Teaching plan of ancient cultural common sense in college entrance examination

1. High school history and culture knowledge

Compulsory examination 1 1. The first emperor in the history of China was Qin Shihuang.

2. The first unequal treaty in China's modern history was the treaty of nanking. 3. In the modern history of China, the first spontaneous large-scale struggle of China people against foreign aggression was the resistance of Sanyuanli people against Britain.

4. The first great victory since the Anti-Japanese War was a great victory in Pingxing Pass. The biggest victory since the Anti-Japanese War was the Battle of Taierzhuang.

6. It was War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression who won China's first complete victory against imperialist aggression. 7. The first bourgeois revolutionary party alliance in modern China.

8. The first bourgeois constitution in China was the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. 9. The first comprehensive anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution in modern China was the Revolution of 1911.

10, China's first thoroughly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program in modern times was formulated by the Second Congress. 1 1, China * * * for the first time, it was the Zunyi meeting that independently applied Marxist principles to solve its own line, principles and policies and properly handled the long-standing contradictions and differences within the party.

12. the first socialist constitution of new China is 1954 People's Republic of China (PRC) constitution. 13, the concept of "one country, two systems" was successfully applied to solve the problem of Taiwan Province Province for the first time.

14 and "five principles of peace * * *" were first put forward by Zhou Enlai when he met with the Indian delegation in 1953. 15, the Geneva conference is the first important international conference attended by New China as five countries in the world.

16, the first Asian-African international conference without colonial countries was the Asian-African Bandung Conference. 17, the first written law in Rome with rules to follow was the Law of Twelve Copper Tables.

18. The first written constitution in the world is the federal constitution of 1787. The first president of the United States was Washington.

20. Marx pointed out for the first time that the proletariat is the force to realize the socialist revolution and complete human liberation. Criticism of Hegel's Philosophy of Right was published in 1844. 2 1, the first battle platform of the international workers' movement is the * * * 22 declaration. After the victory of the October Revolution, the world's first Soviet of workers and peasants headed by Lenin was established, and the world's first socialist country was established.

23. The first summit meeting of non-aligned countries and * * * was held in 196 1. It was Britain that became the largest colonial empire in the world.

2. The industrial revolution first happened in Britain, and it started in the cotton textile industry. 3. 1866, Siemens invented the world's first high-power generator, marking the beginning of the second industrial revolution.

4. The first central power plant was new york Pearl Street Power Plant established by Edison in 1882. 5. The first step to build a unified European currency is Werner Plan.

6. The world's first free trade zone composed of developed and developing countries is APEC. 7. The first informal meeting of APEC leaders was held in Seattle, USA from 65438 to 0993.

Compulsory 3 1. It was Confucius who initiated the ancient private schools in China. For the first time in the history of China, the national school that trained political management talents was imperial academy. 2. The founders of Confucianism and Mohism are Confucius and Mozi respectively, and Han Feizi, the master of Legalism.

3. The first relatively complete code in ancient China was the Classic of Law written by Li Kui. 4. In four great inventions of ancient china, paper has the longest influence on the development of civilization and social progress, and its positive effect is the most significant.

Up to now, the earliest printed matter with exact date in the world is Diamond Sutra. The biggest book printed with copper movable type is the integration of ancient and modern books.

6. "Book Sage" refers to Wang Xizhi, and "Poet Sage" refers to Du Fu. 7. China's oldest collection of poems is The Book of Songs.

8. Lin Zexu was the first person in modern China who opened his eyes to see the world. 9. China's first systematic world geography in modern times was The History of the Four Kingdoms.

10. At that time, the most detailed book on world history and geography compiled by China people was Atlas of Sea Countries. 1 1, China took the first step to learn from the west in modern times, that is, "learning from foreigners to control foreigners".

12. It was Liang Qichao who introduced Marx earlier in China. 13 and 1958 completed the first experimental atomic energy reactor in China, marking the beginning of the atomic energy era in China.

1964 China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully. 1965 China synthesized bovine insulin for the first time in the world.

1967 China successfully exploded the first hydrogen bomb. 1970, China's first artificial satellite was successfully launched into the scheduled orbit by the self-made Long March 1 carrier rocket.

1984 China successfully launched its first experimental communication satellite, followed by its first practical communication satellite. 14, 1988 September, * * * clearly put forward the assertion that "science and technology are the primary productive forces" for the first time.

15. The first astronaut in China's space history was Yang Liwei. 16, the first theoretical synthesis in the history of human understanding of nature was completed. Completed the task of gene sequencing and the sequence diagram of rice gene working framework.

