Who built Twelve Stone Villages and Fenjiang Cao Lu?

Liang Jiutu is also Ai Liangru's nephew. He is Liang Yucheng's youngest son. When he grew up, Liang Yucheng was already a famous physician and wrote more than 20 volumes of prescriptions. Liang Jiutu grew up in a wealthy family with a strong cultural atmosphere.

Among Liang's uncles, Liang Jiutu is the most famous. When I was a child, I was a famous prodigy in Foshan. Liang Jiutu was brilliant since he was a child and loved reading. He was able to write poetry when he was 65,438+00 years old. He is famous for his poems, such as "A Picture of Guangdong and Taiwan" and "Qi Guo Xiang Juan Zao Yun".

Liang Jiutu, a well-read man, used to be the inspector of punishments, but later resigned because of leg disease. He is broad-minded and indifferent to fame and fortune, but he is addicted to reading, writing, painting and traveling.

After returning to his hometown, he bought the former site of Jishan Caotang, a poet in the early Qing Dynasty, and built his earliest private garden "Ziteng Pavilion" in Songgui. He has a deep friendship with famous poets in Qing Dynasty, such as Zhang Weiping, Huang Peifang, Wu Bingnan and Cen Can, and often gathers here to sing.

During the Daoguang period, Liang Jiutu traveled to Hengshan Mountain to make water, and sailed through Qingyuan, Guangdong Province when he returned to the south. He found 12 strange stone:

Its color is pure yellow, the big one is two feet high, and the small one is also a diameter ruler. Its shapes include peaks, ponds, waterfalls, steep cliffs and steep roads. ...

The yellow wax stone was originally produced in the real wax country, which was later Cambodia. This was extremely rare in the Qing Dynasty. When Liang Jiutu confirmed that the 12 yellow, uneven and crystal clear stone was pure yellow wax stone, he was ecstatic, and quickly transported the stone back to Foshan, stored it in the Seven-Star Rock Plate, and listed it in front of Ziteng Pavilion, becoming famous in one fell swoop.

The largest one is called "Thousand Cave", which is more than three feet high and the narrowest one is two feet wide. Liang Jiutu took his life as his own, not only named his study "Twelve Stone Mountain Villa", but even named himself "Twelve Stone Mountain Man". This 12 yellow wax stone has also become a treasure among many strange stones in Liangyuan.

He wrote a poem entitled "Named Twelve Stone Houses" to commemorate its prosperity:

Heng Yue's return didn't stop. Stones were stored in jars as cigarettes.

Climbing the waist and feet is harmful to people's health.

Since then, people have called his private garden "Twelve Shi Cun". Later, Liang Jiutu collected more and more strange stones, so he specially built the Qiushuangxuan Wrinkled Zhai Yun to display the strange stones collected from various places, such as yellow wax stone, Lingbi stone, painted pottery stone, wood fossil, Taihu stone and so on. Among them, Taihu stone, which is famous for its thinness, wrinkling, leakage and permeability, is the most famous.

Yellow wax stone is loved by rare stone collectors because of its excellent quality, color and shape. Jiutu and Jiuhua, Sipu, the son of Jiuhua, especially loved the yellow wax stone and sang praises to each other, leaving a story that "old brothers are obsessed with stone, uncles and uncles are obsessed with poetry".

In addition, during the Daoguang period, Liang Jiutu also built another private garden "Fenjiang Cao Lu" in Songgui, which was an elegant place for poets. Poets and poets "praise poetry wine and admire elegance" and call Liang Jiutu "Mr. Fenjiang".

Fenjiang Cao Lu is located next to Qunxing Caotang. The buildings in the park are Changyi Lake, Zhou Shi and Liting, all of which are built around lakes and marshes. However, its conceptual layout is different from the star hut, which is magnificent and shows another gardening style.

In front of Cao Lu Garden Group in Fenjiang River, there is a small stone arch bridge with exquisite design, which is the passage connecting Qunxing Caotang and Fenjiang Cao Lu. This bridge is called "Rhyme Bridge" because it concentrates the charm of the scenery around the bridge: the rhyme in the distance, the rhyme in the hall, the rhyme in the tripod, the rhyme under the eaves and the rhyme of flowing water.

According to legend, there used to be a private school not far from Qiao Yun. During recess, children's reading sounds came from a distance. On the bridge, there was the sound of playing the piano for three days. There is boiling tea beside the piano, and the tea rhyme is lingering. On rainy days, there is light rain under the eaves, and the water is gurgling under the bridge. All kinds of charms are concentrated on this bridge.

