related industries gain innovation advantages through geographical concentration or proximity based on specialized division of labor and cooperation. The structure of this kind of organization is between pure market and pure hierarchical organization, which is more stable and flexible than market organization. With this special organizational structure, enterprises can establish long-term and stable innovative cooperative relations. That is, from the perspective of a single enterprise or industrial organization, through vertical integration, enterprises can replace high-cost market transactions with low-cost intra-enterprise transactions to achieve the purpose of reducing transaction costs: through vertical integration, the stability of enterprise production and sales can be enhanced; Through vertical integration, we can form a certain competitive advantage in production cost, raw material supply, product sales channels and prices, and improve the entry barriers of enterprises; Through vertical integration, enterprises can improve their sensitivity to market information; Through vertical integration, enterprises can enter high-tech industries and high-profit industries.

Industrial cluster is of great practical significance to regional industrial innovation and regional economic development. Industrial clusters go beyond the scope of general industries, forming a * * * body in which various industries are integrated and various types of institutions are interrelated in a specific geographical scope, which constitutes the competitive advantage of this region. The development of industrial clusters has become an important indicator to examine the development level of an economy or region. From the perspective of industrial structure and product structure, industrial cluster is actually the processing depth of a certain product and the extension of industrial chain. In a sense, it is the adjustment, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. From the perspective of industrial organization, industrial cluster is actually the vertical integrated development of an enterprise or a large company or a large enterprise group in a certain area. If industrial structure and industrial organization are combined, industrial cluster actually refers to the meaning of industrial cluster and cluster development. That is to say, one or some industrial chains formed within a certain region or between regions. The core of industrial cluster is the high concentration of industries in a certain spatial range, which is conducive to reducing the institutional costs of enterprises (including production costs and transaction costs), improving economies of scale and scope, and improving the market competitiveness of industries and enterprises.

(C) the third path of industrial innovation-industrial integration

Industrial integration refers to the technological integration at industrial boundaries and intersections due to technological progress and deregulation, which changes the characteristics and market demand of the original industrial products, leads to changes in the competition and cooperation between industrial enterprises, and leads to blurred or even redrawn industrial boundaries. Industrial integration is a dynamic and innovative new development model in industrial innovation and development, which can effectively improve industrial competitiveness. Industrial integration affects industrial scale from the level of value creation and production capacity, improves the ability of industry to occupy the market and expand, thus enhancing the growth of industry and improving industrial economic benefits. Industrial integration is the inevitable trend of social productivity progress and high industrial structure.

Industrial integration means the blurring of traditional industrial boundaries and the trend of economic service, the establishment of new competition and synergy between industries and greater compound economic effects. Industrial integration has brought new vitality and impetus to economic development, as well as new opportunities and potential space expansion. Industrial integration will have a great impact and important role on industrial innovation and industrial development.

After industrial integration, the market structure will undergo more complicated changes. Industrial integration can change the scope of competition by establishing and realizing new links between industries and enterprise organizations, enable new participants to enter and explore new markets, enhance competitiveness and shape new market structures, which is conducive to rational allocation of resources, increase of employment and development of human capital. A series of activities such as enterprise merger and consolidation have shaped a new market pattern in industrial integration. The new market activities reflect the substantial changes in the value chain, from simple information transmission to content production and packaging, or providing online services and transactions. Liberalization and competition make the transmission and provision of information services a daily necessity, and turn them into commercial activities with low marginal cost and high capacity, thus changing the current market structure. Industrial integration makes the market change from monopoly competition to complete competition, and the economic efficiency is greatly improved.

The rapid development of technology in industrial integration makes the production process more advanced, the production process more reasonable, and the production management technology more scientific, enabling producers to produce more and better products at lower production costs, and at the same time adapt to the personalized, multi-variety and high-quality products that consumers need. When consumers get higher utility from the industrial development of industrial integration and producers get more profits from the industrial development of industrial integration, resources will be better allocated. Therefore, industrial integration and innovative development will help to optimize resource allocation and improve market performance.