Details of Huayan Temple (Huayan Temple in Xi, Shaanxi Province)

Huayan Temple is the ancestral home of Huayan Sect, one of the eight sects of Buddhism. It is one of the eight famous temples in

Details of Huayan Temple (Huayan Temple in Xi, Shaanxi Province)

Huayan Temple is the ancestral home of Huayan Sect, one of the eight sects of Buddhism. It is one of the eight famous temples in Fan Chuan in Tang Dynasty, a national key Buddhist temple and a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Shaoling Mausoleum, Chang 'an District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province.

According to the Records of Chang 'an, Huayan Temple was built during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong (627-649) and is a famous scenic spot in the south of Chang 'an. It is not only a resort for feasting in spring and autumn and summer, but also a place where literati stopped to live in seclusion, leaving a lot of poems and songs. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Looking at Hometown": "Think twice and take the west road. The rock curve is deep, and the ground is flat and woody. Long Shu, windy and early in first frost. Zhou Tai Hanyuan, sunset grass. "

1956, Huayan Temple was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province.

In 2006, Huayan Temple Tower was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Chinese name: Huayan Temple Location: Duqu Town, Chang 'an District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province was founded in the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, as far away as the Han Dynasty? Type: Buddhist temple cultural protection level: national key cultural relics protection unit Rong? Word of mouth: Buddhist Sect Huayan Zongzuting Opening hours: 10: 00- 17: 00 Ticket price: free suggested play time: 1-2 hours Suitable play season: spring, summer and autumn Suitable country: China City: Shaanxi Xi must read before departure, introduction of scenic spots, key information, geographical environment, historical evolution, and so on. Master Cheng Guanling Pagoda, cultural relics protection, abbot Hua Yan Zuting, Buddhist center, tourism information, geographical environment Huayan Temple is located on the half slope of Shaoling Courtyard in the south of Qu Weidong, Chang 'an District, in the southern suburbs of Xi City, about15km away from Xi City. Huayan Temple is commanding in the Tang Dynasty, with a golden hill and a river, and an exquisite courtyard. It overlooks Fan Chuan, looks at the source of Shenhe River in the west, and looks at the peaks and jade boxes in Wuyan in the south, just as Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised in his poems about temples: "There are thousands of peaks in the south of the temple, and the peaks are green." Historical Evolution According to historical documents, Huayan Temple was built during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong (627-649). Judging from the unearthed architectural relics, its architectural age can be traced back to the Han Dynasty at the earliest. Huayan Temple has no record of Gaotang since it was first built. Carving is always used as a cave to accommodate Buddha statues and monks. Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the center of Buddhism's promotion of Buddhism, and monks and scholars from all walks of life gathered. Most of the Sanzang who entered China through Xinjiang and Gansu made achievements in translation. Due to the social background at that time and the social influence of Huayan Temple, Huayan Temple once became the "World Buddhist Center". In the second year of Tang Huichang (842), Tang Wuzong issued an imperial edict and implemented a series of policies to "destroy Buddha", which was called "forbidding Buddha in Huichang" in history. From the second year of Huichang (842) to the sixth year of Huichang (846), temple property was confiscated, monks and nuns were ordered to become secular, and countless temples were destroyed. The left street of Chang 'an, the imperial capital, left the Ji 'en Temple and Jianfu Temple, and the right street left the Ximing Temple and Zhuang Yan Temple. Huayan Temple was also hit and seriously damaged. After Li Chen ascended the throne, Buddhism was promoted and Huayan Temple was revived. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty said in "Xinghuayan Temple": "Yunqing Mountain weighs tens of thousands, and the spring scenery is more harmonious. The tent temple is empty and cold, and Yuanchuan overlooks the green cage. Guang Lin's house has a low view, and the horoscopes are on display all night. What's it like to chase you today? I am not ashamed of Hanwu, but I am happy in the focus. " Explain the situation of Huayan Temple when Xuanzong was in power. -Li said in "A Journey to the South of the City": "Go to Zhupo in the east and rest at Huayan Temple, overlooking Nansheng, Yanxiayan, Jade Case, Guifeng and Zige. At present, you can't wait until you finish your shoes ... you have opened three doors, you will be rewarded with beautiful poems of perilla, and you will subtly sing the poems of the Tang Priest. " Crossing the East Pavilion is really like a tower