What are the folk festivals in China's general ****? Which festivals have special food habits

Festival name Festival time

Spring Festival First day of the first month

Lunar New Year's Lantern Festival Fifteenth day of the first month

Shangsi Festival Third day of the third month of March

Cold Food Festival Day before Ching Ming Festival

Chingming Festival Around April 5

Duanwu Festival Fifth day of the fifth month of the fifth month

Thuanyu Festival Seventh day of the seventh month of the seventh lunar month

Chinese New Year's Festival Fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month

Mid-Autumn Festival August 15

Chrysanthemum Festival September 9

Cold Clothes Festival October 1

Xiaoyuan Festival October 15

Winter Solstice Festival around December 22

Laiba Festival Lunar New Year Festival

Zaotou Festival Lunar New Year Festival Lunar New Year Festival Lunar New Year Festival

[1]

Historical Origins Editor

Formation

Traditional Chinese festivals are diverse in form and rich in content, and are an important component of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation. It is the legal system of "civilized society under the rule of law". It is the basic framework of a regional civilized country.

Zhu Xuanxian Chinese Painting "Dragon Boat Festival"

The origin and development of festivals is the "gradually formed and gradually perfected cultural process" of human society, and it is the product of the evolution of civilization from apes to human beings.

Traditional Chinese festivals are characterized by myths, legends, astronomy, geography, numerology, calendars, and many other human and natural cultural elements.

Documentary records can be traced back to at least Xia Xiaozheng and Shangshu, and during the Warring States period, the twenty-four festivals that divide the year were basically completed, and the traditional festivals that came later were all closely related to these festivals.

Each traditional Chinese festival has its own origin and necessary conditions for its formation.

Development

The festivals provided the prerequisites for the creation of the festival, and most of the festivals were already in their infancy during the pre-Qin period, but the enrichment and popularization of the customary content of these festivals required a long process of development. The earliest customary activities were related to primitive worship and life taboos; myths and legends added a touch of romance to the festivals; there was also the impact and influence of religion on the festivals; and some eternal remembrance of historical figures seeped into the festivals, all of which merged and cohesively integrated into the content of the festivals, making Chinese festivals have a deep sense of history.

By the Han Dynasty, China's major traditional festivals had already been finalized, and it is often said that these festivals originated in the Han Dynasty, which was the first period of great development after the unification of China, characterized by political and economic stability, and a great development of science and culture, which provided good social conditions for the final formation of the festivals.

Festivals developed into the Tang Dynasty, which had been liberated from the atmosphere of primitive worship and forbidden mystery. Turned into entertainment ceremonial type, become a real festival of good times. Since then, the festival has become joyful and festive, colorful, many sports, enjoyment of the content of the activities appeared, and soon became a fashionable popular, these customs have continued to develop, enduring.

Inheritance

It is worth mentioning that, in the long history, the generations of literati, poets and ink masters, for a festival composed many ancient masterpieces, these poems and texts are popular, was widely celebrated, so that China's traditional festivals permeated with deep cultural heritage, wonderful and romantic, the great vulgarity in the great elegance, elegance and vulgarity **** appreciation. China's festivals have a strong cohesion and broad inclusiveness, a festival, the country celebrated together, which and our nation's long history of long-flowing lineage, is a valuable spiritual cultural heritage.

Major Traditional Festivals Edit

24 from the Chinese seven traditional festivals logo press conference was informed that the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Tanabata, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang and other seven major traditional festivals in China logo officially released. It is reported that this is the Chinese Culture Promotion Association Festivals China Collaboration initiated, the seven traditional festivals connected to packaged heritage one of the actions. Guo Daorong said, has continued for thousands of years of traditional Chinese festivals, precipitated a profound cultural connotation, but because there is no image logo system, in modern society is not conducive to the promotion and dissemination of traditional festival culture.

The release of the image logo of the seven traditional Chinese festivals will be conducive to the Chinese traditional festival culture to the world. At the same time, the "traditional festival image logo management approach" is also the same day to draw up, according to the "traditional festival image logo management approach" requirements, the Chinese Culture Promotion Association has the collection of evaluation of the traditional festival image logo copyright, any unit or individual in the use of traditional festival image logo, should ensure that the legal use. "positive" that is the first month of the "positive")

Commonly known as the "New Year"

Introduction of the Spring Festival

The Spring Festival, the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, also known as the "lunar year", commonly known as the "Chinese New Year". Lunar New Year, commonly known as "New Year". It is one of the grandest and most lively traditional festivals in China. The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated in the Yin Shang period at the end of the year to sacrifice to the gods and ancestors. [2]