Ge Xuan is the Bamboo Pavilion and the entrance of the grassroots groups in Fenjiang River. The word "grid" means "bamboo", and there are bamboo bushes beside the porch, which shows the owner's pursuit of elegance. Why did the host name it Ge Xuan instead of Zhu Xuan?

It is said that Liang Jiutu was influenced by Yuan Mei, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty, whose poem "The Moon shines on the bamboo and makes a thousand words". Yuan Mei said that the bamboo shadow reflected in the moonlight is very similar to the word "one". In addition, he was also infected by Zheng Banqiao, one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province and a famous painter in the Qing Dynasty. He also said that "it is better to eat without meat, not to live without bamboo, and no meat makes people thin, and no bamboo makes people vulgar".

Chai Fei, made of bamboo and pine, is covered with Parthenocissus tricuspidata on both sides of the bamboo fence, showing a local flavor, which reflects the owner's pursuit of staying away from the hubbub and getting close to nature. The pavilion is surrounded by bamboo and the environment is quiet, which makes people relaxed and happy. Liang Jiutu himself is therefore quite proud to compose a poem:

Tie firewood for the door and spread willows on the shore.

Two streams cut off the road and one water leads to the embankment.

It can be seen that in the courtyard, you can enjoy the bamboo, lotus and willow on the water pine embankment, which reflects the pastoral charm of the water town deliberately created by the owner. Bamboo-framed pine bamboo hut covered with pine bark is very natural.

The application of water stone in Cao Lu Garden of Fenjiang River is unique: there are both common stacked stones and single stones; There is not only running water here, but also a lake. In the clear water, groups of goldfish and koi fish are floating and sinking, and the ripples on the lake are constant. This quiet and moving landscape is amazing.

On Changyi Lake, a strange stone nearly 7 meters high and weighing more than 14 tons stands in the lake. This stone is called "the stone in the lake", also called "the stone in the lake". Around the stone in the middle of the lake, white geese and mandarin ducks play in the water, and the artistic conception of "white hair floating green water, red palm clearing waves" can be fully realized.

The stone in the middle of the lake has the potential of a mountain peak, and the stone is exquisite and beautiful, and it is connected by folds. Looking along the shore, the scenery at every angle will change, and each side looks like a three-dimensional painting. For example, Hengshan has nine faces and different faces. People describe it as "like a cloud, with lines swaying more than waves", so it is called "Spring Peak".

Legend has it that this stone in the middle of the lake was discovered by Liang Jiutu when he traveled to Fulu Peak in Jiujiang, Jiangxi. At that time, the stone was only a few feet in the soil. Liang Jiutu hired more than 30 people, and it took six days to dig through the boulder before showing the whole picture. Later, he raised 50 people before carrying them to the foot of the mountain and finally transporting them to Foshan.

On the lakeside of Changyi Lake, not far from the stone, there is a beautiful Xiao Xuan called "Zhou Shi", which is about seven or eight meters long and is designed for viewing the stone in the middle of the lake. The turtle and snake in front of the boat are called Xuanwu, which means longevity and good luck.

Zhou Shi is like a boat in a purple cave. The waves meet Huajin, and the road forces the dock. There is a rhyme bridge in the west of the pavilion, and if the rainbow hangs on the mirror. There are several clusters of plantains and some stones in the north of the bridge. Talking about poetry and painting under the banana will make you happy and cultivate your soul, just like entering a paradise, and you will forget all the insults.

Liang Jiutu was a socialite, philanthropist and poet in Daoxian period of Qing Dynasty. Liang Jiutu's poems are magnificent and unique, which can reflect his personality. He is the author of Twelve Poems of Shizhai, Poems of Ridge Table, Vineyard Pavilion, Essays on Fenjiang River, Records of Foshan, Lingnan Notes, etc.

In addition to poetry, Liang Jiu is a master at drawing orchids. His two paintings "Moran" and "Moran Vertical Axis" and more than 10 paintings were later collected by major museums.

His works have always been very popular with people. At that time, even a small piece of his calligraphy and painting was treasured as jade.

Liang Jiutu created Liang's two famous gardens, which are known as "stone idiots". It is also because he is a literary genius with rich creation, and he built a large-scale garden "Fenjiang Cao Lu", and people respectfully call him "Mr. Fenjiang".

