How to divide the fire partition of office space

The so-called fire zoning refers to the use of fire separation measures to divide, can prevent the spread of fire to the rest of the same building within a certain period of time, the local area (space unit). In the building using the division of fire partition measures, can be used in the building once the fire, effectively control the fire within a certain range, reduce fire damage, and at the same time can be for the safe evacuation of people, fire fighting to provide favorable conditions fire partition

Fire partition, in accordance with the prevention of fire to prevent the spread of fire to the fire partition outside of the expansion of the function can be divided into two categories: one of them is the vertical fire partition, to prevent multi-storey or high-rise building layer by layer, the spread of fire to the rest of the building. Used to prevent multi-story or high-rise buildings between layers and layers of vertical fire spread; the second is a horizontal fire partition to prevent the fire from spreading in the horizontal direction.

Vertical fire partition

Vertical fire partition refers to the use of fire-resistant floor and window wall (including window wall), in the vertical direction of the building on each floor of the fire separation.

Horizontal fire protection partition

Horizontal fire protection partition refers to the fire protection area that separates each floor horizontally with fire walls or fire doors, fire shutters and other fire protection separators. It can prevent the fire from spreading horizontally on the floors. The fire partition should be separated by fire walls. If there are difficulties, the fire shutter can be used with cooling water curtain or closed sprinkler system, or the use of fire separation water curtain separation.

Edit the division of fire partition

From the perspective of fire prevention, the smaller the division of fire partition, the more conducive to ensuring the fire safety of the building. But if the division is too small, it will inevitably affect the use of the building function, this is obviously not work. The size of the fire partition area should be determined by considering the nature of the use of the building, the importance of fire danger, building height, fire fighting ability and the speed of fire spread and other factors.　China's current "building design and fire code", "people's air defense engineering design and fire code", "high-rise civil building design and fire code" and so on all the building's fire partition area has been stipulated in the design, audit and inspection, must be combined with the actual project, strict implementation.

(A) single-story, multi-story civil building fire partitioning

Single-story, multi-story civil building fire partitioning area is calculated in terms of floor area. The maximum permissible floor area of each fire partition shall meet the requirements of Table 5.17.　5.1.7 civil building fire resistance level, the maximum allowable number of floors and the maximum allowable floor area of the fire partition shall comply with the provisions of Table 5.1.7.　Table 5.1.7 Fire resistance class, maximum permissible number of floors and maximum permissible floor area of fire protection partition of civil buildings Fire resistance

class Maximum permissible

permissible number of floors Maximum permissible floor area of fire protection partition (m) Remarks

1, 2, according to the provisions of Article 1.0.2 of this specification 2,500 1. Audience halls of gymnasiums and theaters, and exhibition halls of exhibition buildings, the maximum permissible floor area of fire protection partition may be appropriate. maximum permissible floor area of the sub-district can be appropriately relaxed.

2. Children's rooms and children's playgrounds of nurseries and kindergartens shall not exceed 3 floors or be set up in four or more floors or underground or semi underground buildings (rooms).

Three levels 5 floors 1200 1. nurseries, kindergartens, children's rooms and children's playgrounds and other children's activities, buildings for the elderly and hospitals, nursing homes, the inpatient part of the hospital should not be more than two floors or set in the third floor and three or more floors or underground, semi-subterranean building (room).

2. Shops, schools, cinemas, theaters, auditoriums, canteens, food markets should not exceed 2 floors or set in three and more than three floors.

Level 4 2 floors 600 Schools, canteens, vegetable markets, nurseries, kindergartens, buildings for the elderly, hospitals, etc. should not be set on the second floor.