Origin

The Spring Festival refers to the Lunar New Year traditionally celebrated in the Chinese character culture circle, traditionally known as New Year, Dainian, and Xinyue, but also known orally as Dusui, Qing Xinyue, and New Year's Eve. In ancient times, the Spring Festival used to refer exclusively to the first day of the Lunar New Year, which was also regarded as the beginning of the year, but was later changed to the first day of the first month of the Lunar New Year, and it is generally believed that the New Year does not end until at least the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lunar New Year (Shangyuan Festival). The concept of Spring Festival and New Year's Day originally came from agriculture. In ancient times, people called the growth cycle of grains "Nian" (年), which means "year" in Shuowen (说文). The ancient people called the growth cycle of grain "Nian" (年), which means "year" (年). It's hard to say when the Spring Festival (Summer New Year) originated, but it's generally believed to have originated in the Yin and Shang dynasties in China, where sacrifices were made to the gods and ancestors at the end of the year (the La Sacrifice).

The Xia calendar, which was created during the Xia and Shang dynasties, takes the cycle of the moon's waxing and waning (now known as the lunar month, or "yin month") as the month, and divides the year into twelve months, with the day when the moon is not visible (the solstice) as the first day of the month, as well as the cycle of the return movement to the winter solstice (now known as the return year or the solar year, or "yang year"). "The year was divided into twelve months, with the day of the missing moon (the solstice) as the head of the month, and the cycle of the return movement of the solstice (now called the return year or solar year, which is described later) as the year, with intercalary months to adjust the yin and yang years. Taking the first day of the first month of the first day of the Zi Shi (midnight) as the first day of the year, i.e., the beginning of the year, the end of the year and the beginning of the year to carry out the celebration of the old year's harvest and the prayer for a good harvest in the new year, so a series of offerings to the gods, ancestor sacrifices, celebrations, and prayers, and other activities.

The name "year" began in the Zhou Dynasty. As for the first (the beginning of the year) to determine the time (in other words, the arrangement of the lunar calendar) is also related to the astronomical calendar (as mentioned above), the legend of the summer in the month of Yin (now the first month of the lunar calendar), the Shang in the month of ugly (now the twelfth month of the lunar calendar), Zhou in the month of Zi (now the eleventh month of the lunar calendar, that is, the winter solstice is located in the month), the Qin in the month of Ohi (now the tenth month of the lunar calendar), the Western Han Dynasty only to restore the summer is the fixed month of Yin (now the first month of the lunar calendar) as the first of the year, and has been in use since then.

But it's not the same thing.

But the first day of the first month in ancient times was called New Year's Day, New Year's Day, New Year's Day, and so on, until after the victory of the Xinhai Revolution in modern China, the Nanjing Provisional Government, in order to comply with the agricultural season and facilitate statistics (in fact, the guide to the agricultural season is the solar part of the summer calendar - the twenty-four seasons), the provisions of the summer calendar in the civil use of the summer calendar (the lunar calendar) in the government agencies, factories, mines, schools, and organizations in the implementation of the calendar (the calendar is not used to use the AD chronology, but to use the Republic of China). (instead of the AD calendar, the Republic of China (ROC) calendar was used). On the eve of the founding of New China, on September 27, 1949, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference officially designated the summer (lunar) New Year as the "Spring Festival", and many people still call the Spring Festival "New Year".

In fact, the Spring Festival in ancient times referred to the "Lichun" of the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar.

Related Legends

In ancient China, there was a monster called "Nian", which had tentacles and was very fierce. The Nian lived at the bottom of the sea for many years, and only climbed ashore on New Year's Eve to devour livestock and harm the people.

Therefore, on New Year's Eve, people from all villages and towns fled to the mountains to escape from the Nian beast.

This New Year's Eve, Peach Blossom Village, people are supporting the old and young to take refuge in the mountains, from the village came a begging old man, see his hand on crutches, arm with a bag, silver beard, eyes like a star. Folks have sealed the windows and locked the door, some packing, some cattle and sheep, everywhere people shouting and horse neighing, a scene of panic in a hurry. The first thing I'd like to say is that I don't know what to do, but I'd like to know what I'm doing.

Only the east end of the village, an old woman gave the old man some food, and advised him to go to the mountains to avoid the "year" beast, the old man stroked his beard and laughed: "Granny, if you let me stay at home for a night, I will certainly be the "year" beasts out of the way. The old woman looked closely, see his hair, hale and hearty, extraordinary. But she still continue to persuade, begging the old man smiled but did not say. The old woman had no choice but to leave her home behind and take refuge in the mountains.

