How can I learn sketch well?

1: What is drawing (sketching)? It is called sketch, in which charcoal, pencil, pen and so on. Used to draw monochrome images of light and dark objects with lines. Monochrome watercolors and monochromatic oil paintings can also be counted as sketches; China's traditional line drawing and ink painting can also be called sketch. Generally speaking, sketch diversification refers to pencil drawing and charcoal drawing. Sketch is the basis of all painting, and it is a stage that must be passed in learning painting art. Sketch usually uses methods that can leave traces on the plane, such as crayons, charcoal pens, pens, brushes, ink and paper. , and other wear caused by wet clay, ink-stained cloth, metal, stone tools, containers or cloth surfaces. Outlines and lines are general terms for sketches. Sketch has a feeling of natural law. Different strokes create different lines, intersecting relationships and rhythms, active and passive surroundings, planes, volumes, tones and textures. Sketch is a formal artistic creation, which uses monochrome lines to express things in the intuitive world, as well as ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols and even abstract forms. It does not pay attention to the whole and color like color painting, but to the structure and form. 2. Tools for sketching There are many tools for sketching, such as pencil, charcoal pen, iron pen, chalk, brush, pencil and pen. There are also paintings of diamonds and diamonds. Different tools are related to the nature and composition of sketch, and tools will also affect the painter's mood and skills. The choice of tools depends on the artistic effect that the painter wants to achieve. Generally speaking, dry pen is suitable for making clear lines, and ink pen is suitable for expressing planes; Exquisite strokes can be brushed with a brush, and vast fields can be outlined with a pencil or chalk. Charcoal pen can be used for both. From the size of the work, large-scale sketch works are suitable for drawing with charcoal pen, and the outline and carefulness can be carefully studied and analyzed for a long time. As for pencils, they are suitable for smaller sizes. There are few large pencils, while pen-and-ink drawings are even smaller, and they are often used for illustrations. The monochrome performance of sketch makes the tool very random, and it can often be used comprehensively to create a variety of picture effects, so it is a very broad world. (1) Pencil Pencil is the simplest and most convenient tool. Beginners often start sketching with pencils. The main reason is that the pencil can be very accurate and clear in line modeling, can be modified at will, and can be used to engrave depth and details, which is due to strict physical requirements and in-depth and repeated research. At the same time, there are many kinds of pencils, hard, soft, deep and light, which can draw more colors. The color of the pencil is also convenient to show many silver-gray levels in the tone, which is effective for basic training operations such as plaster and easy for beginners to master. So it is more suitable for the initial application of basic training. The existing domestic pencils are divided into two types, with HB as the center line and B to 6B from soft to dark. In order to better meet the needs of painting, we added 7B-8B, which we call drawing pencils. HB has developed from h to 6H, which is mostly used in precision design and other majors. Because there are many kinds of pencils, they can show rich shades. (2) Charcoal pens: Charcoal pens should not be brittle or hard, carbon rods should be thoroughly burned, black pens should be soft, and carbon rods should be soft without sand to be top grade. (3) Pens: including all fountain pens with hard tips. You can also draw with strokes used in daily writing. Generally, with a little treatment, bend the nib inward about 30 degrees with small pliers, so that the forward writing is fine and smooth, and the thickness of the reverse writing can be controlled freely. (4) Paper: white, thick, clean paper with paper grain. Pencil drawing paper should not be too thick, charcoal drawing paper should not be too smooth, and pen drawing paper should have a smoother paper surface and a certain degree of water absorption. (5) Sketchpad: Smooth and seamless splint is the best. If you draw standing, you should also prepare an easel. (6) Rubber: Flat and soft square rubber is preferred. (7) Tools such as pencil sharpener, thumbtack and rag shall be reserved. 3. Sketch theme (1): Sketch with portrait and landscape as the theme was originally for painting, sculpture and other arts, and later developed into an independent art because of its fluency, richness and beauty. Its subject matter can be taken from anything, unconstrained. Generally, portraits and landscapes are the mainstay, while western sketches are often figures and still lives. (2): Sketch of daily life, abstract sketch, and artistic architecture. Sketch with the theme of daily life appeared in19th century. Others include imagination and abstract sketch, artistic architecture sketch and so on. (3): Cubism, Expressionism and Surrealism Sketch The sketch of the 20th century seems to reflect uneasiness, turbulence and scientific progress. Some of them are characterized by thick lines. Other painters try to integrate life into geometric figures (cubism). There are various schools of X-ray technology in the 20th century, that is, seeing the outside and the inside at the same time. Expressionist painters pursue "expressing the feelings of a scene rather than describing the real face of things", while surrealist painters focus on expressing subconscious psychology. (4): Practical technical sketch Practical sketch should clearly record an objective thing. Generally speaking, it does not emphasize aesthetics, but emphasizes technical design. Practical sketches include illustrations and explanations for scientific purposes. Many artists have drawn sketches of scientific explanations. Sketch illustrations in literary works generally describe a paragraph, but they still enjoy a high artistic reputation because they show the painter's unique brushwork style. Related to this is the cartoon, an imaginary picture created for social criticism. From this, it developed into a cartoon, and then evolved into a modern cartoon. 