17 and 1946, the United States developed the first electronic computer. 18 Byron's most representative, combative and brilliant work is the long poem Don Juan.

19, Beethoven created romantic music. Beethoven's most brilliant and influential work is his heroic symphony.

2 1. Chorus is the earliest symphony in the history of music. Beethoven's chorus symphony is "the greatest masterpiece in the history of music literature". 22. The founder of French critical realism literature is Stendhal.

The first literary work that criticized realism was Red and Black. Lev tolstoy's three most important novels are anna karenine, Resurrection and War and Peace.

One of his most perfect novels in art is anna karenine. 24. Tchaikovsky is the greatest musician in Russian National Conservatory of Music.

25. The most famous representative of post-impressionist painting is Van Gogh. 26. The first Nobel Prize in Literature winner in Asia was Tagore.

27. The first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China was Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman published in 19 18. 28.1895 65438+On February 28th, the Lumiere brothers of France screened the first human body film in Paris.

2. How do high schools accumulate the common sense of China ancient culture?

The general direction of cultural common sense is the accumulation and mastery of traditional culture.

The 20 17 version of the new curriculum standard also mentions "traditional culture" and "cultural common sense" many times, requiring "to understand the common sense of ancient China culture, enrich the accumulation of traditional culture, absorb the nutrition of thought, emotion and art, cultivate healthy and noble aesthetic taste, and enrich and deepen the understanding of history, society and life." Corresponding to the exam, it is mainly a three-point multiple-choice question for reading classical Chinese.

Memorizing cultural common sense should be done in normal times, and it is not recommended to recite it with a list of cultural common sense. Of course, this is also a way. What the individual advocates in teaching is the accumulation in classical Chinese reading practice, with 4 questions per question, which should be included in the scope of mastery. At the same time, every cultural common sense can radiate other knowledge points. In this regard, I strongly recommend a book by Mr. Wang Li, Common Sense of Ancient Culture, which is authoritative and accurate, with a wide range of contents and can accumulate a lot. It is also very interesting to know the origin of some traditional cultures.

3. How to test traditional culture in the college entrance examination for cultural common sense

1. Traditional culture has become a popular test center for senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination. Then, in what form will the test questions be examined? What will be the focus of the exam?

2. Select the relevant test questions of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, from which we can find that the traditional culture test questions of the senior high school entrance examination have the following rules:

3. Compared with the college entrance examination, the form of the senior high school entrance examination is more flexible, with both objective multiple-choice questions and subjective application questions;

4. The content involved is relatively simple, mostly related to the classical Chinese in textbooks, or basic cultural common sense;

5. The key contents of the examination: ancient names and brands, ancient timing methods, imperial examinations and official positions, etiquette system, literary common sense, etc. Different from the college entrance examination, because the senior high school entrance examination is a local proposition, it often examines local cultural common sense;

6. Examination form: based on the reading materials of classical Chinese, the examination is conducted in the form of multiple-choice questions.

7. Focus: From the text of the exam, but most of them are related to the classical Chinese content of the textbook design. Even if there are some new words, you can answer them as long as you have the basic knowledge of ancient culture. Usually, we should pay close attention to the content of classical Chinese annotations in textbooks.

8. Exam content: ancient names and brands, ancient timing methods, imperial examinations and official positions, etiquette system, classical knowledge of Chinese studies, allusions, literary common sense, etc.

4. How does the college entrance examination language archaeological cultural common sense?

China ancient culture common sense summary of the college entrance examination, hoping to help everyone!

First of all, this person's title

There are roughly three situations of calling people by their first names: (1) claiming their first names or calling them by their first names. Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems". (2) for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou". (3) people who are disgusted and despised. For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter".

The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names. Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping was Qu Yuan, Sima Qian was Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming was Tao Liangyuan, Li Bai was Li Taibai, Du Fu was Du Zimei, Han Yu was Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan was Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu was Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang was.

Book names are also called alias numbers and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself. Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. Such as: Tao Qian No.5.

In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong. Calling Qin Gui a traitor is a kind of "evil death".

Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai is called Mr. Bao and Mr. Bao because of his name. Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the icehouse, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (his fasting name is Zhuangfei Building).

According to legend, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he is called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren." The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu.

Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli. For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County.

It is called "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, so it is called because he was once awarded the position of General Qiu Lu. In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his troops wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his troops to make a bright future". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou. It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su.