In the middle of the night, the "New Year" beast broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from that of previous years: the old lady's house at the east end of the village had a big red paper on the door, and the candles in the house were burning brightly. The beast shivered and gave a strange cry. Nian" stared angrily at the old lady's house for a moment, and then pounced on her with a wild cry. Close to the door, the courtyard suddenly came "bang, bang, bang, bang," the sound of explosions, "year" trembling, and no longer dare to come forward.

It turns out that Nian is most afraid of the color red, fire and explosions. At this time, the mother-in-law's house door is wide open, only to see an old man wearing a red robe in the courtyard is laughing." Nian was terrified and fled in disarray.

The next day was the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, and the people who had returned from their refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this point, the old lady just suddenly realized, rushed to the villagers described the promise of the old man begging the villagers flocked to the old lady's home, only to see the old lady's home with red paper on the door, a pile of unburned bamboo in the yard is still in the "crackling" explosion, a few red candles in the house is still glowing with the afterglow of the ...... ecstatic townsfolk in celebration of the arrival of the good luck, have to The new clothes and hats, visiting friends and relatives. This incident soon spread in the surrounding villages, people know the way to drive away the "New Year" beast.

From then on, every year on New Year's Eve, every family puts up red couplets and sets off firecrackers; every household keeps the candles burning brightly and keeps watch for the new year. Early in the morning on the first day, but also to go to friends and relatives to say goodbye. This custom has become more and more widespread, and has become the grandest traditional festival of Chinese folklore.

Applicable areas

The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han Chinese people, but the Manchu, Mongolia, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li and other dozens of ethnic minorities also have the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival is more of their own national characteristics, more flavorful.

Customs

Firecrackers to keep the New Year's Eve, sticking Spring Festival couplets to pay homage to the New Year, eating dumplings, eating sausages and bacon, and watching the Spring Festival Gala (only in recent years)

Folk songs

Laqi, Laxi, Laxi 8, and congee, sweet porridge, to get rid of the dust, and to welcome a new year

Twenty-three to the New Year, and sugar melons to offer to the King of the Zao before the festival

Twenty-four to the ancestor's house to pay homage to the New Year, with incense

Twenty-five to the great blessings, and blessing the sages before the door. The first day of the New Year is the first day of the first month of the year

The first day of the New Year is the first day of the year when the first year of the year begins. "

Related Poems

The New Year's Day of the Tianjia - Meng Haoran

Last night the bucket returned to the north, this day the year begins to rise to the east

My age is already strong, and I have no salary, but still worry about farming

The mulberry field is for the ploughing fathers, the hoe is with the shepherd children

The Tianjia occupies the climate, and ***says that the year is full of abundance.

The Day of the New Year (Jade Palace Spring)-Mao Pang

The Lotus Flower leaks out of the year's droplets, and the wells are full of tassels and frozen wine

The cold of the dawn still deceives us, and the slimness of spring comes to the willows first

Good people advise us to live a thousand years, and the cypress leaves and pepper blossom in our sleeves

There are fewer people who know each other in the depths of the Drunken Country, but only with the Eastern King, who has a preference for his former self

On the day of the New Year, in the sound of firecrackers, the first year of the year ends, and the spring breeze brings warmth to the tassels.

The day of the New Year (Song Dynasty) is the day when the firecrackers sound and the year is over, and the spring breeze brings warmth to the tassel.

New Year's Day Test Writings (Selected One)-Chen Xianzhang

When the wind and clouds in the sky are celebrating the meeting, the Temple Mol competes with the grass and thatched roofs to know it

Neighboring walls are spinning and entertaining the guests with wine, and kindergartens are singing poems of joyfulness for the New Year

Old age meets the new year again, and the spring comes with even better flowers

Where is the evening breeze from the flute of the river building, and where is it blowing to the East Sea when it is on the moon?

New Year's Day of the dingmao year-Qian Qianyi

One Bottle of New Year's Wine is Worshiped.

Listening to the burning of firecrackers, a child's heart is still there, and watching the changing of peach blossoms, an old man's heart is still in the right place

The drums and the plum blossoms have added a new part of the New Year's Day, and the five shifts of the year are filled with laughter and joy

The words of the sale of demented people are written in the late hours of New Year's Eve, and people don't sleep.

"New Year's Eve" - (Tang) Lai Guan

The matter of the rest has become empty, ten thousand miles of lovesickness in one night.

After the sound of the rooster has died down, I will be pining to see the spring breeze again.

New Year's Eve - (Southern Song Dynasty) Wen Tianxiang

The universe is empty, the years are gone;

The end of the road is shocked by the wind and rain, and the poor side is full of snow and frost.

