What are the types of main restoration materials for ancient buildings

Summary: Architecture is the most credible cultural evidence of a nation's historical precipitation. Succession of Chinese architectural incense, inheritance of Chinese architectural culture, restoration of Chinese architectural orthodoxy, guarding the dignity of history and culture. Ancient building repair needs to repair the old to retain the historical value of ancient buildings, architectural ornamentation restoration of new materials used in the new technology must ensure that the historical value of cultural relics are not damaged. The following is an introduction to the masonry structure of the antique building repair material types, come and learn about it. First, the antique building repair materials

The main materials of ancient buildings for the brick and tile, modern antique buildings commonly used bricks are divided into antique bricks and antique bricks, tile and according to the different categories of buildings are divided into green tile and glazed tile.

1, green brick: green brick is fired clay, clay is some aluminum silicate minerals for a long time weathering products, has a very strong viscous and named. The clay is made of water and brick blanks, placed in the brick kiln calcination (900 ℃ -1100 ℃, and to last 8-15 hours) will be made into bricks. Clay contains iron, complete oxidation in the firing process generates iron trioxide red, that is, the most commonly used red bricks; and if the water cooling in the firing process, so that the iron in the clay is not fully oxidized (Fe3O4) is blue, that is, green bricks. Antique green bricks are divided into a variety of models and specifications according to the different requirements of antique buildings, applicable to different types of antique buildings.

2, antique surface brick: it is characterized by dense texture, glaze bright, wear-resistant, waterproof, corrosion-resistant and frost-resistant, giving people a bright crystal, clean and generous sense of beauty, is a relatively common application of the exterior wall veneer decoration. It is made of refractory clay by pressing and molding and then baking. Usually made into a rectangle, the size of 100 × 100 × 10mm and 150 × 150 × 10mm and so on. Ancient building materials factory describes it has a solid texture, high strength, low water absorption (less than 4%) and other characteristics. It is generally light yellow in color and used as exterior wall finish.

3, ancient green tile: green tile generally refers to clay green tile. Clay (including shale, gangue and other powder) as the main raw material, the mud treatment, molding, drying and roasting and made of, the color is not green, but dark blue, gray-blue. The production of Chinese green tile is earlier than brick, mainly used to cover the roof, roof ridge, used as a tile. Green tile gives a person elegant, calm, simple, serene aesthetic, contemporary antique architecture on the use of more.

Tile is a curved building material, taken from nature, with the life cycle of the building and finally returned to nature. For a long time, traditional Chinese buildings have been covered by this fine texture of overlapping curves, from which the unique Chinese living culture is also reflected. The appearance of green tiles began around the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and in the Tang Dynasty, its production tended to mature, with gray tiles, black tiles and glazed tiles as the main ones, gray tiles are more coarse and loose in texture, and are used for general construction. Black tile texture is tight, polished, mostly used in palaces and temples. There are also a small number of glazed tiles, used for eaves ridge. General into the arc, just burned when made of brownish gray, in the outdoor rain will slowly become dark green, so also known as the small green tile, 200 ~ 250mm long, 150 ~ 200mm wide. arc towards the top of the top tile, the opposite is known as the back of the tile, the back of the tile used for water drainage, the top of the tile to cover the gap between the back of the tile and the back of the tile in order to prevent leakage of water. Through the alternating and continuous arrangement of tiles and tiles to cover the entire sloped roof, and a small number of special shaped tiles (tiles) in the gable part of the head, to achieve the waterproofing and drainage of the entire roof.

4, glazed tiles: glazed tiles, Western-style tiles in addition to good physical properties (folding and compression, water absorption, resistance to cold and heat performance and frost resistance), the main test items for the appearance of quality. The appearance of the products should be smooth and neat, and the glaze color should be bright and pure. Tile assembly together, the glaze color should be basically the same. Modeling pattern neat and clear, the product allows size tolerance ± 2mm, to meet the above requirements is qualified. If there are drawings and samples, the test should be strictly according to the standard. There are some special inspection methods for glazed tile: such as plate tile, four pieces should be rounded up for cylinder, that is, 360°. Tile two pieces should also constitute a cylinder. Hook head, drip, plate tile bonding should be 135 ° ± 5 ° angle.

Second, the use of ancient building maintenance materials to note

The new materials used in the repair of decorative components of ancient buildings should be observed only to strengthen the principle of can not be replaced. Repair of ancient architectural decoration, should be able to do small repairs, not big repairs, can be partially dismantled not all dismantled, as far as possible to retain the original components in order to retain the historical value of ancient architecture. For the ancient building decoration with carved tile animal parts, wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and other artistic components, should be handled carefully, try to do not change or less change. For statues, murals, colorful paintings and other ancillary works of art, more can not be arbitrarily repaired.

Architectural ornamentation repair in the use of new materials, new technology must ensure that does not harm the historical value of cultural relics, including cultural relics of the shape, material, color, strength, etc., but also reversible. The new materials used in the repair of ancient architectural components should also comply with the principle that they can only be strengthened and not replaced. Stone protection technology first from the study of stone sculpture weathering form, generally more complete, weathering is not serious open-air cultural relics, should improve the protection of the environment. Serious weathering, can not be preserved cultural relics, before the use of protective materials.

The use of protective materials should be clear mainly to prevent which kinds of weathering camping force, the main indicators should be achieved after the proposed protection, and the requirements of the material is colorless, transparent, non-reflective, non-crisp alkali, chemical stability, penetration ability, with weathering resistance, a certain solidification strength.