Reflections on the "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project".

1 "Ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" background and significance

The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Rural Reform and Development of a Number of Important Issues", which made a concrete expression of the concern of all sectors of the "land reform" and gave clear direction. The "Decision of the Central Committee on Several Major Issues on Promoting Rural Reform and Development" adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the People's Republic of China has made a concrete expression of "land reform" that concerns all sectors of the community and given clear directions. In order to further deepen the reform of the land system, implement the scientific concept of development, promote urban-rural integration and the construction of a new socialist countryside, realize the win-win situation of protecting resources and safeguarding development, strengthen the conservation and intensive use of land, optimize the land-use structure, promote the development of large-scale, modernized agriculture, and promote the effective agglomeration of rural arable land resources, land resources for construction, labor resources, and market demand and resources for public ****services.

Jiangsu Province, the Land and Resources Department issued the "on the issuance of" Jiangsu Province "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" pilot program "notice" (Su land resources hair [2008] No. 290, hereinafter referred to as "notice") clearly states that "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project "to promote the construction of new socialist countryside as the starting point, through large-scale agricultural land consolidation, built a large area, continuous high-standard farmland, promote the scale of agricultural production and operation, modernization; through the spatial integration of construction land, optimize the land use structure, saving and intensive land use; through the farmers to the towns and cities to concentrate on living and enjoying the social security, and to promote the conversion of the identity of the farmers to the citizens, to accelerate the process of urbanization. Accelerate the urbanization process. In order to implement the spirit conveyed by the Notice, Suqian City Economic Development Zone is to carry out "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" pilot work in the township of Sankeshu.

2 Innovative points

2.1 Combining land development and finishing and hooks, that is, based on the hooks of the land finishing

The hooks project is in fact a form of land finishing, that is, "fields, water, roads, forests, villages," the comprehensive finishing of the "village" finishing. Simply stripping the linked project from the comprehensive land consolidation is not in line with the requirements of the new rural construction.

The "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" is a land development and consolidation project as a carrier, the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease of hook policy as a hand, to a certain extent, the land development and consolidation and hook project combination, to establish a new land consolidation model based on the hook. It is a systematic project to increase the area of effective arable land and improve the quality of arable land through the comprehensive improvement of fields, water, roads, forests and villages; to relocate rural residents to towns and cities, and to economize and intensively utilize the land for construction; to build a large area of contiguous high-standard farmland, to optimize the layout of regional land use, and to realize the goals of concentrated farmland, concentrated residence, intensive land use and concentrated benefits.

2.2 Demolition and relocation compensation program and agricultural population resettlement program coordination

"A kick" type of one-time monetary compensation and resettlement, the lack of the future of landless farmers long-term consideration of the future of the way out, it is often difficult to long-term and effective solution to the employment of landless farmers and entrepreneurship, and even more difficult to solve the problem once and for all, the loss of landless farmers. It is even more difficult to solve the worries of landless farmers once and for all. This approach is contrary to the policy of "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" and should not be used.

The centralized development type of resettlement represented by Hunan's "Xianjia model" has not only solved the employment problem of the landless farmers, but also solved the change of their lifestyles and the social security problem. But the centralized resettlement model still has shortcomings: first, the scope of application is small, only for economically developed and convenient transportation areas; second, the degree of marketization is poor, restricting the flexibility and initiative of the collective property flow value-added.

The land share resettlement mode is in line with the "No. 1 Document" of the central government in 2006, which proposes to "improve the mechanism for the transfer of the right to operate the land contract in accordance with the law, voluntarily, and with compensation", and it is a change and innovation in the way of compensation for the expropriation of land in our country. At present, China has not formulated a national unified law on land shares, can not make the "land shares" to get legal protection, coupled with China's financial market system is very imperfect, into the business will face great risks.

The social security type of resettlement represented by the Jiaxing model is a way of integrating the basic life of expropriated peasants into the social security system of urban residents, and classifying and resettling the agricultural population according to different genders and ages, but it also has its limitations: the compensation for land loss is low, and high insurance premiums have to be paid, which makes it very difficult for the landless to get compensation for their loss of land. But it also has its limitations: the land compensation received by landless peasants is low, and they also have to pay high premiums, so the level of protection is low.