The life with the years want to end, the body and the world are all forgotten;

No more Tusu dream, picking lamps the night is not yet over.

New Year's greetings-(Ming) Wen Zhengming

Not seeking to meet but to pay a visit, the famous paper comes to my hut.

I also throw a few papers with people, the world is too simple not too false.

The new Zheng You - (Ming) Ye Stern

The winds and frosts of heaven and earth are over, and the weather of the Qiankun and the world;

The calendar adds a new year, and the spring is full of the old mountains and rivers.

Plums and willows are all new, and pines and bamboo are old;

Tusks are drunk, and the white clouds are laughing.

This is the first time I've ever seen a movie in the world.

This is the first time I've ever seen a movie in the world, and I've never seen one.

Fengcheng New Year's Greetings-(qing) Cha Shenxing

Craftily cutting streamers to try the Shilla, painting colors and tracing gold to make moths;

Since then the scissors have been idle for a month, and there are many needles and threads in the boudoir before the year is out.

On New Year's Day, the Chinese people were occupying Liu Yazi's "Huai Ren" rhyme - Dong Biwu

***Celebrating the New Year, the women of the Red Rock gave the plum blossoms;

They raised their glasses to each other to toast the wine of Tusu, and they shared their victory tea at the end of the banquet.

Only loyalty can serve the country, but there is no happy place to call home;

Singing and dancing with the capital to welcome the festive season, and looking at Yan'an from afar, the scenery is gorgeous.

The Spring Festival - Jiangnan Jingshi

The ban on fireworks in the city has been lifted for the time being, and the snow has cleared up in the year before.

The streets are decorated with colors and dusted, and all the peach symbols are replaced with couplets.

February 2nd Dragon Heads Up

Dragon Heads Up (February 2nd) is also known as the "Spring Plowing Festival", "Agricultural Festival", "Spring Dragon Festival", is the Han Chinese folk Traditional festivals. It is the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar every year, commonly known as the Green Dragon Festival, which is said to be the day when the dragon raises its head, and it is a traditional festival in both urban and rural areas of China. People celebrate "Dragon Head Festival" to honor the dragon and pray for rain, so that the old heavenly blessings to ensure a good harvest.

Winter Solstice

The winter solstice is a very important festival in China's lunar calendar, and also a traditional festival, which is still practiced in many places. The winter solstice is commonly known as the "winter festival", "long solstice festival", "YaYu", etc. As early as two and a half thousand years ago, the winter solstice is the most important festival in the Chinese lunar calendar. As early as two thousand five hundred years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, our country has used the earth to observe the sun to determine the winter solstice, it is the twenty-four solar terms in the earliest development of a. The time in December of each year, the solar calendar. The time is between December 22nd or 23rd on the solar calendar every year.

The winter solstice is the day with the shortest day and the longest night in the northern hemisphere throughout the year, and after the winter solstice, the day will get longer day by day. Ancient people on the winter solstice is: the Yin pole of the arrival, Yang Qi began to grow, the day south to the shortest day to the longest shadow of the sun, so it is said "winter solstice". After the winter solstice, the climate around the world have entered one of the coldest stage, which is often referred to as "into the nine", China's folk "cold in the three nine, hot in three volts," said.

Modern astronomical science, the winter solstice, the sun shoots directly at the Tropic of Capricorn, sunlight on the northern hemisphere is the most tilted, the northern hemisphere, the shortest day, the longest night, after this day, the sun and gradually move north.

In our country in ancient times on the winter solstice is very important, the winter solstice is treated as a large festival, there was a "winter solstice is as big as the year," said, and there are customs to celebrate the winter solstice. The book of han said: "winter solstice yang qi up, juntao long, so congratulations." People think: after the winter solstice, the day is longer than one day, Yang Qi rise, is the beginning of a cycle of festivals, is also an auspicious day, should be celebrated. The Book of Jin" on the record "Wei Jin winter solstice day by all the countries and bureaucrats to congratulate ...... its instrument subdivided into the first day." This shows the importance of the winter solstice in ancient times.

Now, some places still take the winter solstice as a festival. Northern regions have the custom of slaughtering sheep, eating dumplings and wontons on the winter solstice, while southern regions have the habit of eating winter solstice rice balls and winter solstice long thread noodles on this day. Various regions in the winter solstice on this day there is also the custom of sacrificing to the sky and ancestors.

Customs: The winter solstice has developed over thousands of years, forming a unique seasonal food culture. Such as wontons, dumplings, dumplings, red bean congee, corn cake, etc. can be used as the New Year's food. There were more popular "winter solstice feast" also has a lot of names, such as eating winter solstice meat, offer winter solstice plate, for winter solstice group, wonton winter worship.