Foshan Liangyuan was built from 1796 to about 1850. It took more than 50 years for Liang Airu, Liang Jiuzhang, Liang Jiuhua and Liang Jiutu to build and improve it repeatedly.

After the completion of Foshan Liangyuan, it is composed of twelve stone villages, Fenjiang Cao Lu, Qunxing Caotang and Hanxiang Pavilion. Its main body is located in Xianfeng Ancient Road, Song Feng Road, Foshan, and the rest are located in Song Feng Road and Songgui Lane, Shengping Road, Li Xian. People call it Foshan Liangyuan.

In the Qing Dynasty, Foshan Liangyuan, Shunde Qinghui Garden, Dongguan Keyuan Garden and Panyu Yuyin Mountain House were called "Four Famous Gardens in Guangdong", which was the masterpiece of Lingnan Gardens. Its fame spreads far and wide in Beijing and Jiangnan. Among the four famous gardens in Lingnan, the stone scenery of Liangyuan is the most praised for its diverse forms and uniqueness.

The gardening features of Liangyuan are ingeniously combined with water, stones, courtyards, flowers and trees, and various buildings. It pursues elegant and natural artistic conception of poetry and painting and is unique in Lingnan gardens.

The stone culture of Liangyuan is unique in other gardens. Liang Jiutu bought twelve yellow wax stones because "climbing mountains is unhealthy". "The stone in the pot is a smoke temple, but there is no rockery in the real mountain."

The owners of Studio 12, Qunxing Caotang and Han Xiang Pavilion especially like to use natural peaks and rocks for landscaping. By using different combinations, the unique gardens in Lingnan, such as Pingting, Shanting, Shuiting, Shi Ting and Shuishi Pavilion, are constantly changing, which embodies the superb gardening art of the master.

The climate in Guangdong is rainy and humid. In order to achieve the purpose of durability, the front hall, beams, columns, lintels and window frames of residential buildings are all made of stone, which can not only play a waterproof role in rainy season, but also prevent fire. In particular, it can prevent termites from eating. A large number of stones are used in buildings, and even paving materials are used in gardens, which constitutes another feature of Lingnan gardens.

The ancient people in China loved strange stones, which reflected the aesthetic concept of advocating nature. The ancients believed that strange stones were the product of the unity of man and nature. It is changeable and lifelike, and its beauty lies in nature. Strange stones are like silent poems, three-dimensional pictures and silent music.

According to legend, the ancients began to apply stones to the decorative art of gardens long ago, embellishing the environment with stones, and divided strange stones into different types according to their origin, such as Taihu Stone in Jiangsu, Lingbi Stone in Anhui, Yingde Stone in Guangdong and so on. , are excellent materials for landscaping and stacking stones.

There are more than 400 strange stones in Liangyuan, which has the reputation of "more stones than books". Among them, the most attractive thatched cottage in Starlight Glimmer is the "Stone Court". It pays attention to molding with one stone and is unique in Lingnan private gardens. The owner of Liangyuan highlighted the individual characteristics by sorting out the solitary stones, and expressed his pursuit of human personality and free personality in the world in Pot.

The mountains in Liangyuan are not "piled up", but are consistent with the simple style of the whole garden. They do not seek grandeur, but seek the charm of stone, and show the wonders of mountains and rivers with small generations.

The method of replacing "overlapping mountains" with stone mountains abandons the backlog of stones, omits the contrast of stone texture and shape, and can express different thoughts and feelings more flexibly and freely.

Liangyuan pays more attention to artistic conception. In layout, the whole Liangyuan is a trinity. Many groups in Liangyuan are organically combined by houses, ancestral halls and gardens, forming a combination of gardens, houses and ancestral halls in different time and space, such as Twelve Cave, Lengxiangtang and Qunxing Caotang in Song Guilin.

There are all kinds of garden buildings in Liangyuan with local characteristics. Liangyuan has pavilions, terraces, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, halls and pavilions. All kinds of buildings learn from others and pay attention to the folk craft characteristics of Lingnan water town. Grey plastic, brick carving, wood carving and stone carving are all available.

In addition to traditional techniques, the owners also applied western decoration to traditional gardens. For example, the boat hall of the Star-studded Cottage uses clear windows and diamond-shaped stone steps, all created by the owner himself.

In addition, Liangyuan also has a collection of calligraphy and calligraphy posts of many famous artists in past dynasties. Xiushui, strange stones and famous posts can be called the "three treasures" of Liangyuan.