in the clouds. When you get off the pavilion, you can reach the Forbidden City ... "... Kou Zhun, a famous singer in the Song Dynasty, said in his poem" You Hua Yan Temple ":"The southern hills in the temple are green and thick, and the gulls and herons in the water village are far away. Looking at Fan Chuanjing on the ground, I wish I couldn't lean against the rain. "Explain the situation of Huayan Temple in the Song Dynasty. In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1556), at midnight on123, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred, tower bridge collapsed and buildings collapsed, which almost destroyed the ancient buildings of Tang and Song Dynasties on the ground, with few survivors. According to Shaanxi Tongzhi, the main buildings of Huayan Temple were destroyed in the earthquake, and only Dushun Master Pagoda and Liang Qingshi National Pagoda survived. In the 12th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1734), Yong Zhengdi wrote that the fourth ancestor Master Cheng Guan was named "Master Miao", and this imperial tablet is now in front of Master Cheng Guan Tower. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the Shaoling Cemetery collapsed, leaving only two pagodas, Master Du Shun, the ancestor of Huayan Sect, and Master Cheng Guan, the fourth ancestor of Liang Qing Buddhism. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), there was a serious drought in Shaanxi, and the government of the Republic of China sent Mr. Zhu to Shaanxi for disaster relief. When he visited the Huayan Temple Tower, he saw the words "When the tower was rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty, it was convenient for him to make a wish in front of the tower,' Rebuild the two towers, and may the general rain'". A few days later, it rained heavily, and Zhu and Buddhist people began to repair the tower, which became a much-told story for a while. In this renovation, two pagodas were rebuilt and three halls were built. In the small hall under the pagodas of the ancestors Du Shun and the fourth ancestor Cheng Guan, the remains of two ancestors were carved. 1956, Huayan Temple was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. 1958 After steelmaking began, stone tablets were used for steelmaking, temples were occupied, and all ancient trees were cut down. During the Cultural Revolution, the Buddha statues were smashed, the monks were driven away and the main hall was demolished. 1976, after the Cultural Revolution, only the stupa of Master Du Shun and Master Cheng Guan and several stone tablets were left in the temple. In 2006, Huayan Temple Tower was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit and was partially repaired. In 2009, the reconstruction of Huayan Temple was officially started, and the reconstruction project is expected to be completed around 10. Architectural Pattern According to the Records of Chang 'an, the buildings in Huayan Temple in the Tang Dynasty, such as Dongting Fatang, Huishengyuan, Jinchengyuan and Zhenru Tower, were built in turn from south to north, and the scale was very grand. Huayan Twin Towers Today's Huayan Temple is located in a long and narrow open space about 400 meters long and 60 meters wide on the half slope of Shaoling Plateau, with a steep slope of nearly 90 degrees in the south and a vertical loess barrier more than 30 meters high in the north. Deep ditches and barriers constitute the natural "wall" of Huayan Temple. Restricted by geography, the temple gate faces north and the buildings are arranged from north to south. In 2009, the reconstruction of Huayan Temple was officially launched. According to its function, the whole temple is divided into two modes: open and closed, which are reflected in three areas. On the central axis, a public hall "open area" was built for four disciples to carry out Buddhist activities and worship Buddha. On the left, the "closed area" to improve monks' spiritual life. On the right side, there is a "closed area" for study, research and life, which is dominated by believers. The main buildings in Huayan Temple used to be Dongge Fatang, Huishengyuan, Zhuzu Dushun Master Lingta, Zu Zhiyan Master Lingta, Zu Xianshou Master Lingta, Zu Chengguan Master Lingta, Zumi Master Lingta, Zhenru Tower and other buildings, which were repaired many times in the Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, but gradually declined due to repeated landslides. In particular, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a great collapse destroyed all the temples in the temple. Today, Huayan Temple has built a simple temple, a pagoda and several temples. Cultural relics: Master Du Shun's Lingta, the ancestor of Huayan Zong Chu, and Master Guan Lingta, the fourth ancestor, stand side by side, with Master Du Shun's Lingta in the east and Guanguan Lingta in the west. The existing Dushun Pagoda of Master Dushun Lingta is a seven-story square pyramid with a height of about 2 1 m, which is a pavilion-style brick pagoda with imitation wood structure. There is a coupon door to the south of the pedestal of Master Du Shun's Lingta, and a niche hall is built in it. The eaves of the tower are covered with two