The more common custom of eating wontons on the winter solstice. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin'an people ate wontons on the winter solstice, began to worship ancestors, and then gradually spread, folk "winter solstice wontons summer solstice noodles," said. Hundun development so far, more become a variety of names, production of different, fresh and delicious, all over the country, loved by the people's famous snacks. Wonton name a lot of places such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and most of the places called wontons, while Guangdong is said to be wonton, Hubei, said the bag of noodles, Jiangxi, said the soup, Sichuan, said the copious, Xinjiang, said Qu Qu and so on.

Eating dumplings is also a traditional winter solstice custom, especially prevalent in Jiangnan. "Soup dumplings" is the winter solstice necessary food, is a kind of glutinous rice flour made of round dessert, "round" means "reunion", "complete! "Round" means "reunion" and "complete", and eating soup dumplings on the winter solstice is also called "winter solstice dough". Folk have "eaten dumplings a year older" said. Winter Solstice Dumplings can be used to offer sacrifices to ancestors, and can also be used to give gifts to friends and relatives. In the old days, Shanghainese people paid most attention to eating soup dumplings. There is an old poem that says: "Every family pounded rice to make soup dumplings, knowing that it is the winter solstice day of the Ming Dynasty."

There are many places in the north, in the winter solstice this day have eaten dog meat and mutton custom, because the winter solstice after the weather into the coldest period, Chinese medicine that mutton and dog meat have yang tonic body has the effect of the folk so far there is the winter solstice have the custom of tonic.

In our country Taiwan also preserved the winter solstice with nine layers of cake ancestor tradition, with glutinous rice flour pinched chicken, duck, turtle, pig, cow, sheep and other symbols of good luck in the meaning of Fuk Luk Shou animals, and then steamed with a steamer layer steamed to ancestor, to show that we do not forget the old ancestors. The same family name with the clan on the winter solstice or around the agreed upon date, set to the ancestral shrine in accordance with the order of the eldest and youngest, one by one to pay homage to the ancestors, commonly known as "ancestor worship". After the ceremony, a banquet is organized to entertain the ancestors. We all drink freely, and contact each other's feelings after a long period of separation, which is called "eating ancestors." The winter solstice festival has been passed down from generation to generation in Taiwan to show that one does not forget one's "roots".

The winter solstice is a rich festival, according to legend, the winter solstice in the history of the Zhou Dynasty was the New Year's Day, once a very lively day. In today's Jiangnan area there is still: eat the winter solstice night meal to grow a year, commonly known as "add years".

Poetry related to the winter solstice:

The winter solstice has a close relationship with the "Song of Nine Nine Years", which has been passed down in Beijing for hundreds of years. Starting from the day of the winter solstice, nine days are counted as a unit, and nine nine days are counted in a row, so that the winter will be over by the end of the year.

The Song of the Nine Days

The nine days of the winter solstice are counted as nine days in a row, and then nine days are counted as eighty-one days, and then winter is over.

The Song of the Nine Days

The song of the Nine Days of the Winter Solstice is counted as nine days in a row, and then nine days in a row are counted as eighty-one days, and then winter is over.

Small Solstice

(Tang) Du Fu

The time and the personnel are in sync with each other, and the winter solstice and the spring come again.

Embroidered with five lines of weak threads, and blown by six tubes of flying ash.

The bank is waiting for the willow, and the mountain is ready to release the plum.

The clouds are not different from the countryside, so I'll teach my children to cover the cups in their palms.

Winter Solstice

(Tang) Du Fu

Year after year, the day of the arrival of the long for the guest, suddenly poor sorrow mud murder!

The river describes me as being alone in my old age, and the customs of the sky are close to each other.

After the snowy day, I was at the Dan Gully, and the jade was scattered in the morning.

There is not a single inch in my heart, and I'm not sure where to look at Sanqin.

The night of the winter solstice in Handan

(Tang) Bai Juyi

The winter solstice in Handan is the time when I hold my knees in front of the lamp.

I think of sitting deep in the night at home and talking about the people who have traveled far away.

Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival

Time: 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar

English: Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival

is an important traditional festival in China. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon of the year, but also the night of the beginning of the year, the earth back to spring, people celebrate this, but also to celebrate the continuation of the new year, so also known as "on the Yuan Festival", that is, the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lunar Calendar. In ancient books, this day is called "on the Yuan", the night called "Yuan night", "Yuan Xi" or "Lantern Festival". The name "Lantern Festival" has been used until now.