Underground, semi-underground building (room) 500 -

Note: 1 When the automatic fire extinguishing system is set up in the building, the maximum permissible floor area of the fire protection partition can be increased by 1.0 times according to the provisions of this table. When it is installed locally, the increased area can be calculated as 1.0 times of the area of such localization.　2 When the fire-resistance limit and burning performance of residential building components conform to the provisions of the current national standard "Residential Building Code" GB50368, the maximum permissible number of floors shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of this standard.　Table 3.3.1 Fire resistance class, number of floors and maximum permissible floor area of fire protection zones of factory buildings Production category Fire resistance class of factory buildings Maximum permissible number of floors Maximum permissible floor area of each fire protection zone (2m2)

Single-storey factory buildings Multi-storey factory buildings High-rise factory buildings Underground and semi-underground factory buildings, and the basement and semi-basement of the factory buildings

A Grade I Grade II Except for those who have to use multi-storey for production, it is appropriate to The use of single-storey 40003000 30002000 --

B Class I Class II Unlimited 6 50004000 40003000 20001500 - -

C First class second class third class unlimited unlimited 2 unlimited 80003000 600040002000 30002000- 500500-

D First and second class third class fourth class unlimited 31 unlimited 40001000 unlimited 2000 - 4000-- 1000--

E I, II, III, IV Unlimited 31 Unlimited 50001500 Unlimited 3000-- 6000 -- 1000--

Note: ① fire partition should be separated by firewall. In addition to the single-storey factory of Class A, Class II fire-resistance class, when the floor area of fire protection partition is larger than that specified in this table and it is difficult to set up fireproof wall, it can be separated by fire shutter or fireproof separation water curtain. Fire shutter should be used in accordance with the provisions of Article 7.5.3 of this specification; the use of fire separation curtain, should comply with the current national standards, "sprinkler system design specifications" GB50084 relevant provisions; ② In addition to linen spinning plant, a fire-resistant multi-storey textile plant and fire-resistant single-storey, multi-storey textile plant level, the maximum allowable floor area of each fire protection zone can be increased 0.5 times, but the provisions of this table The maximum permissible floor area of each fireproof partition can be increased by 0.5 times according to the provisions of this Table. However, the raw cotton opening and clearing workshops in the plant shall be separated by firewalls; ③ The maximum permissible floor area of each fireproof partition of one- and two-stage fire-resistant grade single-story and multi-story paper-making production joint plant can be increased by 1.5 times according to the provisions of this Table. The maximum permissible floor area of each fireproof partition of a single-story or multi-story paper-making production joint plant of fire resistance class I or II may be increased by 1.5 times according to the provisions of this Table. ⑤ The maximum permissible floor area of each fireproof partition of a single-story or multi-story paper-making production joint plant of fire resistance class I or II may be increased by 1.5 times according to the provisions of this Table. ⑤ The maximum permissible floor area of a single-story or multi-story fireproof partition of a single-story or multi-story paper-making production joint plant of fire resistance class I or II may be increased by 1.5 times according to the provisions of this Table. ⑤ The production rooms for raw materials, preparation of materials and group formulation, silk making, silk storage and rolling and jointing package, turnover of auxiliary materials, temporary storage of finished products, and carbon dioxide expanded tobacco shall be divided into independent fireproof separation units, and when the process conditions permit, they shall be separated by fireproof walls. Among them, the silk production, storage and packaging workshop can be divided into a fire partition, and the maximum permissible floor space of each fire partition can be determined according to the process requirements. However, the workshops of silk making, silk storage and package winding should be separated by walls with fire resistance limit not less than 2.00h and floor slabs with 1.00h. The openings between the horizontal and vertical partitions in the plant shall take measures to prevent the spread of fire; ⑥ "-" in this table indicates that it is not allowed. In Article 3.3 of the Code for Fire Protection in Building Design GB50016-2006, the following points should be noted when dividing the fire protection zones: 1. The fire protection zones should be separated by firewalls, and if there are difficulties, fire shutter (with fire resistance limit of more than 3 hours) which uses the temperature rise of the backfire surface as a criterion for determining the fire resistance limit, fire shutter plus closed type fire shutter which does not use the temperature rise of the backfire surface as a criterion for determining the fire resistance limit, and automatic sprinkler system and fire protection system shall be adopted. 2. Automatic sprinkler system and fireproof water curtain are separated. When there are doors and windows on the fireproof wall, Class A fireproof doors and windows should be used and should be able to close by themselves.　(2) When automatic fire extinguishing system is provided in the building, the maximum permitted floor area of each floor can be increased by one time according to Table 3.3.1.1. When localized, the increased area can be calculated as 1 times of the localized area.　3 buildings such as the upper and lower floors are connected to the walkway, escalators and other openings, should be connected to the upper and lower floors as a fire partition, the sum of its floor area should not exceed the provisions of Table 3.3.1.1.　However, the atrium of multi-storey buildings, when the rooms, walkways and atrium connected with the opening parts, with self-closing Class B fire doors or fire shutters; and atrium connected with the hall, passageway, etc., with Class B fire doors or shutters; the atrium corridor at each level with an automatic fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system; as well as the closed roof with automatic smoke evacuation facilities, the atrium up and down the floor area of the floor may not be superimposed on the calculation.　4 basement, semi-basement fire, people are not easy to evacuate, firefighters fighting difficulties, so the fire partition area should be controlled more strictly, the provisions of the building's basement, semi-basement should be divided into fire partitions using firewalls, the area should not exceed 500 square meters.