Because of the "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" is located in the region of socio-economic differences, the farmers' habits, cultural level, material living conditions, there are some differences, there are different understandings and awareness of the issue of land expropriation, coupled with a variety of resettlement modes have shortcomings, which determines the impossibility of building a unified model of compensation and resettlement of landless peasants. This also determines that it is impossible to build a unified compensation and resettlement model for landless farmers. Each project area should consider the advantages and disadvantages, and find the most appropriate compensation and resettlement mode or combination of modes.

Suqian City Economic Development Zone, "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" approach to optimize the combination of modes, the project area *** involves the relocation of 1,759 households, the use of centralized residential areas --- "happy district". "happy neighborhood" resettlement, farmers through self-financing part of the funds plus demolition compensation for the purchase of resettlement housing, so that the first resettlement after the demolition.

At the same time, Suqian Economic Development Zone to establish and improve the project area farmers employment training and social security system, which is not only the construction of a new socialist countryside and the construction of a harmonious society, the fundamental requirements of maintaining social stability, and promote the construction of economic development zones and fast development is of great significance.

According to the age level of the population is divided into four age groups, according to the "legal, voluntary, paid" principle, the second, third, fourth age group to give up the right to land contract management, can choose whether to participate in the basic livelihood security. Development zones and township people's governments shall take active measures to encourage and support farmers to participate in basic livelihood security, and the financial department shall set up a special account in the bank for the basic livelihood security funds of farmers in engineering zones (consisting of farmers' basic livelihood security individual accounts and social co-ordination accounts), so that farmers who have given up their right to contract land for operation can enter the basic livelihood security system of the farmers of the expropriated lands and enjoy the same basic livelihood security of the farmers of the expropriated lands, employment, medical care and other policies. The following describes the specific operation method.

The township government took the lead in setting up the Three Trees Township Agricultural Economy Cooperative, and the farmers and the cooperative signed an agreement on the transfer of land contract management rights, agreeing to be operated or contracted by the cooperative, and to pay land compensation and resettlement subsidies with the income from the operation or contracting, and the funds are managed by the financial department. For farmers who have given up their land contract management rights and have not entered into the basic livelihood security, the financial department will pay the land compensation fee, resettlement subsidy and the living subsidy for persons under 16 years of age directly to the farmers; no less than 70% of the land compensation fee and all of the resettlement subsidy for farmers who have given up their land contract management rights and have entered into the basic livelihood security will be transferred into the individual accounts of farmers who have entered into basic livelihood security in the project area. In the event of the death of a person practicing basic livelihood security, the balance of principal and interest in his personal account can be inherited in accordance with the law.

The basic livelihood security for farmers who have given up their land contract management rights in the project area is divided into two forms: pension and living allowance. The expenses are first paid from the individual account, and if the individual account is insufficient, it is paid from the social co-ordination account. Among them:

The first age group will no longer be included in the basic livelihood security after receiving a one-time living subsidy of 4,000 yuan;

The second age group will receive a monthly living subsidy from the month of delivery of the land for a period of two years at the rate of 120 yuan;

The third age group will receive a monthly living subsidy from the month of the implementation of the basic livelihood security at the rate of 100 yuan, and receive a monthly pension when they reach old-age age;

Fourth-age farmers receive a monthly pension. Pension payment standard should not be lower than the local average of the previous year's rural minimum subsistence guarantee supplement standard, the specific standard by the engineering district township government to determine.

Farmers who do not give up their land contract management rights can make a one-time prepayment or installment prepayment of security fees to the pension age, enjoy pension security.

The farmers' old-age security system is coordinated by the government and incorporated into the unified management of Sankeshu Township of Suqian Economic Development Zone in accordance with the principle of territoriality.

In accordance with the "government-led, departmental supervision, farmers benefit" principle, combined with the development zone enterprise labor requirements and the actual needs of production, the government arranged for the demolition of farmers to the development zone of the public **** training base for free technical training. Through training, competition for jobs. Farmers mastered the skills of labor enterprises, not only to solve the problem of difficult to employ enterprises, but also to create the conditions for their own development.

At the same time, we should rationalize the industrial structure of urban and rural areas and vigorously develop the tertiary industry. Through a variety of professional and technical training, consciously guide the demolition of farmers to the tertiary industry, independent entrepreneurship. After the completion of the "happy neighborhood", and "harmonious home" *** with the composition of the two major residents of the township of Sankeshu gathering place. Accordingly, it will absorb more demolition of farmers engaged in property management, security management, catering, services and other tertiary industries, and encourage the demolition of farmers engaged in business activities such as store, and in the policy allows the conditions of independent entrepreneurs in the capital, taxes, venues, fees, etc. to be supported, in order to reduce their entrepreneurial risk, and enhance the confidence of independent entrepreneurship.