Customs

Because the Lantern Festival has the custom of opening and watching the lanterns, it is also known as the "Festival of Lights". In addition, there are customs such as eating lanterns, stilt walking, riddles, dragon dances, lanterns, lion dances, and so on. [3]

Evolution

The ancient Chinese calendar and the phases of the moon have a close relationship. On the fifteenth day of the first month, people ushered in the first full-moon night of the year, which was rightly regarded as an auspicious day. As early as the Han Dynasty, the fifteenth day of the first month was already used as a day to worship the emperor and pray for blessings. Later, the ancients called the 15th day of the first month "Shangyuan", the 15th day of the 7th month "Zhongyuan", and the 15th day of the 10th month "Xiayuan". At the latest, in the early North and South Dynasties, Sanyuan was already a day to hold a grand ceremony. Among the three elements, the first element was the most important. Later, the celebrations of the Middle and Lower Yuan were gradually abolished, while the Upper Yuan has endured.

Social Day Festival

("Social Day" in the south, "Dragon Head-raising" festival in the north)

Chunshe

Social Day is divided into Chunshe and Autumnshe, Chunshe is calculated according to the fifth e day after the establishment of spring, usually around the second day of the second month, Autumnshe according to the establishment of spring, the fifth e day, usually around the second day of the second month. Around the second day of the second month of February, and the fifth e day after the establishment of the fall of the Autumn Society, about the August of the new valley debut.

Spring Festival:

For a long period of time in China's history, the social pattern was a typical traditional agricultural society. In such a social form, people have extremely deep feelings for the land. Love, inevitably deified, so the land is very early in the people's worship object, called "social"; and focus on the day of worship, is the "social day".

Social character from the show from the earth, "earth" is the land, "show" means sacrifice, then, the community is the sacrifice of the land. In the early days, the land god was just a deity, but later it was gradually personified and called society, commonly known as the land master, and there was a spouse god (she-mother, commonly known as the land grandmother). Sometimes the god of land and the god of grain were worshipped together, which was known as Shejiku in ancient times.

Comparing the spring and fall societies, the spring society has more activities. According to the fifth e day after the spring, it is usually around the second day of the second month of February, which is said to be the birth date of the God of Land, so the rituals on this day are particularly grand. Yuan Jinglan "Wu County years Hua Jisheng" recorded Suzhou this custom said:

February 2 for the earth god birthday, the city temples have a special shrine, animal music to pay. Countryside soil Valley shrine, farmers also furnished pots of pulp to wish, the God Ci commonly known as Tian Gong, Tian Pao, the ancient name of the She Gong, She mother. She Gong does not eat water, so the day of the community will have rain, said She Gong rain. Contribute to the meeting, said the community money. Stacked drums to pray for the New Year, said the social drums. Drinking wine to cure deafness, said the community wine. Mixed meat and rice, said the community rice. ...... field will rise, special worship society to pray for agricultural auspicious.

Ancient enjoyment of the day called the land god of social day, generally spring and fall each one, and later there are occasionally four times to the sacrifice. Song Qiu Guangting "and Ming record" and other books, said: the general day of the community with the E day, after the spring of the fifth E day for the spring community, after the fall of the fifth E day for the autumn community, roughly before and after the vernal or autumnal equinox. Before the Han Dynasty, there was only the Spring Society, and after the Han Dynasty, there were two societies in spring and autumn. Spring and Autumn two society worship God's function separately, that is, the so-called spring prayers and autumn report. The main purpose of the Spring Society is to pray to the God of the land to bless a good agricultural harvest, while the Autumn Society thanks the gods with a reward for the harvest.

February 2 for the earth God's birthday, the city temples have special shrines, livestock music to pay. Countryside soil Valley God shrine, farmers also furniture pots of pulp to wish, the God Ci commonly known as the Tian Gong, Tian Pao, the ancient name of the She Gong, She mother. She Gong does not eat water, so the day of the community will have rain, said She Gong rain. Contribute to the meeting, said the community money. Stacked drums to pray for the New Year, said the social drums. Drinking wine to cure deafness, said the community wine. Mixed meat and rice, said the community rice. ...... field will rise, special worship society to pray for agricultural auspicious.

