Traditional culture around us brush to understand 50 words

Traditional culture is the evolution of civilization and brought together into a national culture reflecting the national character and style, is the national history of various ideological and cultural, conceptual forms of the overall characterization. All over the world, each nation has its own traditional culture. China's traditional culture has Confucianism as its core, as well as Taoism, Buddhism and other cultural forms, including: ancient texts, poems, lyrics, songs, fugues, national music, national theater, opera, Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shooting, wine orders, hermetic phrases, etc. The traditional culture of Beijing Opera is a kind of national culture that reflects the characteristics and styles of the nation, and is a general representation of various ideologies and concepts in national history.　Traditional Culture of Beijing Opera Editor's Introduction I. Objective Ambiguity To date, scholars in ancient and modern China and abroad have not yet been able to come to a definitive conclusion that, in addition to the reasons for the multi-dimensional vision, there is also an objective ambiguity from the linguistic point of view. Broadly speaking, culture is the sum of human spiritual and material life. Joking aside, a man standing on a street corner, pooh-poohing a mouthful of spittle flying out, is a cultural phenomenon. If it's two women, one humming and the other yucking, it's a much more complex culture. The broad nature of culture leads to those who study culture often have the embarrassment of a dog chewing on a hedgehog. American cultural anthropologist Lowell said: I was entrusted with a difficult job, is to talk about culture Traditional culture of Kunqu Culture. But in this world, there is nothing else more difficult to grasp than culture. We can't analyze it because its components are endless, we can't describe it because it has no fixed shape. It is like trying to hold the air in our hands as we try to scope out its meaning in words. When we go looking for culture, it is everywhere except not in our hands. Hoo-hoo, speaking here, the students will find that this guy copied our Taoist ancestor, try to see the original words of Laozi: see the name of the unseen is said to be razor thin, listen to the name of the unheard is said to be Xi, wrestling with the name of the unavailable is said to be micro, these three can not be to the cross-examination, and therefore mixed into one. It is not on the mere, not under the obscurity, the rope can not be named, back to nothing, is called the shape of nothing, nothing like, is called a trance. Welcome to not see its head, with the not see its back ...... with no translation, we can see, Lowell plagiarized Laozi, only to change the name, Laozi talked about the Tao, this girl changed into culture. Here is a joke ah.　Second, narrow interpretation In a narrow sense, culture refers only to the field of people's spiritual life. On this basis, according to the different perspectives, the cultural structure is further categorized First, from the perspective of time, there are primitive culture, ancient culture, modern culture, modern culture. Secondly, from a spatial perspective, there are oriental cultures, western cultures, oceanic cultures, and continental cultures. Thirdly, from the social level, there are noble culture, common culture, official culture, folk culture, mainstream culture, marginal culture (Mr. Jiang Yihua divided it into normative culture, non-normative culture and semi-normative culture. This division is relatively new, so I will focus on it. The so-called normative culture, Mr. Jiang believes that the Confucian classics as the scripture, to the successive official revision of history as the weft, in the traditional culture of the long-term flow of evolution in the extensive absorption of Taoism, law, yin and yang, vertical and horizontal, Xuan, the Buddhist doctrine and the formation of the scripture and history of the culture, is the highest authority of the normative culture of the Chinese small peasant society. Correspondingly, there is a non-normative culture that exists among the general public in the form of mode of production, way of life, human relations, customs, habits, beliefs, pursuits, daily psychology, latent consciousness, and all kinds of written or unwritten systems. In addition to these two types of culture, there is also a semi-normative culture in between, which refers to a large number of literary and artistic works of varying degrees of elegance and vulgarity, and a variety of cultural and educational, religious and recreational activities that are semi-detached from the culture of history and scripture, such as "Water Margin," "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," "Sui and Tang Dynasty," "Journey to the West" and other masterpieces of secular culture. (Of course, I think Mr. Jiang's division seems to be valid only for traditional Chinese culture). Fourth, from the social function, it is divided into ritual culture, institutional culture, dress culture, campus culture, enterprise culture. Fifth, from the internal logic level of culture, it can be divided into four levels: physical culture, mental culture, behavioral culture and institutional culture. Sixth, from the economic form, there is a hunting culture, fishing and salt culture, agricultural culture, industrial culture, commercial culture. There are also people in which to engage in coloring, yellow culture, blue culture and so on.　