The title of "training frugality to show health" is "the luxury crown in recent years", the title of Kou Zhun is Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong is a provincial title. Meihualing and He Qin

Official land refers to the place name of official land. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "What does Yuzhou want now?" Because Liu Bei used to be the secretariat of Yuzhou, he called it an official place. Another example is Jia Yi, who was once dismissed as Teacher Wang of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world. Kong Rong, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", was once a Beihai phase, known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world. Luo was once the magistrate of Linhai County, and was known as Luo Linhai in the world. Cen Can used to be a secretariat, known as CenJiaZhou; Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in history; Liu Zongyuan used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou in the world; Jia Dao used to be the master book of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang in the world, and his poetry collection was called Changjiang Collection.

Also known as "You Bao Chan" and "Simin Luling".

Modesty (1) expresses a modest attitude and is used to claim. Fool, modestly calling himself not smart. Despicable and modest, claiming to have little knowledge. We humbly call ourselves or our things bad. Humble, call yourself humble. Stealing means privately, privately, and it often means bold and abrupt when used. I humbly declare that I am not as tall as the other person. Servant, humbly calling himself the servant of the other party, uses it to mean serving the other party.

5. The accumulation of important ancient cultural common sense in the history of college entrance examination, such as Yin-Yang and Five Elements, heavenly stems and earthly branches, etc.

This belongs to the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and belongs to the astronomical calendar, because in ancient times, the branch-by-branch memorial method was used, and of course it is still used now. The zodiac is the correspondence of the twelve branches.

(It's a pity that many villains in modern times cheat people with this fortune telling. ) The Five Elements is China's ancient material view. Mostly used in philosophy, Chinese medicine and divination.

The five elements refer to: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. It is believed that nature is composed of five elements, and with the rise and fall of these five elements, nature changes, which not only affects people's fate, but also makes everything in the universe circulate endlessly.

According to the theory of five elements, everything in the universe is composed of the movement and change of five basic substances: wood, fire, earth, gold and water. It emphasizes the whole concept and describes the structural relationship and movement form of things.

If Yin and Yang are an ancient theory of unity of opposites, the five elements can be said to be a primitive general system theory. What are the five elements recorded in China's ancient philosophy? The five elements are the basic elements of everything in the universe. They are gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and they are related.

Five elements coexist: Jinshui, aquatic wood, Muhuo, Huotu and Primary Gold. The five elements coexist: Jin Kemu, Muketu, Tuke water, water, fire and fire, and gold.

The attributes of the five elements-wood, fire, earth, gold and water are as follows: gorgeous wood and elegant personality. Wood stands for benevolence, meaning love and good deeds.

Impatience and self-esteem The representative ceremony of fire is to be modest and prudent, to respect, and not to bully the weak and be afraid of the hard.

Earth-gentle and honest temperament, but confidence in an earthy letter means honesty, gentleness and sincerity.

Kim-strong-willed, self-respecting and self-respecting. Gold stands for righteousness, that is, advocating good and abandoning evil, and everything is reasonable.

Water people are smart and can guess things. Wateriness represents wisdom, that is, careful observation of things, precursor prediction of anything, and good at business tactics.

It can also be said that benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are the five permanent members. The five elements of traditional Chinese medicine interact with each other, showing the five internal organs: wood is the liver; Fire is the heart; Soil is spleen; Gold is the lung; Water is the kidney.

Five colors: wood represents cyan; Fire represents red; Earth represents yellow; Gold represents white; Water represents black. The five elements are born, born, born, born, born, born, born. The five elements are' mutual birth' and' mutual birth'.

"Five elements are born together" refers to common prosperity, and common prosperity refers to generations and education, and "five elements resist, fight and balance each other". According to the cosmic magnetic field, it used to be a piece of Wang Yang sea (water). Plants (wood) were born in the ocean, and then land (soil) was gradually formed under the irradiation of the sun (fire). Iron minerals (gold) were found on land, and then iron was extracted from iron ore to make water jars.

This is the natural aquatic wood → wood fire → fire born soil → natural gold → gold born water. Trees (trees) must be planted on bare land, and the soil will not be lost when heavy rain comes. When heavy rain will cause floods, it is necessary to build a wall with soil to defend the home (water). In ancient times, a large water tank was placed in front of the house to prepare water in case of fire when it rained. In order to defend our homeland and cook at home, we need knives, guns and axes, so we need to extract stubborn iron (gold).

After the creation of the universe, there must be checks and balances, although there are mutual influences. For example, water will make trees grow, soil will be lost, and wood will destroy soil according to the principle of' Mutuke', which is the state of natural circulation. Heavenly stems and earthly branches, referred to as "dry branch".

In the ancient calendar of China, A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui were called "ten heavenly stems", while Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai were called "twelve earthly branches". Ten branches and twelve branches are matched in turn to form sixty basic units, and they cooperate with each other in a fixed order to form branches and branches.