(B) the division of fire protection zoning plant

The maximum permissible area of each fire protection zoning area of the plant should be consistent with the requirements of Table 3.2.1. Multi-storey plant table in the maximum permissible floor area refers to the maximum permissible floor area.　Table 3.2.1 fire resistance level of plant, the number of floors and floor area Production category Fire resistance level Maximum permissible number of floors Fire partition maximum permissible floor area (m2)

Single-story multi-story high-rise basement and semi-basement of the plant

A first class

second class

Second class In addition to the production of multi-storey must be used

storey, it is appropriate to use a single-storey 4000

3000

Single-storey fire partition area should be used. 3000 3000

2000 --

-- --

-

-

-

-

B -

B Level 1

Level 2 Unlimited

6 5000

4000 4000

3000 2000

1500 --

--

C Level 1

Level 2

Level 3 Unlimited

Unlimited

2 Unlimited

8,000

3,000 6,000

4,000

2,000 3000

2000

-- 500

500

--

D I, II, III

4 Unlimited

3

1 Unlimited

4000

1000 Unlimited

2000

-- 4000

--

- - 1000

--

-

E I, II III

4 Unlimited

3

1 Unlimited

5000

5000

1 Unlimited

5000

5000

1 Unlimited

5000

1500 Unlimited

3000

-- 6000

--

- - 1000

--

--

The following points should be noted in the design of fire protection partition: ① Fire protection partition should be separated by firewall. When door and window openings are opened on the firewall, Class A fireproof doors and windows should be used. One or two fire-resistant single-story plant (except Class A plant), such as the area exceeds the value specified in Table 3.2.1, set up firewalls have difficulties, available fire shutter or fire curtains and other separation.　② first-class fire-resistant multi-storey and second-class fire-resistant single-story, multi-story textile plants (except hemp mill), the maximum permissible footprint of its fire zones can be increased by 50% in accordance with the provisions of Table 3.2.1, but the above plants of the raw cotton unpacking, clearing the flower shop should be separated by firewalls.　(iii) The maximum permissible floor area of fire protection partition of single-story and multi-story paper-making production joint plant of Class I and II fire-resistance level can be increased by 1.5 times according to the provisions in Table 3.2.1.　(iv) When automatic fire extinguishing system is provided in class A, B and C plants, the maximum permissible floor area of fire protection partition shall be increased by 1 times according to the provisions of Table 3.2.1; and when automatic fire extinguishing system is provided in class D and E plants, the floor area shall not be limited. Local addition, the increase in area by the local area of 1 times the calculation.　

(C) the division of fire protection partition of the warehouse

The area between each firewall of the warehouse and the maximum permissible floor space should be in accordance with the requirements of Table 3.3.1.3.　　In the fire partition, the following points shall be noted: 1. The fire partition interval shall be separated by firewall, and when doors and windows are opened on it, Class A fireproof doors and windows shall be used.　2. The floor area of independently constructed ammonium nitrate storehouse, calcium carbide storehouse, polyethylene storehouse, urea storehouse, coal distribution storehouse as well as transit warehouses in stations, wharves and airports can be increased by one time according to the provisions of Table 3.3.1.3, but the fire-resistance level shall not be lower than Grade II.　3. The floor area of the warehouse with automatic fire extinguishing system can be increased by one time according to the provisions of Table 3.3.1.3 and "2" above.　4. In the same storehouse or the same firewall, such as the storage of several kinds of fire hazardous items, the maximum allowable floor area of the storehouse or compartment, according to which the fire hazard should be determined by the largest items.