In addition, there is a more playful division, such as Mr. Zhang Yuanshan in his "five thousand years up and down" culture essay, the culture is divided into the mind culture, chest culture, abdominal culture and the lower half of the culture. The lower body is further divided by him into two segments, as the crotch culture and the culture below the crotch. He said, taking the middle of Tang Dynasty (An Shi Rebellion) as the boundary, before that was the upper half of Chinese culture, and after that was the lower half of Chinese culture. To break it down, from Yao to Zhou, i.e., 3,000 years B.C. to the birth of Confucius in 552 B.C., about 2,500 years, is the prehistoric period of Chinese culture, which is still mindless. Before and after the birth of Confucius, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China entered the era of mind culture. Qin Shi Huang in the unification, centralized power plus autocracy, chest beating, China entered the chest era. The Han Dynasty patted even louder, patting the Xiongnu soldiers are shivering. The stone pig and stone horse in Huo Zaiwei's tomb off, at a glance, you can tell that it was carved by the most clueless people. The most mindless Sima Qian was castrated in his lower body by the most mindless Emperor Wu. It was also this brainless Emperor Wu who declared the sole respect for Confucianism, leading to the fact that most of China's intellectuals of the past 2,000 years have become brainless. In short, Mr. Zhang so divided, divided very playful, the reason why to give you so much nagging, just to give you a little inspiration, students if interested, may wish to create a division to.　Edit Keywords I. The Hundred Schools of Thought ★Traditional Overview★: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, fraternity, modesty, forgiveness, courage, and letting; qin, chess, calligraphy, and painting, the three religions and the nine streams, the three hundred and sixty trades, the four great inventions, the folk taboos, Jingzhongbao Guo, bamboo, ballads, loess, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Red, the moon... ★Agricultural Culture ★: Farmers, Peasants' Revolt, Hoes. Traditional Culture of Paper Cutting ★Palace and Government ★: Palace Culture, Imperialism. ★The Hundred Schools of Thought★: Confucianism (Confucius, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi ; benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith; the middle way) Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi; morality, inaction, and impunity) Mohism (Mozi, Mozi, Concurrent Love) Legalism (Han Fei, Li Si, Hanfei Zi) Famous Schools (Deng Analytics, Huishi, The Longzi of Gongsun) Yin-Yang Schools (Zou Yan, The Five Elements, Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth) Longitudinal Schools (Gigu Zi , Su Qin, Zhang Yi, "Strategies of the Warring States") Miscellaneous (Lu Buwei) Agricultural (Lu Shi Chun Qiu) Novelist Soldier Medical Doctor II, Arts ★Qin ★★: Sheng, flute, erhu, guzheng, Xiao, drums, guqin, pipa. Jasmine Flower", Ten Famous Songs ("High Mountains and Flowing Water", "Guangling San", "Pingsha Falling Geese", "Three Fortunes of the Plum Blossom", "Ambush on Ten Sides", "Sunset Whistling and Drumming", "Fishing and Woodcutter's Questions and Answers", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", "Autumn and Moon of the Han Palace", "Spring and White Snow of the Yang Chun") ★Chess ★: Chinese Xiangqi (Chess), Chinese Weiqi (Chinese Chess), Games, Chess Pieces, and Chess Boards. ★Books★: Chinese calligraphy, seal cutting seals, the four treasures (brush, ink, ink stone, rice paper), woodblock watermarks, oracle bone inscriptions, bell and tripod inscriptions, bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty, and vertical wire-bound books. ★ Painting ★: Chinese painting, landscape painting, painting; Dunhuang frescoes; eight steeds, taijitu (Taiji).　III. Tradition ★Zodiac★: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Chicken, Dog, Pig. ★Traditional Literature★: Tang Poetry, Song Lyrics, Yuan Opera, Ming and Qing Dynasty Novels, Songs, Fugues, The Book of Psalms , The Thirty-Six Stratagems, The Art of War, The Four Great Masterpieces. ★Traditional Festivals