Northern region customs ------ lead to the dragon, in addition to insects, fumigation insects, shaving the dragon head (barber shaving), food customs, marrying a woman to live in the spring, taboos (taboo needle and thread, taboo water, taboo laundry, taboo grinding flour)

Southern region customs ------ festival of the community (the main activity is to worship the land and gather the community to drink, through the gods, entertaining God and entertainment)

Autumn society:

Began in the Han Dynasty, later in the fifth e day after the beginning of autumn. In ancient times, after the harvest, the government and the people were all sacrificed to the gods on this day to thank them. In the Song Dynasty, the custom of eating cake, drinking

Autumn Society

wine, and women's return to peace. In later times, the Autumn Festival became less popular, and its contents were mostly combined with the Mid-Yuan Festival (the half of the seventh month). In Tang Dynasty, Han constrained's poem "Not Seeing" reads, "I wish to be a swallow of the king's family, but I won't return even when I return to the Autumn Festival." Song Meng Yuanlao (宋孟元老)《东京梦华錄-秋社》："Autumn Festival in August, each person presents a gift of social cake and social wine to the other. Noble relatives, the palace to pork and mutton, waist, you room, belly lungs, duck, cake melon ginger genus, cut into chess pieces, pieces of samples, flavor and harmony, spread on the board, called the 'social rice', invited guests to feed. People's women are home, late return, that is, the grandfather's wife and uncle are new gourd children, jujube as a legacy, commonly known as Yiliang nephews. Mr. City School pre-convergence of all students money for social ...... Returning to each carry flower baskets, fruit, food, social cake and scattered. Spring society, heavy lunch, heavy nine, is also so." Song Wu Zimei "Dream sorghum record - August": "Autumn social day, the court and the state and county sent officials to sacrifice the gods of earth and grain in the altar, cover the spring prayers and autumn report." Qing Gu Lu "qingjiazhu - July - zai tiantou": "in the yuan, the farmers sacrifice field god, each with powdered dough, chicken and millet, melons and vegetables of the genus, in the field crossroads and then worship and wish, called zai tiantou. Case: Han Changli poem: '**** to the field to music She Shen.' And the cloud 'would like to be the same community, chicken and dolphin feast spring and fall.' ...... Then is today's July 15 ritual, as if the ancient autumn society ear."

Related Poems:

Spring Festival - (Song) Mei Yaochen

Year after year, we welcome the rain of the festival, and faintly wash the flowers of the forest.

The field drums under the trees, and the meat crows by the altar.

The spring mash and wine*** are drunk, and the elders of the countryside clamor for each other in the evening.

When will the swallows arrive?

Spring Society-(Song) Lu You

The wheat is green at the beginning of the mulberry eyes, and the rain falls in the voice of Bo Gu. I'm not sure if you know what I'm talking about, but I'm sure that I'll be able to keep my head above water.

Social meat is like a forest of social wine, and neighbors are wishing for a good year. I can tell you all about the peaceful weather in the winter drums.

The west side of the Chaimen pillow Peitang, social rain newly added a foot strong. The government of Taiwan has been working hard to make sure that all the people in the country are happy and happy.

Peace is everywhere in the field, and the children of the community day want to go crazy with joy. I'm not sure if you're going to be able to get a good deal on this, but I'm sure you're going to be able to get a good deal on this," he said.

Autumn Society - (Song) Lu You

The sun shines on the garden acacia after the rain, and the society drums are thumping and the temple is back.

Seeing the divine plate and the meat, I can't bear to see the sand geese come with cold.

The book is not for the idle day, the wine for the deaf drunk a cup.

Remembering the infinite scenery of Mirror Lake, the apple blossoms and polygonum blossoms.

Shengcha Zi - Autumn Society - (Song) Wu Wenying

When the building of the moon half trousseau, once bought diamond flower place. I was so sad that I had to turn my back on the appendices, and my hair was left in the wind and dew.

Before the gods, there was an alliance of chicken and wine. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm sure I'll be able to do it," he said.

Cold Food Festival

Cold Food Festival

Time: one day before the Qingming Festival

A festival in the old custom, one day before the Qingming Festival (one way to say it is two days before the Qingming Festival) (most of the customs now and Qingming cold food together).

Origin

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Prince Chong Er of Jin, who had been in exile for many years, returned to his throne [i.e., the Duke of Jin], and rewarded the ministers who had fled with him, but only Jie Zi Tui was left out. Jie Zi Tui then took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan Mountain [southeast of present-day Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province]. When Duke Wen of Jin learned of this, he wanted to reward him, but when he couldn't find him, he tried to burn the mountain to force him to come out. But Jie Zi Tui did not want to be an official, insisted not to come out, as a result, mother and son were both burned to death. In order to commemorate Jie Zi Tui, Duke Wen of Jin changed Mian Shan to "Jie Shan", set up a shrine to worship Jie Zi Tui, and designated the day of burning as the Cold Food Festival, forbidding fireworks throughout the country, and eating only cold food. Later, the custom of eating cold food and sweeping graves on this day was formed.

Related Poems:

"Cold Eclipse"

Han Shide (swarming)

There is no place in the city of spring where flowers don't fly,

the east wind of the cold eclipse is slanting on the willow.