(D) high-rise plant fire partitioning

High-rise plant refers to the building height of more than 24m two-story and two-story or more plant.　High-rise plant each fire partition of the maximum allowable floor area should be consistent with the requirements of Table 3.3.1.4. Category A plant cannot be located in high-rise plant. The fire resistance class of high-rise buildings shall not be lower than Grade II.　When dividing the fire protection zones, the following points should be noted: 1. The fire protection zones should be separated by firewalls. 2.　2. When automatic fire extinguishing system is provided in B and C type plant, the area of fire protection partition can be increased by one time according to the provisions of Table 3.3.1.4; when automatic fire extinguishing system is provided in D and E type plant, the floor area of fire protection partition is not limited. When localized setting, the increased area can be calculated as 1 times of the localized area.

(E) high-level warehouse fire partitioning

High-level warehouse refers to the building height of more than 24m of the two floors and more than two floors of the warehouse. A, B items and C combustible liquids should not be stored in the high-rise warehouse. The fire resistance level of high-rise warehouses should not be lower than Grade II.　The maximum permissible floor area between firewalls of each fire partition of high-rise warehouses shall meet the requirements of Table 3.3.1.5.　　When the high-rise warehouse is equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, the floor area can be increased by one time according to Table 3.3.1.5, and when it is set up locally, the increased area can be calculated as one time of the local area.

(F) high-rise civil building fire partitioning

Based on the fire danger of high-rise civil buildings and high-rise building characteristics, combined with the actual situation in China, with reference to foreign countries on the high-rise civil building fire partitioning, China's "Code for the Design and Fire Protection of High-rise Civil Buildings" stipulates that the maximum permissible floor area of each fire partition in a high-rise civil building should not exceed the Table 3.3 .1.6.　In the division of fire protection zoning should pay attention to the following points: 1. Division of fire protection zoning fire separation in addition to fire walls, but also according to the specific circumstances of the use of fire shutters and fire curtains and water curtains, etc..　2. The fire protection partition with automatic fire extinguishing system, the maximum permissible floor area can be increased by 1 times according to Table 3.3.1.6; when the automatic fire extinguishing system is set up locally, the increase in the area can be calculated by 1 times of the local area.　3. Commercial business halls, exhibition halls, etc. in high-rise buildings, when equipped with automatic fire alarm system and automatic fire extinguishing system, and the use of non-combustible or non-combustible materials decoration, the maximum permissible floor area of the aboveground part of the fire partition is 4000 square meters, and the maximum permissible floor area of the underground part of the fire partition is 2,000 square meters.　4. When the high-rise building and its podium with firewalls and other fire separation facilities, the podium of the fire partition of the maximum permissible floor area should not be greater than 2,500 square meters, when there is an automatic sprinkler system, the maximum permissible floor area of the fire partition can be increased by 1 times.　5. When there are corridors, open staircases, escalators, conveyor belts and other openings in the high-rise building which are connected to the upper and lower floors, the upper and lower connected floors should be used as a fire protection partition, and the maximum permissible floor area should not exceed the provisions of Table 3.3.1.6. When the upper and lower openings with fire shutters or water curtains and other separation facilities, the area may not be superimposed on the calculation.　　6 high-rise building atrium fire partition area should be connected to the upper and lower floors of the area of the superposition of the calculation, when more than one fire partition area, should be taken in this section of the atrium fire separation measures.　7. Fire doors located near the deformation, should be located in the side of the number of floors, and the door should not be opened across the deformation joints.　8. If it is difficult to set up firewall, fire shutter can be used for fire separation. when using fire shutter with temperature rise of backfire surface as fire resistance limit condition, its fire resistance limit should not be less than 3h; when using fire shutter without temperature rise of backfire surface as fire resistance limit condition, both sides of the shutter should be equipped with independent closed-type automatic sprinkler system for protection, and the continuation time of system spraying should not be less than 3h. the strength of water spray should not be less than 0.5mm, the strength of water spray should not be less than 0.5mm, the strength of water spray should not be less than 0.5mm. Spray intensity should not be less than 0.5L / S.M, nozzle spacing should be 2m to 2.5m, nozzle from the vertical distance of the shutter should be 0.5m. 9. In the evacuation aisle on the fire shutter curtains should be set up on both sides of the shutter to open and close the device, and should be with the first move, manual and mechanical control functions.

