What are the four aesthetic thoughts of China's ancient architectural tradition?

China's architectural culture is consistent with its main culture, and it is also divided into two parts. China's architecture is as long and splendid as its civilization. China's architectural culture is a symbol of human civilization. Every nation has its own architectural style, which is complementary and similar, just as there are distinct differences between different civilizations. People not only build shelters for their own survival, but create their own living environment according to the concept of beauty. China ancient architecture formed a unique architectural style in its development process, which is closely related to China's traditional aesthetic thought.

First, the traditional aesthetic thought of "harmony between man and nature" has influenced the ancient architectural style.

Under the influence of traditional aesthetic thought, people do not hold an attitude of opposition to nature, nor do they use architecture to control the natural environment, but hold an attitude of affinity, thus forming the aesthetic thought of harmonious beauty between architecture and natural environment. For example, the quadrangle, a famous ancient building in northern China with a strong traditional culture, is a symbol of traditional architectural culture in China. The quadrangles in Beijing pay attention to the pattern, style, style and tradition. The layout of the whole courtyard is neat and bright, which makes people feel quiet and comfortable. "The clouds are 3,000 feet high and there are a million towers in the fog." The "million rooms" here refer to what we call Beijing quadrangles. The quadrangle in Beijing is well designed and exquisite, with a house, a yard, a gate, two doors, a veranda, a private school, a living room, walls, a warehouse, a kitchen, a garden and a large family of horses and chariots. Close the door and become a whole. Standing in the atrium of Beijing quadrangle, you can see that the middle of the quadrangle stretches, and the porch sill twists and turns, flickering. The essence of quadrangles lies in the word "combination", which is to "combine" all members of a new family. "How deep is the yard?" Only in this ancient courtyard can we feel this poetic scene of China.

Secondly, the influence of the traditional aesthetic thought of "virtual reality coexists with reality" on the ancient architectural style.

Laozi once said: "You think of it as a tool, and you can use it as a tool without it;" Carve the family into a room, and when it has nothing, it has a room. The artistic conception brought by the traditional aesthetic thought of "virtual reality coexists with reality" is deeply embodied in the classical architecture of China. For example, in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing is a square square square covering an area of 2.5 hectares, facing the 35-meter-high Jinxi Hall, which is a place where civil and military officials worship incense. Originally, the building was not too high, but going forward from Taihe Gate, crossing this open space, climbing the white marble steps and looking up at the main hall is almost like going to heaven. " Nothing is more magnificent than prestige, "Xiao He said at that time, which was well confirmed here. The palace and the open space are connected by porches and palace walls. Beijing is surrounded by two internal and external walls. The outer city is the imperial city, with Dong 'anmen, Xi 'anmen, Di 'anmen and Tiananmen as its gates, and the inner city is the Forbidden City, with Wumen, Donghuamen, Xihuamen and Shenwumen as its gates. They are all yellow tiles and red walls, similar to palaces. The combination of point and line and the contrast between reality and reality constitute the unique spectacular beauty of China. From the ethical point of view, this pattern embodies the feudal consciousness of Confucian hierarchy and is a typical embodiment of feudal social system in the field of architecture.

Thirdly, the traditional aesthetic thought of "view of nature" has influenced the ancient architectural style.

Shuowen said, "Look at it, then look at it. When reading, you must always think. " The view of nature, that is, "people's general understanding of nature", is an important part of people's world outlook. The ancestors of China established a close and harmonious aesthetic relationship with nature very early. They are good at grasping nature from the perspective of organic whole and endowing natural aesthetics with rich spiritual connotation. For example, in the classical gardens in China, Yangzhou has a small area, but in this small space, it has created four seasons. As soon as I entered the garden gate, bamboo was trimmed into a forest, and the ground was covered with stalagmites, giving people a feeling of spring; When I turned around the garden wall, I saw mountains and rivers flooding and splashing down, with trees and winding bridges, just like a summer scene; Turning to another place, the rocks are rugged, the valleys are narrow and deep, the sunset glow is oblique, and it is bleak everywhere, like water in late autumn; Finally, the high wall disappears, and all the greenery disappears, leaving only white stones to cover the top and pave the way. In winter, there is an atmosphere of ice and snow. All the artistry of classical garden architecture is embodied in this perfect combination of man-made and nature.

Whether it is "the unity of heaven and man", "the combination of reality and reality" or "the view of nature", the crystallization and precipitation of thousands of years of wisdom have made the formation of China's ancient architectural style have unique architectural ideas. The aesthetic judgments in China's ancient architectural design thoughts all came from China's traditional aesthetics, while China's traditional aesthetics came from the traditional Confucian aesthetic thoughts, and gradually merged with Zhuangzi, Buddhism and Zen in the process of development. All categories of ancient architecture in China vaguely reflect some ethical and cultural themes. It can be said that, to some extent, the ancient architectural culture of China is also an ethical "masterpiece" spread on the land of the East. The architectural styles of ancient buildings in China are all influenced by aesthetic ideas such as "harmony between man and nature", "view of nature" and "coexistence of reality and falsehood".