More urgently, should actively broaden the community employment channels, to solve the problem of re-employment of landless peasants with the strengthening of the city's education, greening, environmental protection, health, transportation, people's services and other causes, so that the formation of the provision of jobs and the creation of local wealth corresponds to the cycle of the situation. After the implementation of the plan, the former Dahua Village, Yanglou Village, Tong Wei Village and Yang Wei Village, Baozhuang group of village committee staff can participate in the farmers' community management in the area, the village primary school teachers as well as medical staff can be arranged through skills training, organization of the examination, selected part of the development zone kindergartens, elementary school and the hospital of the township of Sankeshu employment.

2.3 Effective implementation of the concept of flexible planning

In planning, the so-called elasticity refers to the degree of adaptability of the planning ideas and indicator system to the development of random market economy. If planning is taken as the dependent variable, planning (PR) can be regarded as a function of the market (Si), i.e.

PR=f(S1, S2, S3, ......, Sn)=f(Si)

Equation:S1, S2, S3, ... ..., Sn - market factors with uncertainty.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of elastic planning

Whenever one of these market factors changes, it leads to a relevant response in the planning itself, and the degree of sensitivity of this response is elasticity. As shown in Figure 1, the planning accepts the signal of market change (M), and through government intervention (N) and market adjustment mechanism, the planning makes corresponding adjustments to the signal of market change, so as to realize the mechanism of elasticity planning under the conditions of market economy, and the process of elasticity planning is the process of realizing corresponding adjustments under the stimulation of M and N through market adjustment and administrative intervention.

The core of the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" is to carry out land consolidation based on the linkage planning, integrating the original two independently operated projects into a single one, and improving the scientificity and sustainability of the planning based on the avoidance of duplicated construction and the saving of operating costs. At this time, the requirements for cost saving and intensive land use can be regarded as the market (Si), and the planning concept of land consolidation based on the linkage planning is the rapid response to the changes in Si, such as Suqian Economic Development Zone, "10,000 hectares of good land construction project area" involves the demolition of 1,759 households, the demolition and relocation of the population of 6,879 people. But at the same time, taking into account the 2007, 2008 years linked to the project area of the demolition of agricultural households (891 households, 3238 people) contracted land with the project area of the land together with the turnover of the agricultural population resettlement program involves 2,650 households, the population of 10,117 people. This not only saves material and manpower costs and realizes the efficient operation of government functions, but also reflects the flexibility of planning. Moreover, the independent choice of resettlement modes for the farmers who were demolished and relocated within the scope of the Suqian project area, as well as the differentiated initiatives for different age groups, all reflect the flexibility of the plan. However, flexible planning is in a subordinate position, its role is to make up for the defects of planning rigidity, so that a certain degree of rigidity of the plan to enhance the flexibility of its preparation and implementation, and better unify the science of planning and the art of planning to the preparation and implementation of planning practice, must not be detached from the rigidity of the elasticity of the planning flexibility, planning flexibility can only be moderately elastic. Therefore, based on the linkage planning to carry out land consolidation must be subject to the linkage planning, land consolidation of rigid content as the premise of flexible planning.

3 "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" need to pay attention to several issues

3.1 project area determination

As the "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" is aimed at the current local arable land management dispersed, backward production methods, The "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" is a response to the current problems of decentralized management of local arable land, backward production methods, chaotic layout of villages, oversized average land occupation by households, and low level of security, which makes the initiative to promote the transformation of agriculture from decentralized to large-scale operation, and the transformation of traditional to modern agriculture. Therefore, the project area should be determined to meet: ① county (city, district) as a unit, the total area of more than 1,000 hectares, more than 300 hectares of agricultural land sorting scale; ② in line with the town planning and land use planning, and reflect the convergence of the relevant planning; ③ with the consent of members of the collective economic organizations in the project area; ④ the local government has a project with the construction of the government's financial resources or socialized funds to match the matching capacity. Matching ability.