The candles were passed around the Han Palace at the end of the day,

and the smoke was dispersed into the houses of the five vassals.

The Cold Eclipse on the Way

Song Zhiwen

The cold eclipse on the way, the twilight spring on the way.

It is a pity to look at Jiangpu and not see the people at Luoqiao.

The North Pole is pregnant with a bright master, and the South Sea is in the sea.

The old garden is a broken place, and the willows are new every day and night.

The Cold Food on the Mound

Yang Wanli

The road is straight, but the bridge is not so thin! The bridge is not a place to hold on to.

The distant mountains are pale, and the broken house is alone by the wheat.

The grass is still there in the spring, and the new road is not there in the last year.

The pear blossom has been in the air since the last day of the festival.

The "Imhoo Ching Ming Composition"

Wu Dajun

The morning is cold and the evening is cloudy,

Worrying about it, I don't realize that it's already deep in the spring.

The fallen flowers have tears because of the wind and rain,

The crowing birds have no feelings since ancient times.

It is a dream of the old country and the mountains,

Chinese characters are lost again.

The dragon and the serpent have no place to return to,

The cold eclipse is a yearly pathos.

The Cold Eclipse

Meng Yunqing

February is the month when the flowers in Jiangnan are full of branches,

and the cold eclipse in other places is far away from being sad.

The poor often have no fireworks,

Not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also for Zidui.

The Cold Food Day Offering to County Guards

Wu Tanggui

The entrance can be laughed at but also pitied,

The three paths of moss are deserted and a fishing boat.

It is a shame that the four neighbors taught me to cut off the fire,

I don't know that there has been no smoke in the kitchen for a long time.

The Cold Food Day Offering to the County Magistrate

Zhang Youzheng

The entrance can be laughed at but also pitied, the three paths of moss are deserted, and a fishing boat.

It is a shame that my neighbors have taught me to cut off the fire, and I do not know that there has been no smoke in the kitchen for a long time.

The Cold Food Post

Su Shi

Also known as "Huangzhou Cold Food Poem Post" or "Huangzhou Cold Food Post".

It says: "Since I came to Huangzhou, I have had three cold eclipses, and every year I want to cherish the spring, but the spring is not to be cherished. This year and bitter rain, two months of autumn depression.

Being in a bed, I heard that the flowers of the Begonia, the mud stained the Yanzhi snow. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm sure I'll be able to do it in the dark," he said. I'm a sick boy, and my beard is already gray."

The second is: "The spring river wants to enter the house, and the rain comes incessantly. Hut like a fishing boat, the water clouds. Empty kitchen cooking cold dishes, broken stove burning wet reeds. I don't know it's the cold food, but I can see the crows holding the paper. Your door is nine kilometers deep, and your grave is ten thousand miles away. I'm going to cry, but I can't afford to blow away the ashes.

Ching Ming Festival

(Time): The day of the festival Qingming, around the fifth day of the fourth month of the Gregorian calendar (solar calendar)

Interpretation

The Qingming Festival is China's most important festival of worship, and is the most suitable day for paying homage to one's ancestors and sweeping tombs. Tomb-sweeping is commonly known as visiting the graves, an activity to honor the dead. Most Han Chinese and some ethnic minorities sweep their tombs on the Qingming Festival.

Customs

According to the old custom, when sweeping tombs, people should bring wine, food, fruits, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer the food to their loved ones' graves, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, fold a few young green twigs and stick them in the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally eat the wine and food and go home. Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "Qingming": "The rain falls one after another during the Qingming Festival, and the pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Where can I find a tavern? The shepherd boy points to the apricot blossom village." It writes about the special atmosphere of Qingming Festival.

The Qingming Festival, also known as the Treading Green Festival, according to the solar calendar, it is between April 4 and 6 every year, it is the bright and beautiful spring grass and trees spit out the green season, but also it is the people of the spring tour [called trekking in ancient times] a good time, so the ancients have the Qingming trekking, and to carry out a series of sports activities of the custom.

The origin and legend of Qingming Festival:

The traditional Chinese Qingming Festival began in the Zhou Dynasty, which has a history of more than 2,500 years. Qingming is a very important festival in the beginning, Qingming, the temperature rises, it is a good time for spring plowing and planting, so there is "before and after Qingming, planting melons and beans". "Tree planting, no more than the Qingming" proverbs. Later, due to the days of Qingming and cold food close to the day, and cold food is a folk ban on fire sweeping the day, gradually, cold food and Qingming into one, and cold food has become an alias for Qingming, but also into a custom for the Qingming Festival, Qingming day does not move fireworks, only eat cold food.