4. Sketch techniques and types (1) Lines and line techniques The elements of sketch are lines, but lines do not exist in essence. They only represent the boundaries of objects, colors and planes as the illusion of objects. Until modern times, lines were considered as spontaneous formal elements, independent of the depicted objects. (2) Sketching the image of an object with lines is to form the image of an object with lines and draw it on a plane, which will arouse the association of the viewer through the form of lines. For example, the angle formed by the intersection of two straight lines can be considered as the boundary of a plane; In addition, adding a third line can create a three-dimensional effect on the screen. Curved lines can symbolize the vault, and intersecting lines can express the depth. People can get an understandable image from the change of lines. Therefore, through the means of lines, simple outlines can be developed into exquisite sketches. (3) Use lines to distinguish between solids and planes. In sketch, lines can be used to distinguish between solids and planes. As for color shading, it is to strengthen and distinguish the relationship between the whole and the part. We can draw the boundary with the beginning, disappearance and interruption of lines to form a plane, or we can let the colors reach the boundary. The thickness of lines can show the changes of objects, and even light and shadow can be shown through the changes of strokes of lines. (4) The auxiliary of plane technique The line technique of sketch also needs the auxiliary of plane technique. When charcoal chalk is used in plane technology, brush wiping can be used in contrast between light and shade. (5) The application of brush painting is more important, because brush can exert the width and strength of strokes, and can increase the sense of space and three-dimensionality. (6) Enhance artistic sketch: Multicolor brushes can also be used as basic materials to enhance the sketch effect and artistic quality. 5. Understand the light and shade in the sketch (1): The reason of light and shade: there are light sources (whether natural or artificial), and there is a saying of light and shade; (2): Basic law of light and shade: the direct light source (facing the light) is the bright part. Where the light source cannot shine (backlight) is the dark part. The reflected light forms a gray part in the middle. 6. Method of expressing light and shade with pencil: (1). When a pencil draws vertically with its nib, the lines drawn are clear and firm; When the pencil is tilted to draw with a pointed abdomen, the strokes and lines are vague and weak. (2) Arrange the direction of brush strokes to avoid confusion. 7. Precautions for using eraser in pencil drawing: (1). When a novice always feels dissatisfied with his brush, he immediately uses an eraser, and then erases it if he makes a mistake the second time. This is the worst habit. A piece of paper that is easy to hurt will leave a scar on the paper, and then it will become more and more uncertain when drawing, so try to avoid it. (2) When you make a mistake in the first stroke, you can try to draw the second stroke, so that there is a standard when drawing, which is easy to correct. After all the shades are drawn, gently erase the unused pencil lines with an eraser, so that the whole picture will be much clearer and more lovely. (3). In fact, many useless line marks in the picture are generally covered by dark parts in the end, so we just need to erase the exposed parts, which is also more labor-saving. At the same time, the unused line marks often become the foil of the main body invisibly, so if we don't erase them, it will be harmless to the picture, and sometimes we will get invisible effects, which we must pay attention to. 8. The performance of the guests and the host in the picture: (1). Everything in front and nearby should be firm and clear; Everything behind and far away should be faint and vague. (2) The subject should be clear and obvious, and the subordinate objects should set off the subject. 9. Sketch modeling ability The general requirements of the standard sketch method are: (1) accurate proportional structure. (2) The image expression is general and concrete, so as to prevent conceptualization and stylization. (3) The lines are vivid and vivid. Specifically, there are the following three aspects: A: Sketch ability is the basic ability, including copying ability, and it is also the main way of sketch training. B: the ability of dictation, which is the embodiment of the ability of image memory. C: The ability to create an image should not only have a solid foundation of modeling ability, but also have rich associative ability, so as to reach a higher level of plastic arts. 10: Learning sketch is regarded as the only way to enter the art gate, because this kind of training covers almost all the basic fields of art, and the objects of sketch are space, shape, volume, structure, light and shadow, etc. The first step of sketch training is often to sketch a human hand from a still life. Through this kind of training, we can understand all forms of diversity in the surrounding reality. The normal teaching of sketch often begins with geometric plaster form, because geometric form is the basic element of all complex forms. Sketch training of gypsum sculpture is a compulsory course in many art colleges, because it has the characteristics of monosyllabic and static, which is convenient for students to learn modeling better from observation. The sketch of plaster statues enables students to study the human body with the precision that they can't achieve when drawing character models. Mastering the sketch of gypsum geometry is the premise of expressing the laws of other complex shapes. Gypsum not only helps students to deal with living models better and more easily in the study of proportion and relationship, but also reflects the general shape. Gypsum is an artistic image refined by artists, which makes students consciously breathe artistic atmosphere while completing their homework, which is a subtle improvement of students' aesthetic consciousness. After completing the practice of plaster cast, I naturally entered the practice of portrait. Portraits are richer than plaster casts because people are alive. Visually, when we observe a shape from a certain angle, the outer edge of the shape is reduced to a thinner edge line due to perspective, which is the contour line.

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