Through the screening and matching of the above conditions, Suqian Municipality has identified Dahua Area and Yanglou Tongxu Area within the Economic Development Zone as the two major areas for the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Fields Construction Project". From the remote sensing pictures, it can be seen that the rural settlements in these two areas are scattered and the land use is rough, and the Dahua Area and Yanglou Tongxu Area identified in this construction project are completely connected with the development plan of the Economic Development Zone. Moreover, the old demolition plots of the "Hooking Up and Down Planning for Urban and Rural Construction Land in Suqian Economic Development Zone of Jiangsu Province (2007-2009)" are all located in Dahua Village, Sankeshu Township, which reflects the concept of land consolidation planning based on the hooking up planning (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

Figure 2 Remote sensing pictures of Yanglou Tongxu Area (left) and Dahua Area (right)

Figure 3 Location of the two areas in Suqian Economic Development Zone Development Plan

3.2 Establishment of Project Management and Innovation Mechanism

Implementation of "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Fields Construction Project" involves land, finance, construction, agriculture, water supply and water conservation.

The implementation of the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" involves many departments such as land, finance, construction, agriculture, water conservancy, transportation, environment, etc., and the work is complicated and complicated, which requires the cooperation and support of all parties, and an efficient and effective organization and leadership institution should be established.

In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the economic development zone "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project", Suqian City, Suqian City, set up by the mayor as leader, executive deputy mayor as deputy leader, members of the municipal party committee Agricultural Office, Land Bureau, Finance Bureau, Planning Bureau, Agriculture Bureau, Agricultural Development Bureau, Construction Bureau, Development and Reform Commission, Water Bureau, Urban Management Bureau, Bureau of Transportation, Forestry Bureau, Labor and Social Security Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, Public Security Bureau, Supervision Bureau, Procuratorate, Court, Audit Bureau, Power Supply Bureau, Telecommunications Bureau and other responsible comrades, as well as the main leaders of the Suqian Economic Development Zone Management Committee where the project area is located in the leading group, responsible for the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Virtuous Fields Construction Project" planning program at the municipal level Review, unified leadership and coordination of the pilot work.

Suqian City Economic Development Zone Management Committee in accordance with the construction tasks issued by Jiangsu Province and the approved implementation program, responsible for the implementation of specific work. And set up by the main leader as leader, deputy leader of the leaders in charge, the relevant departments, townships responsible for members of the "10,000 hectares of fertile land construction project" implementation of the leadership of the working group, responsible for the "10,000 hectares of fertile land construction project" organization and implementation, coordination and resolution of various conflicts, and timely study of the pilot work of the major issues arising from the construction of the project. Timely study of major issues arising in the pilot work, the implementation of various supporting measures, tracking supervision and guidance, assess the effectiveness of the work, and promote the smooth progress of the pilot work in an orderly manner.

3.3 Realization of full public participation

Because the project area is large and involves many farmers, it is necessary to do a good job in advance to prepare and explain the work, to ensure social stability. 2006 the central government "No. 1 document" clearly pointed out that: "we must adhere to the basic management system in rural areas, respect the main body of the farmers, and respect the basic management system of farmers. The basic management system in rural areas, respect for the main position of farmers, and constantly innovate rural institutions and mechanisms; we must adhere to the people-oriented, and focus on solving the most pressing practical problems in the production and life of farmers, so that farmers can effectively get the benefits." Peasants' participation as the main body in the construction of new rural areas is not only about participating in labor or attending ceremonies, but also includes involvement in the decision-making and selection process, contribution and effort, commitment and ability, use and control of resources, capacity building, self-organization and self-reliance, and benefit sharing. Emphasizing that farmers are the mainstay of new rural development does not in any way imply that the Government can just sit back and do nothing. Canada's experience is worth learning from: first, the establishment of a "rural dialogue" mechanism, which enables the federal government to keep abreast of public opinion and development in the countryside; second, the establishment of a "rural lens" mechanism, which strengthens the capacity of officials at all levels of government and departments to "think rural"; second, the establishment of a "rural lens" mechanism, which enhances the ability of officials at all levels of government and departments to "think rural". The first is to establish a "rural lens" mechanism to enhance the awareness of officials at all levels of government and in all departments to "care for the countryside" and "take the initiative to serve the countryside".

Only the rural construction has realized the change from "from top to bottom" to "from bottom to top" and from "external" to "internal".

3.4 Strengthening the integration of land consolidation

Rural urbanization is the inevitable process of sustainable development of society, which requires that the rural community increasingly has a variety of basic features of modern urban communities. At the present stage, people pay more attention to rural land consolidation, because rural land consolidation is relatively simple compared to the engineering technology, cultural tradition and ecological economy involved in urban land development and consolidation. However, since the integration of urban and rural areas is an inevitable trend, future land development and consolidation, especially the land development and consolidation of urban and rural areas and the land development and consolidation of towns and market towns involving the relocation of villages and towns, must integrate urban land development and consolidation of rural land development and consolidation, and this is the key area for future land development and consolidation.