Judging from the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, in ancient China, the trunk and branch were mainly used to record the days, as well as the months, years and hours. Heavenly stems and earthly branches heavenly stems and earthly branches was born in the Han Dynasty. It takes beginning of spring as the beginning of the year, not the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches and heavenly stems and earthly branches are called "main branches" for short. According to etymology, the meaning of "trunk" is taken from the "trunk" of trees.

Ten-day stems: A (ji ǐ), B (yǐ), C (bǐng), D(Dǐng), E (w ǐ), J (jǐ), G (gēng), Xin(xěn). Twelve earthly branches: Zi (zǐ), chou (Chou), Yin (yín), Mao (m ǐ o), Chen (chén), Si (s), Wu (), Wei (wèi) and Shen (shēn). Ugly: cattle; Yin: tiger; Thumb: rabbit; Chen: Dragon; Rudder: snake; Afternoon: horse; No: sheep; Shen: Monkey; Hey: chicken; Hey: dog; H: pigs. )。

As early as 2697 BC, Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of China, established the People's Republic of China (PRC), and he was ordered to explore the spirit of heaven and earth and the five elements (fire, water and earth in Jin Mu), which originated from A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Ke, Xin, Ren and Gui, as well as Zi (zǐ), Ugly (chǐu) and Zi (ch ǐ u). According to the records in Five Elements of Justice, the main branches and branches were created after great efforts.

Big scraping "takes the five elements of love and builds it with a bucket machine." Party A and Party B use the name of the day as the basis, and the name of the month as the basis. There is something in the sky that uses the sky, and there is something in the ground that uses the moon.

Yin and Yang are different, so it is a famous branch. Heavenly stems and earthly branches: In the China calendar, the time for the moon to orbit the earth once (29.5306 days) is January, and the time for the earth to orbit the sun once (365.438+09 days) is one year. In order to make the average number of days in a year consistent with the number of days in the Tropic of Capricorn, a leap month was set up.

According to records, in the 6th century BC, China began to coordinate the lunar calendar with the solar calendar by the method of 19. Heavenly stems and earthly branches is a symbol designed by the ancients to facilitate the 60-digit system when building calendars.

For ancient China people, the existence of heavenly stems and earthly branches was as simple as a number.

6. Ancient culture common sense college entrance examination ancestral hall

A ancestral temple/shrine of a ruling family

A probe into the meaning of words

(1) refers to the places set up by ancient emperors, governors or doctors and scholars to worship their ancestors in order to maintain the patriarchal clan system. Yizhen: "If you go out, you can keep the ancestral temple." Uncle Kong: "If you leave, your eldest son will stay in the ancestral hall." According to later generations, from the doctor down, it is called home temple. 2 the name of the royal family. "Han Huo Guang Biography": "Yi Yin fell in love and abandoned Taijia to build a ancestral temple."

Basic explanation

1. The special house for emperors or vassals to worship their ancestors is a temple. -"Warring States Policy Qi Ce IV" 2. The ancestral temple of the late king. 3. Establish an ancestral temple in Xue. The imperial power country is called the ancestral temple country. -Qing Zhou Rong's Ancestral Temple in The Old Man's Story. -"Advanced Analects" 5. The ancestral hall will have a meeting.

detailed description

1. Ancient temples where emperors and princes sacrificed their ancestors. "On Mandarin Lu": "The husband's ancestral temple is full of Zhao Mu, who is the eldest and youngest in the next life, but waiting for relatives and friends of Zhou." "Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi": "Today, Qin attacked Wei, Wei was anxious, and the son did not pity, so that Qin broke the beam and destroyed the first king's shrine. How does a son stand on the world? " Tang Hanyu's Theory of Appreciating Thieves: "Your Majesty is brave and martial, the king of the Tang Dynasty, the god of the ancestral temple, supplemented by * * *." Ye En's Book of the Northern Town: "In the Sino-Japanese War, the mausoleum was at the foot of the military horse; In the chaos of Gengzi, the ancestral hall turned over the five-color flag. " 2. The names of the imperial court and state power. Mozi Undestiny: "Ignoring the politics of other people, it is complicated and useless, violently resisting the people, and thus losing the ancestral temple." "The Biography of Fu Zhan in the Later Han Dynasty": "Foolish Wang Mang killed the emperor and stole the throne. The imperial clan raised soldiers, except for chaos and arrogance, so it was decided to set up the Holy Princess Temple. " Wang Song Anshi's Book of the Emperor's Words: "Doctors, ministers and officials today don't want your majesty to think about it for a long time, so I will secretly confuse them." "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" the second time: "Han officials command the forbidden province, Han family story. The first emperor abandoned the world, and I want to kill the old minister, not to respect my ancestors. "

7. What should I do if I accidentally pass Common Sense of Ancient Culture?

Summary of common cultural knowledge in Chinese examination papers of college entrance examination;

1. Four books: The University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.

2. Five Classics: Historical Records, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu.

3. "Four History": Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms.