Edit this section of the glass curtain wall, atrium and special parts and rooms of the fire separation

(A) glass curtain wall characteristics

Glass curtain wall as a new type of architectural components, with its light weight, light, bright, bright, quite set aside, beautiful, decorative arts and other advantages, since the 70-80 years, has been a large number of high-rise buildings.

|--1. Fire hazard of glass curtain wall

Glass curtain wall is composed of metal components and glass panels of the building facade enclosure structure, divided into bright frame, semi-bright frame and hidden frame glass curtain wall three. Composition of glass curtain wall materials are: steel, aluminum alloy, glass, stainless steel and adhesive sealants.　The glass curtain wall is mostly fully enclosed, and the glass on the curtain wall often uses heat-reflective glass, tempered glass, etc. These glasses are strong, but fire-resistant. These glass high strength, but poor fire resistance, therefore, once the building fire, the fire spreads dangerously large, mainly in the following aspects: (1) once the building fire, the indoor temperature rises sharply, used as a curtain wall glass in the early stages of the fire due to the role of the temperature stress that will be blown up and broken, resulting in the fire by the outside of the building upward spread. General curtain wall glass in 250 ℃ or so will be cracked, fall off, so that a large area of the glass curtain wall has become an important way for the fire to spread upward.　(2) vertical glass curtain wall and the gap between the horizontal floor, is a fire when the smoke spreads the way. Due to the requirements of building construction, there is a large gap between the curtain wall and the floor, if it is not sealed or sealed poorly, the smoke and fire will spread upward, resulting in the spread.

|--2. Glass curtain wall fire separation measures

In order to prevent the building fire through the glass curtain wall caused by the spread of a large area, in the setup of the glass curtain wall should be in line with the following provisions: (1) with a wall between the windows, window threshold wall (window wall) of the glass curtain wall, the wall of the filler material application of rock wool, mineral wool, glass wool, aluminum silicate cotton and other non-combustible materials. When its outer wall surface with a fire-resistant limit of not less than 1h non-combustible body, the wall sealing materials can be used in the bottom of non-combustible materials, such as B1 level of foam.　(2) The glass curtain wall without window wall and sill wall (window wall) shall be set up with non-combustible solid skirt wall with fire-resistance limit of not less than 1h and height of not less than 0.8m along the outer edge of floor slab of each floor.　(3) glass curtain wall and each floor, the gap at the partition wall, should use non-combustible materials to fill the dense.

(B) the atrium of the fire separation

Atrium is in the building through the upper and lower floors, and create a natural environment with the beauty of the outdoor indoor **** enjoy the space.　It is a large building inside the upper and lower floors through the large space as the core and create a special form of construction, atrium height varies, some with the same height of the building, and some in the upper or lower part of the building, due to the atrium is the upper and lower through the large space, so to the fire prevention design puts forward a lot of new issues.

|--1. Atrium fire hazard

(1) the rapid spread of fire, smoke diffusion.　Once the atrium fire, fire and smoke can be unrestricted rapid expansion. Atrium space resembles a chimney, so it is easy to produce the chimney effect, if a fire occurs in the lower atrium, the smoke will be very easy to enter the atrium space; if a fire occurs in the upper atrium, the smoke and fire in the atrium space can not be discharged outward, it will be to the other spaces in the building to proliferate; and then quickly lead to the whole building all on fire.　(2) It is difficult to evacuate people and put out the fire.　Atrium fire, involving a number of floors, it is very easy to form a three-dimensional fire, due to the spread of smoke and fire, the evacuation of people and fire fighting mutual meeting, a large number of people, easy to cause confusion at the scene. In addition, because of the smoke, the impact of the fire, is bound to the evacuation of personnel and firefighting caused great difficulty.