3.5Maximizing comprehensive benefits

The "production development and village cleanliness" in the twenty-word guideline of "production development, affluent living, civilized culture, cleanliness and democratic management" for the construction of a new countryside is to improve the conditions for farmers' production and farming, and to improve the conditions for farmers' production and farming, as well as to enhance the quality of the land. The aim of "production development and village cleanliness" in the "production development and livelihood prosperity, civilized village culture, clean village appearance and democratic management" is to improve the production and farming conditions of the farmers, and to organize the whole region to improve the appearance of rural areas. Therefore, the linkage work should not only focus on reclaiming the old residential land as arable land, but should also start to carry out comprehensive reorganization. The local government should also take advantage of the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" to improve the appearance of the village and the working environment of the entire project area.

For example, in the Netherlands, rural landscape planning and land consolidation process is closely linked. From the development trend of the Dutch land consolidation project, its focus is purely to adjust the purpose of agriculture, evolved into a more effective multiple use of land in rural areas; and correspondingly, the Dutch countryside landscape planning has gradually from the service of agricultural production and other economic factors to focus on the effective use of land and the quality of the landscape, the protection and development of the ecological process combined. In view of this, "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" the ultimate blueprint for social benefits, economic benefits, ecological benefits **** win the new situation.

Suqian City, "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" through the rural construction land consolidation, can promote the concentration of agricultural land, through the construction of forest networks, can improve the soil and water structure, improve the ability of drought and flood, reduce floods, drought and other natural disasters threaten to enhance the ability to resist natural disasters! --- change the scattered pits, ponds, puddles and scattered irrigation canals into a unified and orderly drainage and irrigation system that can both irrigate and drain floodwaters, improving the level of water conservancy and drainage and irrigation; change the uneven and curved rural roads into a network of roads that facilitates mechanized operation and pedestrian management, improving the level of road networking; and Optimizing the structure and layout of rural land use can promote the functional zoning of production and life in rural settlements, facilitate the management of domestic pollution sources, and can reduce the pollution of the agro-ecological environment; through the scientific planning of settlements, rational layout, and is conducive to the improvement of the rural landscape. Through the above transformation and construction, there will be a "field into a square, canal into a network, forest into a line, road into a frame, village concentration" of modern ecological and efficient agricultural park, significantly improve the ecological landscape of the project area.

3.6 Optimize the operation of the funding model

At present, the main source of funding for domestic land consolidation is the financial and land premiums, which undoubtedly increases the burden on the Treasury. And once the funding gap will also affect the quality of the project to a certain extent.

BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) is a new way of investment and cooperation that emerged internationally after the 1980s. The basic idea is that the government of the country in which the project is located or the agency to which it belongs provides a kind of concession agreement for the construction and operation of the project as the basis for project financing, and the national or foreign company as the investor and operator of the project arranges for the financing, bears the risk, develops the construction project and operates the project for a limited time to obtain profit, and finally transfers the project to the corresponding government agency according to the agreement (Fig. 4).

Suqian City Economic Development Zone, "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" construction of special funds required by the Development Zone Management Committee is responsible for raising the initial start-up capital can be raised through the Development Zone Finance and Agricultural Development Bank loans, the shortfall from the government's daily net income from land concessions, the implementation of the city to feed the rural areas, industry to feed the agricultural policy requirements. The policy requirements of city feeding the countryside and industry feeding agriculture are realized. Financial advances and loans are mainly recovered through linked turnover indicators in the building of new retained land parcels of net proceeds: new retained areas of land premiums, land consolidation fees and land operating income after the shortfall of three funds can be used in agricultural development bank loans, agricultural key development and construction funds and net proceeds of land concessions for agricultural development of funds, but also for the reconstruction of rural roads in Jiangsu Province, water and other supportive funds and agricultural development, water-saving irrigation and water-saving irrigation. Funds and agricultural development, water-saving irrigation and other project funds. At the same time, we can consider the establishment of diversified, multi-channel "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" construction funding mechanism, the use of market operation, the owner of the mode of development, and widely absorb social capital into the implementation of the project.

Given the special national conditions in China, the current government is still the main body of the market as a complementary mode of operation, but do not rule out the future of the market-led new situation.

Figure 4 BOT mode diagram