4. "Four Treasures": Classics, History, Zi and Ji.

5. Six meanings of the Book of Songs: phoenix, elegance, ode, fu, comparison and xing.

6. Six Arts: Also known as the Six Classics, namely, ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and counting.

7. "Three Dynasties": Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty

8. "Huang San": One of the legends is "Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong".

9. "Five Emperors": According to historical records, they are the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun.

10. "Three Mountains": According to legend, the mountains where immortals live are Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou.

1 1. "Wuyue" refers to Mount Tai in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Hengshan in Nanyue, Hengshan in Beiyue and Songshan in Zhongyue.

12. "Kyushu": the legendary administrative division of ancient China, which later became another name of China.

13. Chixian: The ancients called China "Chixian Shenzhou".

14. Inland: According to ancient legends, the territory of China is surrounded by the sea, so it is called inland.

15. Four seas: refers to the world and the whole country.

16. "Liuhe" and "Eight Wastes": both refer to the world.

17. Rivers: Ancient articles specifically refer to "Yangtze River and Yellow River".

18. Three Kingdoms: It refers to Wei, Shu and Wu after the Eastern Han Dynasty.

19. Sanqin: refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan.

20. Landscape Yin and Yang: In ancient times, the south of the mountain was Yang, and the north of the mountain was Yang.

2 1. Ancient nickname: Nanjing (Jiankang, Jinling, Jiangning, Baixia)

22. Five elements: refers to gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

23. Grains: the general term for ancient food crops. (that is, millet, millet, wheat, rice, rice)

24. Five flavors: sour, salty, sweet, bitter and spicy.

25. Six livestock: Six kinds of livestock: horses, cows, sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens.

26. Four Treasures of the Study: Pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

27. Four friends of literati: chess, calligraphy and painting.

28. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

29. Three friends in the cold year: pine, bamboo and plum.

30. Six Books: Pictograph, Knowledge, Finger, Mystery, Annotation and Borrowing.

3 1. The "three yuan" in the joint examination: whoever comes first in the provincial examination, the public examination and the palace examination is the joint examination.

32. Xie Yuan, Huiyuan, champion.

33. pentatonic scale: five tones. Also known as "pentatonic scale", that is, the palace, business, angle, sign (finger) and feather in my ancient pentatonic scale.

34. Four folk stories: Liang Zhu, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Legend of White Snake,

35. Meng Jiangnv

36. Three old people: ancient township officials in charge of education.

37. and: refers to the selection in the imperial examination, and failing the examination is called the first and second place.

38. Delivery test: also called "delivery test". Including county examination, government examination and hospital examination. After passing the college entrance examination, you can enter the prefecture and county to study, so it is also called the entrance examination. Candidates, big or small, are called Tong Sheng.

39. Imperial Examination: The official imperial examination is divided into three grades: after having obtained the provincial examination, the senior high school entrance examination and palace examination.

40. The rural examination is held every three years in this province, and only scholars are eligible to take the juren examination. The first solution.

4 1. Examination: It will be held in the spring of the second year after the township entrance examination in Beijing (called Chunwei or Liwei). The person who takes the exam must be a juren and be called Gong Shi in the exam. The first name is Huiyuan.

42. Palace test: presided over by the emperor, the palace test is eligible to participate, and it is called Jinshi in the exam. The first is the champion, the second is the second, and the third is the flower exploration. Together, they are called the top three ding.

43. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1905), the imperial examination system was abolished due to the implementation of school education in various places.

44. Erya: the earliest monograph on the interpretation of Ci in China and the first systematic dictionary of Ci in the world.

45. "Elegant style" refers to the national style in The Book of Songs and Li Sao in Chu Ci, which is often used instead of literary talent.

46. The Book of Songs: It is the earliest poem in China, with a total of ***305 poems, divided by musical nature.

47. "Phoenix, elegance and praise" are three categories.

48. Sudden nod: an ancient ritual ceremony, one of the "Nine Worship". Commonly known as kowtow.

49. kotow: ancient sacrificial ceremonies. As one of the "Nine Worship", it is a great gift.

50. Kneeling posture: In ancient times, two knees landed, hunched and erect, and the buttocks did not touch the heel.