layers of water chestnut teeth, and columns with imitation wood structure are built under the eaves. The top of the tower is braked by flat bricks and a vase. The walls of the tower are made of bricks into flat columns, columns, arches, arches, etc. The upper layer is engraved with the word "Yan Shi", and the third layer is inlaid with the word "spotless and clean stupa". It is said that the four-corner pagoda of Master Du Shun's pagoda symbolizes Hua Yanzong's outstanding thought of "four dharma circles", while the six-story pagoda symbolizes Hua Yanzong's "six-phase origin" theory; When they add up to ten, it represents the important theory of "Ten Xuanmen" in Huayan Jing, and also symbolizes perfection, which means that Huayan Sect is the most profound Buddhist doctrine. Master Du Shun died in the 14th year of Tang Zhenguan (640). This pagoda has stood in Huayan Temple for 1370 years. It is a precious historical relic and a town temple pagoda of Huayan Temple. Chengguan mage Lingta Chengguan mage Lingta is also called cool stupa. Cheng Guan (737-838), Xiahou, a native of Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was a famous thinker and scholar in ZTE decades after the death of Fa Zang, the actual founder of Hua Yanzong. His thought of consistency of Zen and integration of various schools of thought had a great influence on Buddhism in China after the middle Tang Dynasty. Cool Pagoda Cheng Guan Pagoda Cool Pagoda is hexagonal, with seven floors and six sides, and its height is about17m. Because the mage was once named "Sangtong Liangshi", the stone carving of "Tang Dynasty Liangshi Tower" is embedded in the tower body, which has a history of more than 1 100 years. Because Tahi is close to the original shore, it is washed away by rain and is in danger of overturning. Demolition in Chang 'an District 1986, moving from the original site to the southeast10m, and on-site restoration. During the demolition process, gold-plated bronze Buddha statues, thousands of Buddhist monuments and Buddhist scriptures were found in the center of each tower. A two-story brick tower with different styles and exquisite carvings was found under the tower foundation, about six meters high. The Chengguan Tower of Huayan Temple is unique in shape and hexagonal in shape, which represents Huayan Zong's viewpoint of "the origin of six phases". The five-story tower, not counting the pedestal, represents Hua Yanzong's "five religions" thought. According to records, the Liang Qing stupa was rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty, but judging from the unearthed bronze Buddha and Buddhist scriptures, it is a relic of the early Qing Dynasty. It can be seen that the five-story brick tower on the ground should be rebuilt on the basis of the Miaojue Tower destroyed in the Yuan Dynasty when the Shaoling Cemetery collapsed in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in the18th century. The two underground towers with different styles found in the demolition should be regarded as the residual towers rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty. A stone envelope hidden in the inner chamber of the tower was also found under the remnant tower, and there was a white jade bottle containing a relic in the stone envelope. On one side of the cool stupa, there is a stone tablet, which was built in the18th century. At that time, Cheng Guan was called "Zheng Miao Zhen Cheng Zen Master". Cultural Relics Protection 1956 In August, Huayan Temple was approved by Shaanxi Provincial People's Committee as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. Wenbao Monument In June 2006, Huayan Temple Tower was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In June, 2006, under the direct leadership of the Shaanxi Provincial Government, the one-year activity of "Investigation and Planning of the Ancestral Temple of Han Buddhism in Shaanxi, China" reconfirmed the ancestral status and historical value of Huayan Temple, and promoted the reconstruction of Huayan Temple. On June 5438+1October 65438+May, 2009, the restoration and reconstruction project of Huayan Temple in Huayan Ancestral Hall of China officially started. The abbot of all previous dynasties was Master Shun (557-640), who was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province) and was the ancestor of Huayan Sect. Master Du Shun became a monk at the age of 18, converted to Buddhism, and studied Zen with Zen master Yin Shengsi. During his lifetime, Zen Master Du Shun did many deeds of saving lives, eliminating diseases and doing good deeds, which was respected by monks and customs at that time and was very beneficial for him to spread Buddhism. At the end of Sui Dynasty, he settled in Zhong Nanshan, preaching Hua Yan and educating Taoism and customs. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Emperor Taizong admired his fame, personally introduced the Imperial Palace Dragon Ceremony and gave him the title of "Emperor's Heart". Empresses, royalty and nobles all treat it like a Buddha. According to legend, Du Shun sat on Taizong's bed at the age of 84, and then sent him to the southern suburbs of Chang 'an to build a tower in Huayan Temple.