|--2. Atrium fire separation measures

According to the characteristics of the atrium fire, combined with domestic and foreign high-rise building atrium fire design specific practices, with reference to the provisions of the relevant foreign fire code, through the atrium of the layers should be calculated according to a fire partition, when its area is greater than the building area of the relevant building fire partition, the fire separation measures should be taken as follows: (1) the room and the atrium corridor connected door (1) Doors and passages connecting rooms and atrium corridors shall be equipped with Class B fire doors and windows to control the spread of fire to each floor; (2) Halls and passages connecting with the atrium shall be separated by Class B fire doors or fire shutters with fire-resistance limit of more than 3h, so as to control the spread of smoke and fire to the halls and passages; (3) Automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in each level of the corridors of the atrium; (4) Automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in each level of the atrium; and the fire alarm system shall be connected with smoke extraction equipment and fire protection equipment; and the fire alarm system shall be connected with smoke extraction equipment and fire protection system. (4) Each floor of the atrium corridor should be equipped with automatic fire alarm system and interlocking control with smoke exhaust equipment and fire doors.

(C) a variety of firm wells and other special parts of the fire separation

The building of a variety of firm to the tube wells, not only is the fire spread up and down the main way, but also dial smoke and fire channel, if the fire separation is not appropriate or not for appropriate fire prevention, the high temperature of the smoke and fire will spread rapidly and expand, resulting in difficulties in extinguishing, a serious threat to personal safety, increasing fire losses. Elevator is an important vertical transportation, elevator shafts are generally connected with the elevator hall, aisles and other rooms, if there are combustible gases and flammable, combustible liquids, wires (cables), once the fire will threaten the other pipe wells and the safety of the entire building, therefore, these parts of the building in the building construction should be strictly required, the specific fire prevention measures should be taken as follows; 1. low-rise buildings, pipe wells, cable wells should be Every 2-3 floors at the floor with a fire-resistant limit of not less than 0.5h non-combustible body sealing, the well wall should be used fire-resistant limit of not less than 1h non-combustible body. The inspection door on the wall of the shaft shall be a Class C fire door.　2. The elevator shaft should be set up independently, and it is strictly prohibited to lay combustible gas and A, B, C liquid pipelines in the shaft, and should not lay cables and wires that are not related to the elevator. Elevator shaft wall in addition to the opening of the elevator door holes and ventilation holes, should not open other holes. Elevator door should not be used to fence the door.　3 high-rise buildings, cable wells, pipe wells, smoke ducts, exhaust ducts, garbage ducts and other vertical pipeline wells, should be set up independently; the well wall should be fire-resistant grade not less than 1h non-combustible body; well wall inspection door should be used class C fire door.　4. building height does not exceed 100 meters of high-rise buildings, its cable wells, pipe wells should be every 2 - 3 floors in the floor equivalent to the floor fire-resistant limit of non-combustible body for fire separation; building height of more than 100 meters of high-rise buildings, should be equivalent to the floor of each floor at the floor of non-combustible fire-resistant limit of non-combustible body for fire separation.　Cable wells, pipe wells, and rooms, aisles and other connected holes, the gap should be filled with non-combustible materials.　5. garbage way should be set up against the outside wall, should not be located in the stairwell, the garbage way of the exhaust port should be opened directly to the outdoors. Refuse hopper should be located in front of the garbage road indoor, the front room should be used class C fire door. The garbage hopper should be made of non-combustible material and can be closed by itself.　6. building expansion joints, settlement joints, seismic joints and other deformation joints is one of the ways of fire spread, especially longitudinal deformation joints have a strong role in pulling smoke and fire, for this reason, it must be good fire treatment. Deformation joints of the grass-roots level should be non-combustible materials, the surface of the decorative layer should be used non-combustible materials, strictly limit the use of combustible materials. It is not allowed to lay cables, combustible gas pipelines and A, B, C liquid pipelines in the deformation joints. If the above cables and pipes need to pass through the deformation joints, they should be protected by non-combustible material casing at the crossing place and the gaps should be tightly filled with non-combustible materials.　7. When the pipeline passes through the floor, the non-combustible material should be used to fill the gap around it.　8. Cold storage using rice husk, foam and other combustible materials for the wall of the thermal insulation layer, it is appropriate to use non-combustible insulation materials to do horizontal fire belt. Fire belt should be located in each floor level. Cold storage attic floor and wall combustible insulation is appropriate to use non-combustible body wall separation.