Do sailboats sail against the wind by constantly turning the bow?

Wind is the driving force of navigation. When the wind is downwind, the sailboat can spread its sails and go straight ahead along the wind direction. It is impossible for a sailboat to sail smoothly in a straight line when the wind is against. At this time, the bow should be tilted in the direction where the wind blows, and then the angle of the sail should be adjusted so that the wind blows on the sail, generating an oblique forward force, and the ship will be inclined forward. After a while, turn the bow again, so that the other side of the boat leans to the wind, and the sailboat will tilt in the other direction. Sailing is like this, turning left and right, sailing against the wind. This kind of driving is called windward driving.

Sailing boats are different in size, so are the shapes of sails and the masts that support them. The traditional square cross sail is suitable for driving downwind, and the longitudinal sail developed from the triangular sail is beneficial for driving against the wind and is convenient to operate.

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Sails of sailing ships are divided into transverse sails and longitudinal sails. The transverse sail direction crosses the hull, and the longitudinal sail direction is consistent with the long axis of the hull. Large sailboats combine these two kinds of sails.

Cross-sail sailboats include: three-masted sailboats, topmast schooners, multi-masted sailboats and double-masted sailboats.

Schooner includes: sloop, schooner and schooner.