Du Shun wrote "The Gate of the Legalist School of Observing Hua Yan" and "Observing Hua Yan's Five Religions", which laid a theoretical foundation for the "infinite origin theory" of Hua Yan School and the "five-order equality theory" of judging teaching. Later generations called him the ancestor of Hua Yan, but the founder was actually a master of Buddhism and Tibet. Fazang (643-7 12) was a wealthy China native in the Western Regions. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he studied Huayan Classics with Master Zhiyan. In the second year of Tang Shengli (699), he told Wu Zetian the Hua Yan Jing, which made him "suddenly realize". He also awarded the precepts of Bodhisattva to Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong, and became a Buddhist. Tang Zhongzong also built five Huayan temples specially for him. Based on Hua Yan Jing, Fazang absorbed Xuanzang's translation theory, completed teaching evaluation, enriched the concept of law and established Hua Yan Zong. Therefore, China Buddhism regards Huayan Temple as the birthplace of Huayan Sect. Master, master, dharma name Daxing, common surname Chen. Master of Buddhism in China Buddhist College, visiting scholar in Peking University. He is currently a director of Chinese Buddhist Association, executive director of Shaanxi Ethnic Religious Cultural Exchange Association, member of Shaanxi Youth Federation, deputy secretary general of Shaanxi Buddhist Association, deputy secretary general of Anshi Buddhist Association, vice president of Zhong Nanshan Buddhist Association in xi 'an Chang 'an District, and abbot of Huayan Temple in Chang 'an District. Master Chang Kuan Master Chang Kuan 1978 was born in Datong, Qinghai in April. 1993, lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, Chang 'an District, Xi for one year. 1April, 994, became a monk in Xingjiao Temple in Chang 'an. 1June, 1996, in Anwolong Temple, according to the elder Yi Sheng of Hong Kong, he was given an anklet. 1In July, 1996, he attended the second deacon training course of Shaanxi Buddhist Association at Ji Xiang Temple in Chang 'an. 1September 1996 to1June 1999, studied in the preparatory class of Fujian Buddhist College in Guanghua Temple, Putian, Fujian. 1September, 1999-June, 2003, studied in the undergraduate class of China Buddhist College. From September 2003 to June 2006, he studied in the graduate class of China Buddhist College. He studied under the famous contemporary Buddhist scholar, Professor Du Jiwen, former director of the Institute of World Religion and Culture of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Professor Wei Daoru, director of the Buddhist Center and Buddhist Office of China Academy of Social Sciences, and obtained a master's degree in Buddhism. From September 2005 to June 2006, I studied in the Philosophy Department of Peking University as a visiting scholar, and studied under Professor Lou Yulie, a famous contemporary Buddhist scholar. In July of 200 1 year, he served as the supervisor of Guangci Temple in Yongkang, Zhejiang. In September 2005, he served as Deputy Secretary-General of Shaanxi Buddhist Association, Director of Academic Affairs Office and Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Shaanxi Buddhism. From June 2005 to June 2005, he served as deputy supervisor of Daxing Mountain Temple in Xi 'an County, Shaanxi Province. In June 2005, he served as the director of Xi Charity Association in Shaanxi Province. In August 2006, he was appointed as the executive vice president of Shaanxi Buddhist Painting and Calligraphy Art College, and comprehensively presided over the daily affairs of the Buddhist College. In September 2006, he became a member of Shaanxi Youth Federation. From June 2006 to 2006 10, he served as the deputy secretary-general of Xi Buddhist Association. In June 2006, he served as the abbot of Huayan Temple in Huayan Zongzuting, Chang 'an District, Xi City. Buddhist Activities 865438+In May 2008, Huayan Temple in Chang 'an, Shaanxi Province, followed the jungle system and held a bonus meeting in the temple. Resident monks and believers set up bonuses for Buddhist monks in front of the Buddha. Chanting prayers and praying for blessings, super-recommending relatives; In the newly-built Zhaitang, Master Chang Kuan revealed the reasons and advantages of the bonsai club. In order to repay the kindness and commend the deceased, on the morning of February 22, 2008, at 10, Huayan Temple held a winter solstice ancestor worship ceremony. Monks bowed to Zuta one by one with nostalgia and admiration. The ancestor worship ceremony ended successfully at 1 1. October 20 165438 03+ 19 coincides with the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in China. According to legend, the enlightenment day of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, is also on the eighth day of December. In the ancestral hall of Huayan Sect in China-Xi 'an Huayan Temple, the Buddhist music is melodious and the sound is lingering. More than 100 people from all walks of life from Shaanxi and Gansu gathered together and held a solemn New Year greeting ceremony, wishing the motherland prosperity and people happiness and well-being. Value Significance Hua Yan Zuting's thought of Hua Yan Zong originated from the Buddha's era in ancient India, and its main idea was embodied in Hua Yan Jing. Hua Yanzong officially founded this sect in the early Tang Dynasty, which is one of the eight major sects of Han Buddhism. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, it spread widely and was highly respected. Four of the five ancestors of Hua Yan were honored as "national teachers" by the royal family. Master Du Shun, the early ancestor of Huayan Sect, founded Huayan Sect and Zhanghuayan Sect according to Huayan Jing. According to the Travel Notes of Du Shun Monk in Huayan Temple in Datang, he treated the people for free with superb medical skills and taught Huayan Jing, which was received by Emperor Taizong and was honored as "the emperor's heart". Master Erzu Zhiyan taught Huayan Sutra in Yunhua Temple, which made Huayan Sect flourish. At that time, he was called "Yun Hua Zun" and "Master of Wisdom Elephant" because he lived in Xiang Si Temple in Zhong Nanshan. After Master Sanzu Fazang successfully translated Hua Yan Jing, Wu Zetian asked him about the six phases and ten secrets of Hua Yan Jing in Chang 'an Eternal Hall. The master used the golden lion in the corner of the main hall as a metaphor, which made Wuhou suddenly realize that he was admired by the court and all walks of life and was named as the "Xianshou Stone Country", and he was the actual founder of Huayanzong. Xianshou Fazang absorbed some theories in Xuanzang's new translation to complete the teaching, enriched the concept of law and formally established a Sect, so later generations also called this Sect Xianshou School. Master Cheng Guan, the fourth ancestor, was once Professor Tang Dezong's Hua Yan Jing and was named "Master of Town". Jin Yin was given the title of "Sangtongliang Zen Master" to preside over the national Buddhist ceremony. Mu Zong and Jing Zong successively named him "Master of Dazhao Sect", and literate Sect was further named "Master of Dazhao Sect" and was re-elected as "Master of Five Dynasties", which made Hua Yanzong reach the peak and justified. Master Wu Zumi was invited by literate Sect to enter the inner hall to inquire about the general idea of Buddhism, and was given a robe title. Xuanzong pursues "Dinghui Zen Master" and is called "Guifeng Zen Master" because he lives in Guifeng Mountain.

The five masters of Huayan Sect studied the true meaning of Huayan Jing and wrote a lot of notes, explanations and explanations, which laid a solid theoretical foundation for the establishment of Huayan Sect. Their thoughts fully integrated the "great unity" thoughts of various sects and religions, which conformed to the profound quality of China culture and the tolerant and harmonious mentality of China people. They expressed the people's desire for harmony and perfection, won the unanimous admiration from the emperor down to the monks and customs, and had a far-reaching impact on future generations, which continues to this day. All these five masters built towers in Huayan Temple after their death, which shows the position and role of Huayan Temple in the history of Buddhism in China, especially in the development of Huayan Sect. According to the Buddhist classics Dazheng Zang, Li Chen's Xing Huayan Temple, Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai's Ling Du Jueju, and Song Dynasty famous Kou Zhun's You Huayan Temple, since the establishment of Huayan Temple, three great scholars, namely the fifth ancestor of Huayan Sect, Tang Kaiyuan, Zhi Zang and Xuan Yi, have lived in Duhuayan Temple. Huayan Temple was once the center of Buddhism in the world because of its solemn Dojo, gathering of eminent monks and beautiful environment. The fifth ancestor of Huayan Sect taught Buddhism in Huayan Temple before his death and built a tower here after his death. After years of vicissitudes, the past grand occasion of Huayan Temple no longer exists, but the stupa of the ancestor Du Shun and the fourth ancestor Cheng Guan has become the spiritual guide of Huayan Classic, Huayan Sect and Huayan Temple, and the cultural relics of past dynasties have become the most powerful historical witness. The thought of Huayan Sect in the Tang Dynasty spread to all parts of the world through Huayan Temple, which became an important place to carry forward the classic teachings of Huayan Jing, and achieved the infinite merit of "not reading Huayan Jing, not knowing the wealth of Buddhism" in the Buddhist community; Huayan Temple has also become the cradle of carrying forward Huayan Sect's thought, where the most perfect Buddhist thought is integrated with China traditional culture to form a unique theoretical system; Because of this, Huayan Temple has become the birthplace of Huayan Sect and the ancestral Dojo of Huayan Sect recognized by the world Buddhist community. Huayan Temple has far-reaching social value and historical contribution in perfecting Buddhist thought, promoting the process of Buddhism in China, contacting Buddhist believers at home and abroad, and international friendly exchanges. It is a holy place for Buddhists to worship in the world. Geographical location of tourism information: Duqu Town, Chang 'an District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province Opening hours: 10- 17: 00 Tickets: free transportation: take TV Tower 9 17 and get off at Chang 'an Normal School according to the roadside signs.